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2017 | Buch

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Homogeneous Catalysis with Renewables

verfasst von: Arno Behr, Andreas J. Vorholt

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Catalysis by Metal Complexes

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This volume gives a detailed account into how renewables can be transformed into value-added products via homogeneous catalysis, especially via transiton metal homogeneous catalysis. The most important catalytic reactions of oleochemicals, isoprenoids, carbohydrates, lignin, proteins and carbon dioxide are described. Special emphasis is placed on carbon-carbon linkage reactions (hydroformylations, dimerisations, telomerisations, metathesis, polymerisations etc.), hydrogenations, oxidations and other important homogeneous reactions (such as isomerisations, hydrosilylations etc.). Also, tandem reactions including isomerising hydroformylations are presented. Wherever possible, the authors have included mechanistic, kinetic, and technical aspects. The reader is therefore given a total overview of the status quo of homogeneous catalysis directed to the most important renewables.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Introduction

Abstract

In “green chemistry”, catalysis is a very helpful tool to convert basic chemicals into valuable fine and specialty products. By decreasing the energy of activation, the catalysts enable reactions which are not possible to carry out without the catalyst. This general rule is valid both for classical petrochemicals and of course for renewables. Depending on the molecular structure of the renewables (see Sect. 1.2), the reaction types may differ but the basis ideas remain the same.

Arno Behr, Andreas J. Vorholt

Chapter 2. Hydrogenation of Renewables

Abstract

Hydrogenation reactions have a variety of applications in the chemical industry which is shown by the corresponding products, such as ammonia, methanol, and polyamides. In petrochemistry, the addition of hydrogen is used to adjust properties of product mixtures, e.g. in the hydrocracking or hydrotreating. For renewables, the same is already feasible or first proofs of concept were already shown. Therefore, hydrogenations indicate ways to increase the availability and enhance handling of products from natural resources. Heterogeneously catalysed hydrogenations with renewables are realised already in big scale, e.g. in the production of margarine or sorbitol.

Andreas J. Vorholt, Arno Behr

Chapter 3. Hydroformylation of Renewables

Abstract

The formal addition of a hydrogen atom and a formyl group to a double bond in the presence of a transition metal catalyst is called hydroformylation or oxo-synthesis. This reaction, discovered by Otto Roelen in 1938 during his investigations about the Fischer–Tropsch reaction, is one of the most important industrial applications of homogeneous catalysis [1].

Tom Gaide, Arno Behr, Andreas J. Vorholt

Chapter 4. Amination of Renewables

Abstract

Aminations are a class of reactions in which an amino group is introduced into a target molecule to form amines or their derivatives. The industrial synthesis of amines is a field with high economic significance for the processing industry covering large-scale applications such as polymers, special chemicals, and pharmaceuticals [1, 2]

S. Fuchs, H. Warmeling, Arno Behr, Andreas J. Vorholt

Chapter 5. Telomerisation of Renewables

Abstract

In homogeneous catalysis, the term telomerisation refers to the dimerisation of 1,3–dienes including an addition of a H–acidic nucleophile.

T. A. Faßbach, Arno Behr, Andreas J. Vorholt

Chapter 6. Oxidation of Renewables

Abstract

Oxygen, one of the most essential elements in nature, plays a key role in chemistry since many chemical structures get their defined functionality through the presence of O-heteroatoms; examples include alcohols, ethers, carbonyl compounds, and most importantly epoxides.

Sabrina Baader, Melanie Kim Müller

Chapter 7. Tandem Reactions with Renewables

Abstract

Tandem catalytic reactions and related processes offer major benefits in comparison with the stepwise synthesis of intermediates and valuable chemicals. Hence, various investigations have been conducted during the last years aiming for the development of selective tandem catalytic systems in numerous chemical disciplines [1‐8]. Generally, in tandem systems, two or more individual chemical transformations are merged together, which minimises on the one hand time and effort.

T. Seidensticker, K. A. Ostrowski, Andreas J. Vorholt

Chapter 8. Continuously Operated Telomerisations with Renewables in Miniplants

Abstract

Process development of new chemicals always starts in the laboratory in discontinuous, i.e. batch experiments.

Arno Behr, Andreas J. Vorholt

Chapter 9. Continuously Operated Cooligomerisation of Fatty Compounds with Ethylene

Abstract

Branched fatty derivatives are particularly used in lubricant industry. Branched fatty derivatives have at least one branching point in the alkyl group resulting in a change of the three-dimensional structure which leads to a molecular angling.

J. Hasselberg, Arno Behr, Andreas J. Vorholt

Chapter 10. Hydroamination and Telomerisation of β-Myrcene

Abstract

In this chapter, the scale-up of the hydroamination (see Chap. 4) and telomerisation (see Chap. 5) of the industrially available renewable resource β-myrcene (hereafter simply called myrcene) from batch to a continuous process is discussed in detail.

T. Färber, Arno Behr, Andreas J. Vorholt

Chapter 11. Continuously Operated Hydroformylation

Abstract

As described in Chap. 3, hydroformylation is one of the most important applications for homogeneous catalysis. Industrial proven processes like the Ruhrchemie/Rhône-Poulenc-Process (RCh-RP) are based on a fossil feedstock mainly producing the linear n-butanal. The use of an aqueous/organic two-phase system leads on the one hand to high selectivities of C₄-aldehydes and on the other hand to a highly efficient recovery of the precious rhodium catalyst complex. This process is not applicable for higher olefins (>C₅) due to their low solubility in the aqueous catalyst phase [1].

J. Dreimann, Arno Behr, Andreas J. Vorholt

Chapter 12. Future Developments in Homogenous Catalysis with Renewables

Abstract

In this book, several recent developments for the usage of renewables with homogeneous catalysis are presented. At the present stage of development, classic homogeneous catalysed reactions, such as hydrogenation, metathesis, hydroformylation, telomerisation, aminations, or oxidations, play a key role.

Arno Behr, Andreas J. Vorholt

Backmatter

Titel: Homogeneous Catalysis with Renewables
verfasst von: Arno Behr
Andreas J. Vorholt
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-54161-7
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-54159-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54161-7

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