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2019 | Buch

Water Resources and Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in Central Asia Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Hydrology and Limnology of Central Asia

verfasst von: Prof. Jilili Abuduwaili, Dr. Gulnura Issanova, Dr. Galymzhan Saparov

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Buchreihe : Water Resources Development and Management

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

This book highlights the development of lake systems and water reservoirs as well as the impact of climate change on water resources in Central Asian countries. It provides information on the genesis of lake basins, physical and chemical properties of water in lakes, and the hydrological regimes (water balance and fluctuation levels) of lakes of Central Asia and Xinjiang. The book is useful for scientists and researchers whose work focuses on lakes and the use of natural resources, irrigation, hydropower and water supply, as well as for students and planners.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Water Resources and Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in Central Asia
Abstract
Central Asia covers the territory of five countries such as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. It is located in the center of the Eurasian continent with an area of 3,882,000 km2 and with a population of about 55 million people. It borders on Afghanistan and Iran in the south, China in the east, and Russia in the west and north (Grinyayev and Fomin in Actual issues of application of the mechanism of exchange trade for solving water and energy problems of the Central Asia countries. Moscow, 52 p, 2009).
Jilili Abuduwaili, Gulnura Issanova, Galymzhan Saparov
Chapter 2. Water Resources in Kazakhstan
Abstract
The territory of Kazakhstan is 2717.3 thousand km2 and ninth biggest country in the world. It extends from west to east by 2995 km and from north to south by 1600 km. Kazakhstan borders with Russia in the north and west; in the south with Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyz Republics; and with the People’s Republic of China in the southeast (Dzhanalieva et al. in Physical geography of Kazakhstan. Kazak Universiteti, Almaty, p 266, 1998).
Jilili Abuduwaili, Gulnura Issanova, Galymzhan Saparov
Chapter 3. Lakes in Different Regions of Kazakhstan
Abstract
Lakes of Kazakhstan are very numerous. There are 48,262 lakes in size of one hectare and above with a total surface area of 45,002 km2. This list is not included in Caspian and Aral Seas, ponds, reservoirs, and plexus lakes. Small lakes in size <1 km2 are 94, and 10% in by area (Table 3.1). There are 3014 large lakes >1 km2 with an area of 40,769 km2 (90%) (Fig. 3.1). There are 20 lakes larger than 100 km2 and are with an area of 26,886 km2 (Fig. 3.1), which is 59% of the water surface of all lakes. The total volume of water in these natural bodies is 190 km3 (Fig. 3.2).
Jilili Abuduwaili, Gulnura Issanova, Galymzhan Saparov
Chapter 4. Lakes in the Central Kazakhstan
Abstract
The Central Kazakhstan includes the Karagandy region. There are 1910 lakes in Karagandy region with a total area of ​​926 km2 (Fig. 4.1), including 1779 lakes with size less than 1 km2 and takes about 14% of the total area. The hilly relief with a rare low water river network and climate aridity contribute a large number of low-capacity lakes and most of the drainless lakes.
Jilili Abuduwaili, Gulnura Issanova, Galymzhan Saparov
Chapter 5. Morphometry and Genesis of Lakes in Kazakhstan
Abstract
There are 48,262 lakes in Kazakhstan, except the Caspian and Aral Seas, ponds, water reservoirs, and pliable lakes. The size of these lakes from 1 ha and more with a total surface area of 45,002 km2.
Jilili Abuduwaili, Gulnura Issanova, Galymzhan Saparov
Chapter 6. Water Balance and Physical and Chemical Properties of Water in Lakes of Kazakhstan
Abstract
According to the conditions of water exchange, there are differentiated drainage, periodically sewage, sewage, and flowing lakes in the territory of Kazakhstan. Main of them are drainless. The components of the water balance of the drainless lakes (surface runoff, precipitation falling on the surface of the lake, groundwater, filtration, and evaporation) are subject to large intra-annual and long-term changes. They are in conditions of shallow water lead to a characteristic for Kazakhstan in inconstancy level, the drying out of a significant part of the water bodies in summer and autumn seasons, as well as in perennial low-water periods.
Jilili Abuduwaili, Gulnura Issanova, Galymzhan Saparov
Chapter 7. Lake and Sea Basins in Kazakhstan
Abstract
The Aral Sea Basin is located on the territory of Central Asia and in the center of Eurasian continent. Central Asia is a vast and landlocked region in Asia. Despite some uncertainty of its borders, the general characteristics of this region are singled out; in particular, Central Asia has historically been associated with the nomadic peoples inhabiting there and the Great Silk Road. Central Asia has always acted as a place where people, goods, and ideas converged from different ends of the Eurasian continent: Europe, the Middle East, South and East Asia.
Jilili Abuduwaili, Gulnura Issanova, Galymzhan Saparov
Chapter 8. Water Resources and Lakes in Kyrgyzstan
Abstract
The basis of the hydrographic system in Kyrgyzstan is the river systems and water catchments that are separated by watershed mountain ranges from each other (Fig. 8.1). The hydrographic system of river basins is made up of lakes, glaciers, groundwaters, swamps, and wetlands. All of them are products of orography, relief/topography, underlying surface, and climate. They have an interaction and mutual influence and take a direct part in the formation of the water balance of the river flow regime.
Jilili Abuduwaili, Gulnura Issanova, Galymzhan Saparov
Chapter 9. Hydrographical and Physical–Geographical Characteristics of the Issyk-Kul Lake Basin and Use of Water Resources of the Basin, and Impact of Climate Change on It
Abstract
The Issyk-Kul lake basin is located in a vast intermontane basin. Its width in the meridian direction near the Tosor village is 75 km. From here to the east and west, the basin narrows. Its total length from Chaar-Zhon to Kyzyl-Ompol is 240 km.
Jilili Abuduwaili, Gulnura Issanova, Galymzhan Saparov
Chapter 10. Water Resources and Lakes in Uzbekistan
Abstract
There are two river basins in Uzbekistan that form the Aral Sea Basin: The Amudarya and Syrdarya river basins. The Amudarya river basin covers 81.5% of the country’s territory. There are three sections of the river: (1) the upper course flowing along the border with Afghanistan and Tajikistan, where most of the water flow is formed; (2) the middle course, which first passes along the border of Uzbekistan and Afghanistan and then enters Turkmenistan, (3) as well as the lower course passing through the territory from Uzbekistan to the confluence of the Aral Sea.
Jilili Abuduwaili, Gulnura Issanova, Galymzhan Saparov
Chapter 11. Water Resources in Tajikistan
Abstract
There are 1300 natural lakes in Tajikistan, with a total water surface area of 705 km2 and a total volume of about 50 km3.
Jilili Abuduwaili, Gulnura Issanova, Galymzhan Saparov
Chapter 12. Lakes in Arid Regions of Northwest China
Abstract
There are about more than 700 lakes in arid areas of northwest of China, and they are mainly distributed in Xinjiang. There are 29 lakes with size more than 10 km2, of which three lakes are distributed in both inside and outside the boundary of Inner Mongolia, and rest 26 lakes all located in Xinjiang.
Jilili Abuduwaili, Gulnura Issanova, Galymzhan Saparov
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Hydrology and Limnology of Central Asia
verfasst von
Prof. Jilili Abuduwaili
Dr. Gulnura Issanova
Dr. Galymzhan Saparov
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Verlag
Springer Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-13-0929-8
Print ISBN
978-981-13-0928-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0929-8