Skip to main content

2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

23. How Well Do We Understand the Undrained Strain Softening Response in Soft Sensitive Clays?

verfasst von : V. Thakur, H. P. Jostad, H. A. Kornbrekke, S. A. Degago

Erschienen in: Landslides in Sensitive Clays

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Many geomaterials exhibit a reduction in strength after attaining their peak strength states. This behavior, also known as strain softening, has commonly been attributed to reductions in the cohesion and/or friction angle of the materials. This holds true especially when these strength parameters are evaluated at a very large strain levels. However, for the strain levels achieved by standard undrained triaxial tests on soft sensitive clays show that the friction angle and cohesion of these materials remain almost unchanged, even when they display a significant reduction in post-peak shear strength under undrained condition. In such conditions, the increase in shear-induced pore pressure is observed to be responsible for the observed undrained softening in soft sensitive clays. This paper elaborates on this aspect based on the behavior of soft sensitive Norwegian clays.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Andresen L, Jostad HP (2007) Numerical modelling of failure mechanism in sensitive soft clays – application to offshore geohazards. Offshore Technology Conference, Huston, pp 1–7 Andresen L, Jostad HP (2007) Numerical modelling of failure mechanism in sensitive soft clays – application to offshore geohazards. Offshore Technology Conference, Huston, pp 1–7
Zurück zum Zitat Bernander S (2000) Progressive landslides in long natural slopes. Licentiate thesis, Luleå Bernander S (2000) Progressive landslides in long natural slopes. Licentiate thesis, Luleå
Zurück zum Zitat Berre T (1986) Effect of sampling disturbance on undrained static triaxial tests on plastic Drammen clay, NGI report 56001-3. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo Berre T (1986) Effect of sampling disturbance on undrained static triaxial tests on plastic Drammen clay, NGI report 56001-3. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo
Zurück zum Zitat Berre T, Lunne T, Andersen KA et al (2007) Potential improvements of design parameters by taking block samples of soft marine Norwegian clays. Can Geotech J 44(6):698–716CrossRef Berre T, Lunne T, Andersen KA et al (2007) Potential improvements of design parameters by taking block samples of soft marine Norwegian clays. Can Geotech J 44(6):698–716CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bishop AW (1967) Progressive failure – with special reference to the mechanism causing it. In: Proceedings of the geotechnical conference on shear strength properties of natural soils and rocks, Oslo, pp 142–150 Bishop AW (1967) Progressive failure – with special reference to the mechanism causing it. In: Proceedings of the geotechnical conference on shear strength properties of natural soils and rocks, Oslo, pp 142–150
Zurück zum Zitat Bishop AW (1971) The influence of progressive failure on the choice of the method of stability analysis. Géotechnique 21:168–172CrossRef Bishop AW (1971) The influence of progressive failure on the choice of the method of stability analysis. Géotechnique 21:168–172CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bjerrum L (1955) Stability of natural slopes in quick clay. Géotechnique 5(1):101–119CrossRef Bjerrum L (1955) Stability of natural slopes in quick clay. Géotechnique 5(1):101–119CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bjerrum L (1961) The effective shear strength parameters of sensitive clays. In: Proceedings of the 5th international conference soil mechanics foundation engineering, Paris, pp 23–28 Bjerrum L (1961) The effective shear strength parameters of sensitive clays. In: Proceedings of the 5th international conference soil mechanics foundation engineering, Paris, pp 23–28
