ICREEM 2022

A Matlab/Simulink-based simulation study of the PV string/array is conducted that focuses on the current parameters. The paper illustrates the variation of current parameters of the PV string and PV array according to two environmental conditions: solar radiation and temperature. The photocurrent of the PV string and current output of the PV array is highly sensitive to the amount of solar radiation while both saturation and reverse saturation currents escalate with the temperature. The percentage of current output reduction is categorized into three groups which correspond to the amount of solar radiation absorbed by the PV array. The simulation results are used as the performance indicator in developing a simple fault detection algorithm.

Black silicon (b-Si) is a nanostructured surface modification with excellent optical properties and is an attractive candidate for optoelectronic applications. In this work, a preliminary simulation study is done to determine the optical properties of b-Si layers on silicon photovoltaic cells for thermophotovoltaic applications. Finite-difference time-domain method was used to simulate the optical responses of b-Si photovoltaic cells. Black silicon nanostructures of about 50 to 650 nm in diameter and 200 to 1800 nm in height were studied. The optical properties improved with decreasing nanostructure diameter and increasing height. The light trapping properties in these nanostructures were discussed and were attributed to the refractive index gradients of the b-Si layer.

Silicon photovoltaic cells have been widely used in harvesting solar energy, and research efforts have driven significant improvements in the efficiencies of the photovoltaic cells. However, research on the application of silicon photovoltaic cells in thermophotovoltaic systems is significantly underdeveloped. In this study, a simulation study was conducted to study the performance of a black silicon photovoltaic cell in thermophotovoltaic applications. The photovoltaic cell was paired with two emitters made of different materials: a 1735 K Yb₂O₃ emitter, and a 1500 K Ta PhC emitter. The results of the simulation showed that when paired with the Yb₂O₃ emitter and the Ta PhC emitter, the cell efficiency was 1.7% and 0.76% respectively. The low efficiency in both was attributed to the limited amount of energy that is available above the band gap of silicon. The simulation results indicate that the Yb₂O₃ yielded better efficiency, as the selectivity of the emitter was better compared to the Ta PhC emitter.

Heat sink is an essential part in the cooling system for electronic operation specifically Central Processing Unit. Various enhancement methods which include metal foam have been studied to improve cooling performance. This study aims to analyze the forced convection of 10 PPI cooper metal foam with various shapes of pin fin (square, triangular, circular, and no-pin) heat sink under dielectric coolant in a range of Reynolds number (Re = 100, 500, 1000, 1500) at heat flux, q, of 100 kW/m². In addition, partial filled metal foam (PFMF) design is implemented to optimize the overall performance of the heat sink as compared to fully filled metal foam (FFMF) design. This numerical study is conducted by developing a 3D model in ANSYS, where accuracy is confirmed through grid independence test and validation. Result shows that the triangular pins model is having highest performance in FFMF while square pins model is the best in PFMF after considering both heat transfer and pressure drop. The reduction of metal foam decreases the friction factor, while drastically decreasing the heat transfer rate of triangular pins and no-pin models. This study serves as a new heat sink design by combining pin and metal foam for augmentation of heat transfer performance in electronic cooling system.

Failure investigation was conducted on magnetic drive centrifugal sealless pumps that had only been in operation for six months and were already struggling to rotate. It was discovered that hydrocarbon sludge and other debris had blocked the lubricating channel, which is meant to provide pathways for cooling and lubricating the inner magnetic and containment shell of the pump. Further investigation revealed service water had contaminated the process fluid, precipitating calcium carbonate upon contact with the amine solution and clogging the flushing line. An additional duplex strainer was installed on the repaired pumps, and adequate precautions were taken to prevent water contamination.

Fiber metal laminate (FML) is a lightweight material with outstanding mechanical properties that combines the benefits of metal laminates and fiber reinforced composites. While weight reduction and higher damage tolerance were the primary drivers to develop these novel materials, they have additional benefits that are becoming more relevant to designers, such as cost savings and improved safety. In this work, the design methodology considers the design of the Airbus A380 wing rib, to investigate the mechanical properties of hybrid fiber-metal-laminate (FML) with different orientations composites. The ultimate tensile strengths and strain at failure of the FML composite with varied ply orientation and laminate layup were also investigated and compared to Aluminum 7449 alloy. GLARE was studied as a unique aircraft material. The results reveal high stress (803.52 MPa) and good fatigue life cycles (80* 103). The simulation studies done by ANSYS for the GLARE 4 and the comparison between the existing material of the rib in the Airbus A380, Aluminum 7449, show that through its unique combination of attributes. The study favors GLARE4 as a replacement material. GLARE 4 is a good material for new generation aircraft wing ribs, according to this study.

