nach oben

Erschienen in:

2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Human-Induced Biome and Livelihood Security

verfasst von : R. B. Singh, Swarnima Singh

Erschienen in: Livelihood Security in Northwestern Himalaya

Verlag: Springer Japan

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Human beings have achieved ecological dominance through series of long and unprecedented steps and have fundamentally altered biodiversity and ecosystem processes globally as well as locally. This chapter is an attempt to investigate the concept and transformation of human-induced biome. It proposes a dynamic process to investigate the terrestrial biosphere that integrates ecological and man-made system. The terrestrial characterization of human-induced biome is based on provincial, regional, and global patterns, which have been discussed and analysed. Altogether more than 15 human-induced biomes have been grouped into seven broad categories that have been identified in Himachal Pradesh, and it has been found that more than 70 % of land has exhibited direct signs of alteration, less than 25 % is wild land as a result of human dwelling and other land uses, which is just sufficient to sustain 12 % of total terrestrial Net Primary Productivity (NPP).

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Land Use and Cover Change

Nächstes Kapitel Dynamics of Agricultural Production

Ambrosio Flores L, Iglesias Martinez L (2000) Land cover estimation in small areas using ground survey and remote sensing. Remote Sens Environ 74:240–248CrossRef

Bartholomé E, Belward AS, Achard F, Bartalev S, Carmonamoreno C, Eva H, Fritz S, Grégoire J, Mayaux P, Stibig H (2002) GLC 2000, global land cover mapping for the year 2000. Project status November 2002. http://wwwgvm. jrc.it/glc2000/defaultGLC2000.htm. Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy

Clements FE, Shelford VE (1939) Bio-ecology. Wiley, New York

DeFries RS, Asner GP, Houghton RA (2004) Ecosystems and land use change, Geophysical monograph series. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DCCrossRef

Ellis EC (2004) Long-term ecological changes in the densely populated rural landscapes of China. In: DeFries RS, Asner GP, Houghton RA (eds) Ecosystems and land use change. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp 303–320CrossRef

Ellis EC, Ramankutty N (2008) Putting people in the map: anthropogenic biomes of the world. Front Ecol Environ 6:439–447CrossRef

Ellis EC et al (2006) Measuring long-term ecological changes in densely populated landscapes using current and historical high resolution imagery. Remote Sens Environ 100:457–473CrossRef

Ellis EC, Neerchal N, Peng K, Xiao HS, Wang H, Yan Z, Li SC, Wu JX, Jiao JG, Ouyang H, Cheng X, Yang LZ (2009) Estimating long-term changes in China’s village landscapes. Ecosystems 12:279–297CrossRef

Ellis EC, Goldewijk KK, Siebert S, Lightman D, Ramankutty N (2010) Global ecology and biogeography. J Macroecol 19:589–606

FAO (2010) FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy. http://www.fao.org. Accessed Oct 2010

Feddema JJ, Oleson KW, Bonan GB, Mearns LO, Buja LE, Meehl GA, Washington WM (2005) The importance of land-cover change in simulating future climates. Science 310:1674–1678CrossRef

Foley JA, DeFries R, Asner GP, Barford C, Bonan G, Carpenter SR, Chapin FS III, Coe MT, Daily GC, Gibbs HK, Helkowski JH, Holloway T, Howard EA, Kucharik CJ, Monfreda C, Patz JA, Prentice IC, Ramankutty N, Snyder PK (2005) Global consequences of land use. Science 309:570–574CrossRef

Gallego FJ, Delince G, Carfugna E (1994) Two stage area frame on squared segments for farm surveys. Surv Meth 20:107–115

Government of Himachal Pradesh (2005) Economic survey, 2003–04, Himachal Pradesh Department of Economics and Statistics

Government of Himachal Pradesh (2011) State statistical abstract of Himachal Pradesh, 2010–11

Government of Himachal Pradesh (2011) Statistical outline, 2010–11. Himachal Pradesh

Imperial Gazetteer of India (1964) Digital South Asia library. New edition, published under the authority of His Majesty’s secretary of state for India in council, vol 23. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 22–82

IPCC (2007) In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/New York

Klein Goldewijk K, van Drecht G (2006) Contemporary global cropland and grassland distributions on a 5 × 5 minute resolution. J Land Use Sci 2:167–190CrossRef

Livi-Bacci M (2007) A concise history of world population, 4th edn. Blackwell, Oxford

Loveland TR, Reed BC, Brown JF, Ohlen DO, Zhu Z, Yang L, Merchant JW (2000) Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR data. Int J Remote Sensing 21:1303–1330CrossRef

Maddison A (2001) The world economy: a millennial perspective. OECD, ParisCrossRef

McEvedy C, Jones R (1978) World atlas of population history. Penguin, Harmondsworth

MEA (2005) Ecosystems and human well-being: current status and trends. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

Olson DM, Dinerstein E, Wikramanayake ED, Burgess ND, Powell GVN, Underwood EC, D’Amico JA, Itoua I, Strand HE, Morrison JC, Loucks CJ, Allnutt TF, Ricketts TH, Kura Y, Lamoreux JF, Wettengel WW, Hedao P, Kassem KR (2001) Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. BioScience 51:933–938CrossRef

Singh RB, Singh S (2011) AnthroBiome: integrated global climate change modeling. In: Proceeding of the 3rd international Indian geography congress on sustainable natural resource management under changing climatic scenarios, Kozhikode, Kerala, India, vol 1. 6–8 May 2011, pp 95–101

Townshend JRG, Justice CO (1988) Selecting the spatial resolution of satellite sensors required for global monitoring of land transformations. Int J Remote Sensing 9:187–236CrossRef

Willmott CJ, Matsuura K (2001) Terrestrial air temperature and precipitation: monthly and annual climatologies (version 3.02). Accessed 29 Apr 2004

Titel: Human-Induced Biome and Livelihood Security
verfasst von: R. B. Singh
Swarnima Singh
Verlag: Springer Japan
Buch: Livelihood Security in Northwestern Himalaya
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-54867-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-4-431-54868-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54868-3_5

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"