Zurück zum Zitat Bromhead EN, Dixon N (1986) The field residual strength of London clay and its correlation with laboratory measurements, especially ring shear tests. Géotechnique 36(3):449–452CrossRef Bromhead EN, Dixon N (1986) The field residual strength of London clay and its correlation with laboratory measurements, especially ring shear tests. Géotechnique 36(3):449–452CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Burland JB (1990) 30th Rankin lecture: on the compressibility and shear strength of natural clays. Géotechnique 40(3):329–378CrossRef Burland JB (1990) 30th Rankin lecture: on the compressibility and shear strength of natural clays. Géotechnique 40(3):329–378CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Burland JB, Rampello S, Georgiannou VN et al (1997) A laboratory study of the strength of four stiff clays. Géotechnique 47(3):491–514CrossRef Burland JB, Rampello S, Georgiannou VN et al (1997) A laboratory study of the strength of four stiff clays. Géotechnique 47(3):491–514CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chandler RJ (1966) The measurement of residual strength in triaxial compression. Géotechnique 16(3):181–186CrossRef Chandler RJ (1966) The measurement of residual strength in triaxial compression. Géotechnique 16(3):181–186CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Eigenbrod KD (1972) Progressive failure in overconsolidated clays and mudstones. PhD thesis, University of Alberta Eigenbrod KD (1972) Progressive failure in overconsolidated clays and mudstones. PhD thesis, University of Alberta
Zurück zum Zitat Fell R, Hungr O, Leroueil S et al (2000) Keynote lecture – geotechnical engineering of the stability of natural slopes, and cuts and fills in soil. In: GeoEng 2000, vol 1, Melbourne, pp 21–120 Fell R, Hungr O, Leroueil S et al (2000) Keynote lecture – geotechnical engineering of the stability of natural slopes, and cuts and fills in soil. In: GeoEng 2000, vol 1, Melbourne, pp 21–120
Zurück zum Zitat Gylland A, Jostad HP, Nordal S (2012) Failure geometry around a shear vane in sensitive clays. In: Proceedings of the 16th Nordic geotechnical meeting, vol 1, Copenhagen, pp 103–110 Gylland A, Jostad HP, Nordal S (2012) Failure geometry around a shear vane in sensitive clays. In: Proceedings of the 16th Nordic geotechnical meeting, vol 1, Copenhagen, pp 103–110
Zurück zum Zitat Hight DW, McMillan F, Powell JM et al (2002) Some characteristics of London Clay. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on characterisation and engineering properties of natural soils, vol 2, pp 851–908 Hight DW, McMillan F, Powell JM et al (2002) Some characteristics of London Clay. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on characterisation and engineering properties of natural soils, vol 2, pp 851–908
Zurück zum Zitat Janbu N (1985) Soil models in offshore engineering. Géotechnique 35(3):241–281CrossRef Janbu N (1985) Soil models in offshore engineering. Géotechnique 35(3):241–281CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jostad HP Andresen L (2002) Bearing capacity analysis of anisotropic and strain softening clays. In: Proceedings of the 8th international symposium NUMOG VIII, pp 469–474 Jostad HP Andresen L (2002) Bearing capacity analysis of anisotropic and strain softening clays. In: Proceedings of the 8th international symposium NUMOG VIII, pp 469–474
Zurück zum Zitat Jostad HP, Andresen L, Thakur V (2006) Calculation of shear band thickness in sensitive clays. In: 6th numerical methods in geotechnical engineering, vol 1, pp 27–32 Jostad HP, Andresen L, Thakur V (2006) Calculation of shear band thickness in sensitive clays. In: 6th numerical methods in geotechnical engineering, vol 1, pp 27–32
Zurück zum Zitat Jostad HP, Fornes P, Thakur V (2013) Effect of strain softening in design of fills in gently inclined areas with soft sensitive clays. In: Advances in natural and technological hazards research. Springer, Quebec city, ISSN: 1878–9897 (Print) 2213–6959 (Online) Jostad HP, Fornes P, Thakur V (2013) Effect of strain softening in design of fills in gently inclined areas with soft sensitive clays. In: Advances in natural and technological hazards research. Springer, Quebec city, ISSN: 1878–9897 (Print) 2213–6959 (Online)
Zurück zum Zitat Karlsrud K, Lunne T, Brattlien K (1996) Improved CPTU interpretation based on block samples. In: Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Geotechnical conference, vol 1, Iceland, pp 195–201 Karlsrud K, Lunne T, Brattlien K (1996) Improved CPTU interpretation based on block samples. In: Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Geotechnical conference, vol 1, Iceland, pp 195–201
Zurück zum Zitat Kenny TC (1967) Slide behavior and shear resistance of a quick clay determined from a study of the landslide at Selnes, Norway. In: Proceedings of the Geotechnical conference, vol 1, Oslo, pp 57–64 Kenny TC (1967) Slide behavior and shear resistance of a quick clay determined from a study of the landslide at Selnes, Norway. In: Proceedings of the Geotechnical conference, vol 1, Oslo, pp 57–64
Zurück zum Zitat Kornbrekke HA (2012) Stability evaluation of Rissa clay slopes based on block samples. Master’s thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Kornbrekke HA (2012) Stability evaluation of Rissa clay slopes based on block samples. Master’s thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Zurück zum Zitat La Gatta DP (1970) Residual strength of clay and clay-shales by rotation shear tests, vol 86, Harvard soil mechanics series. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA La Gatta DP (1970) Residual strength of clay and clay-shales by rotation shear tests, vol 86, Harvard soil mechanics series. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
Zurück zum Zitat Lacasse S, Berre T, Lefebvre T (1985) Block sampling of sensitive clays. In: International conference of soil mechanics and foundation engineering, vol 2, pp 887–892 Lacasse S, Berre T, Lefebvre T (1985) Block sampling of sensitive clays. In: International conference of soil mechanics and foundation engineering, vol 2, pp 887–892
Zurück zum Zitat Lefebvre G (1981) Strength and slope stability in Canadian soft clay deposits. Can Geotech J 18:420–442CrossRef Lefebvre G (1981) Strength and slope stability in Canadian soft clay deposits. Can Geotech J 18:420–442CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Leroueil S (2001) Natural slopes and cuts: movement and failure mechanisms. Géotechnique 51(3):197–243CrossRef Leroueil S (2001) Natural slopes and cuts: movement and failure mechanisms. Géotechnique 51(3):197–243CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Leroueil S, Locat J, Vaunat J et al (1996) Geotechnical characterisation of slope movements. In: Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on landslides, Trondheim, pp 53–74 Leroueil S, Locat J, Vaunat J et al (1996) Geotechnical characterisation of slope movements. In: Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on landslides, Trondheim, pp 53–74
Zurück zum Zitat Lo KY, Lee CF (1973) Analysis of progressive failure in clay slopes. In: Proceedings of the 8th international conference soil mechanics foundation engineering, vol 1, Moscow, pp 251–258 Lo KY, Lee CF (1973) Analysis of progressive failure in clay slopes. In: Proceedings of the 8th international conference soil mechanics foundation engineering, vol 1, Moscow, pp 251–258
Zurück zum Zitat Locat J, Leroueil S (1988) Physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of recent Saguenay Fjord sediments. Can Geotech J 25:382–388CrossRef Locat J, Leroueil S (1988) Physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of recent Saguenay Fjord sediments. Can Geotech J 25:382–388CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Locat A, Leroueil S, Bernander S et al (2008) Study of a lateral spread failure in an eastern Canada clay deposit in relation with progressive failure: the Saint-Barnabé-Nord slide. In: Proceedings of the 4th Canadian conference on geohazards: from causes to management, Quebec, pp 89–96 Locat A, Leroueil S, Bernander S et al (2008) Study of a lateral spread failure in an eastern Canada clay deposit in relation with progressive failure: the Saint-Barnabé-Nord slide. In: Proceedings of the 4th Canadian conference on geohazards: from causes to management, Quebec, pp 89–96
Zurück zum Zitat Long M, El Hadj N, Hagberg K (2009) Quality of conventional fixed piston samples of Norwegian soft clay. ASCE J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 135(2):185–198CrossRef Long M, El Hadj N, Hagberg K (2009) Quality of conventional fixed piston samples of Norwegian soft clay. ASCE J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 135(2):185–198CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lunne T, Lacasse S (1999) Geotechnical characteristics of low plasticity Drammen clay. In: Tsuchida T, Nakase A (eds) International symposium on characterisation of soft marine clays. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 33–56 Lunne T, Lacasse S (1999) Geotechnical characteristics of low plasticity Drammen clay. In: Tsuchida T, Nakase A (eds) International symposium on characterisation of soft marine clays. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 33–56
Zurück zum Zitat Lunne T, Berre T, Strandvik S (1997) Sample disturbance effects in soft low plastic Norwegian clay. In: Proceedings of the conference on recent developments in soil and pavement mechanics, pp 81–102 Lunne T, Berre T, Strandvik S (1997) Sample disturbance effects in soft low plastic Norwegian clay. In: Proceedings of the conference on recent developments in soil and pavement mechanics, pp 81–102
Zurück zum Zitat Lunne T, Berre T, Strandvik S (1999) Sample disturbance effects in soft low plastic Norwegian clay, Publication 204. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo Lunne T, Berre T, Strandvik S (1999) Sample disturbance effects in soft low plastic Norwegian clay, Publication 204. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo
Zurück zum Zitat Lunne T, Berre T, Andersen KH (2006) Effects of sample disturbance and consolidation procedures on measured shear strength of soft marine Norwegian clays. Can Geotech J 43:726–750CrossRef Lunne T, Berre T, Andersen KH (2006) Effects of sample disturbance and consolidation procedures on measured shear strength of soft marine Norwegian clays. Can Geotech J 43:726–750CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lunne T, Berre T, Andersen KH et al (2008) Effects of sample disturbance on consolidation behaviour of soft marine Norwegian clays. In: International conference on site characterization, vol 3, Taipei, pp 1471–1479 Lunne T, Berre T, Andersen KH et al (2008) Effects of sample disturbance on consolidation behaviour of soft marine Norwegian clays. In: International conference on site characterization, vol 3, Taipei, pp 1471–1479
Zurück zum Zitat Lupini JF, Sinner AE, Vaughan PR (1981) The drained residual strength of cohesive soils. Géotechnique 31(2):181–213CrossRef Lupini JF, Sinner AE, Vaughan PR (1981) The drained residual strength of cohesive soils. Géotechnique 31(2):181–213CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mesri G, Huvaj-Sarihan N (2012) Residual shear strength measured by laboratory tests and mobilized in landslides. ASCE J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 138(5):585–593CrossRef Mesri G, Huvaj-Sarihan N (2012) Residual shear strength measured by laboratory tests and mobilized in landslides. ASCE J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 138(5):585–593CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Quinn PE, Diederichs MS, Rowe K et al (2011) A new model for large landslides in sensitive clay using a fracture mechanics approach. Can Geotech J 48(8):1151–1162CrossRef Quinn PE, Diederichs MS, Rowe K et al (2011) A new model for large landslides in sensitive clay using a fracture mechanics approach. Can Geotech J 48(8):1151–1162CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sandven R, Sjursen M (1998) Sample disturbance results from investigations in an over-consolidated clay, ISC’98, vol 1, Atlanta, pp 409–418 Sandven R, Sjursen M (1998) Sample disturbance results from investigations in an over-consolidated clay, ISC’98, vol 1, Atlanta, pp 409–418
Zurück zum Zitat Sandven R, Ørbech T, Lunne T (2004) Sample disturbance in highly sensitive clay. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on geotechnical and geophysical site characterization, pp 1861–1868 Sandven R, Ørbech T, Lunne T (2004) Sample disturbance in highly sensitive clay. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on geotechnical and geophysical site characterization, pp 1861–1868
Zurück zum Zitat Skempton AW (1964) Long-term stability of clay slopes. Géotechnique 14(2):75–102CrossRef Skempton AW (1964) Long-term stability of clay slopes. Géotechnique 14(2):75–102CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Skempton AW (1970) First-time slides in overconsolidated clays. Géotechnique 20(3):320–324CrossRef Skempton AW (1970) First-time slides in overconsolidated clays. Géotechnique 20(3):320–324CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Skempton AW (1977) Slope stability of cuttings in Brown London clay. In: Proceedings of the ninth international conference on soil mechanics foundation engineering, vol 3, Tokyo, pp 261–270 Skempton AW (1977) Slope stability of cuttings in Brown London clay. In: Proceedings of the ninth international conference on soil mechanics foundation engineering, vol 3, Tokyo, pp 261–270
Zurück zum Zitat Stark TD, Contreas IA (1996) Constant volume ring shear apparatus. GTJ 19(1):3–11 Stark TD, Contreas IA (1996) Constant volume ring shear apparatus. GTJ 19(1):3–11
Zurück zum Zitat Stark TD, Eid HT (1994) Drained residual strength of cohesive soils. J Geol Eng 120(5):856–871 Stark TD, Eid HT (1994) Drained residual strength of cohesive soils. J Geol Eng 120(5):856–871
Zurück zum Zitat Tavenas F, Leroueil S (1981) Creep and failure in slopes in clays. Can Geotech J 18(1):106–120CrossRef Tavenas F, Leroueil S (1981) Creep and failure in slopes in clays. Can Geotech J 18(1):106–120CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tavenas F, Flon P, Lerouil S et al (1983) Remolding energy and risk of slide retrogression in sensitive clays. In: Proceedings of the symposium slopes on soft clays, Linköping, pp 423–454 Tavenas F, Flon P, Lerouil S et al (1983) Remolding energy and risk of slide retrogression in sensitive clays. In: Proceedings of the symposium slopes on soft clays, Linköping, pp 423–454
Zurück zum Zitat Taylor DW (1937) Stability of earth slopes. J Boston Soc Civil Eng 24(3):197–246 Taylor DW (1937) Stability of earth slopes. J Boston Soc Civil Eng 24(3):197–246
Zurück zum Zitat Terzaghi K, Peck R (1967) Soil mechanics in engineering practice. Willy, New York Terzaghi K, Peck R (1967) Soil mechanics in engineering practice. Willy, New York
Zurück zum Zitat Thakur V, Nordal S, Jostad HP, Andresen L (2005) Study on pore water pressure dissipation during shear banding in sensitive clays. In: 11th international conference on computer methods and advances in geomechanics, IACMAG, Turino, Italy, 4, pp 289–296 Thakur V, Nordal S, Jostad HP, Andresen L (2005) Study on pore water pressure dissipation during shear banding in sensitive clays. In: 11th international conference on computer methods and advances in geomechanics, IACMAG, Turino, Italy, 4, pp 289–296
Zurück zum Zitat Thakur V (2007) Strain localization in sensitive soft clays. PhD thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Thakur V (2007) Strain localization in sensitive soft clays. PhD thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Zurück zum Zitat Thakur V (2011) Numerically observed shear bands in soft sensitive clays. Int J Geomech Geoeng 6(2):131–146CrossRef Thakur V (2011) Numerically observed shear bands in soft sensitive clays. Int J Geomech Geoeng 6(2):131–146CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thakur V, Degago SA (2012) Quickness of sensitive clays. Géotechnique Lett 2(3):87–95CrossRef Thakur V, Degago SA (2012) Quickness of sensitive clays. Géotechnique Lett 2(3):87–95CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vaughan PR, Walbancke HJ (1973) Pore pressure changes and the delayed failure of cutting slopes in overconsolidated clay. Géotechnique 23(4):531–539CrossRef Vaughan PR, Walbancke HJ (1973) Pore pressure changes and the delayed failure of cutting slopes in overconsolidated clay. Géotechnique 23(4):531–539CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vermeer PA, Vogler U, Septanika EG et al (2004) Modelling strong discontinuities in geotechnical problems. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on continuous and discontinuous modelling of Cohesive Frictional Materials CDM 2004, Stuttgart, pp 381–394 Vermeer PA, Vogler U, Septanika EG et al (2004) Modelling strong discontinuities in geotechnical problems. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on continuous and discontinuous modelling of Cohesive Frictional Materials CDM 2004, Stuttgart, pp 381–394
Zurück zum Zitat Viggiani G, Finno R, Harris W (1994) Experimental observations of strain localisation in plane strain compression of a stiff clay. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Localis and Bifurc theory for soils and rocks, pp 189–198 Viggiani G, Finno R, Harris W (1994) Experimental observations of strain localisation in plane strain compression of a stiff clay. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Localis and Bifurc theory for soils and rocks, pp 189–198
Metadaten
Titel
How Well Do We Understand the Undrained Strain Softening Response in Soft Sensitive Clays?
verfasst von
V. Thakur
H. P. Jostad
H. A. Kornbrekke
S. A. Degago
Copyright-Jahr
2014
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7079-9_23