Many modern-day applications rely on heat sinks for heat dissipation. Pin fins are one of the heatsinks that are used for cooling and the convection coefficient of a pin fin depends on many parameters that need optimization. The pin fin in its plain form isn’t efficient enough and there are ways to not only enhance its heat transfer rate but also reduce its weight simultaneously. This study aims to geometrically modify a plain pin fin to enhance the effective area for convective heat transfer. This study contains a comprehensive comparison between simple pin fin heatsinks and their corresponding heatsinks with helical-shaped profiles on the outer surface. A helical pattern was made using different pitches 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm and they were tested at air speeds of 2, 4, 6 and 8 m/s. Computational fluid dynamic analysis was performed to measure the performance of heatsinks. The tetrahedral mesh was used for simulation, and it was concluded that the helical fin having a 2 mm pitch performed the best and therefore had the highest convection coefficient of 202.69 W/m²K at 8 m/s airspeed.

Electricity consumption keeps rising every year as the world’s population and economic expansion increase. Conventional energy sources such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas continue to be the most widely used energy sources on the planet. They are used in heating, power generation, and as motor fuel. However, fossil fuels are not a suitable source of energy in the long run since they are depleting rapidly. The conventional energy system is incapable of managing and monitoring energy usage. Most of the research that has been done in the past has been on energy monitoring systems, especially on simulation models where the results obtained do not always match the real-time measurements. Hence, the initial investment in creating solar energy with an IoT system is crucial in order to overcome this issue. This paper is going to present the conceptual design of a sustainable solar photovoltaic (PV) powered corridor lighting system with IoT application. The overall system consists of six major components, which include a solar PV array, an inverter with maximum power point tracking (MPPT), battery storage, load (corridor lighting system), utility supply, and monitoring system. The inverter with MPPT is used to select the types of input for the load, either in PV mode, battery mode or utility mode. There are three switching methods to turn on the load in this design: either via IoT mode, bypass mode, or photocell mode. IoT mode requires internet technology to operate, while bypass mode is performed manually by the users according to their needs. On the other hand, photocell mode will operate based on the ambient light intensity. The proposed design is expected to have positive impacts on the environment, especially on energy usage and sustainability issues.

The performance of energy harvesting nanogenerator based on BaTiO₃-PVDF has been investigated. The as-prepared BaTiO₃-PVDF (BaPV50%), showed a maximum voltage peak to peak of 22 V and a short current of 0.164 nA at an applied force of 15 N, BaPV50% displayed an output energy power of 2.2194 nW and power density of 0.7065 nW/cm². All fabricated energy harvester devices have excellent stability even after a 500 pressing releasing cycle where the output was recorded without any external poling process; indicating that BaPV50%-NG is a promising flexible energy harvester.

The leakages in pipelines have been raising serious environmental concerns; various systems have been developed to detect leakages in a pipeline. Hence, there is a need for early leakage detection, as well as a leakage prevention system. A detailed analysis of two-phase flows using transient modeling prior to leak detection using transient modeling is much required. This paper focuses on validating the two-phase flows using transient modeling with the help of OLGA, a multiphase software. The software was able to validate both steady-state pressure drop calculations and transient simulations in two-phase flows using a black oil model. A pipeline with 18,000 ft length with varying various other parameters such as inlet flow rates, diameters, and Gas Liquid Ratio (GLR) are studied and validated. The validation was based on the study which was analyzed for the purpose of operating and planning of new oil field in Saudi Arabia. The current paper was able to validate the study both in steady-state and transient flow simulations.

The production of sand in unconsolidated reservoirs has always been a problem to tackle where it affects oil production when plugged. With that, sand retention testing has been conducted to select the sand screen based on its performance and permeability. Numerous experimental studies have outlined ways to select the optimal screen size. However, not many numerical studies have been conducted to simulate the experiment as it comes to the limitations of computational power. In this study, it was shown that it is possible to simulate the experimental conditions into the simulation platform and obtain results that would suffice in selecting the screen size with other factors to consider. The results obtained from the experiment were used to compare with the results obtained from the simulation. The obtained numerical simulation results were not accurate as there were several factors to consider, namely the duration of the simulation difference, a comparative study between the particle size distribution of the simulated particles and the actual ceramic beads, and to conduct of an independent mesh study.

This study examined how well wollastonite-filled epoxy composites might predict their density and tensile properties. Micro-composites of epoxy polymer with different loadings (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 wt.%) of wollastonite (CaSiO₃) filler were prepared by the magnetic stirring process. The properties were determined experimentally and modelled using a rule-of-mixture model for density and the Pukanzsky model for tensile strength. Then, the observed densities and tensile strengths were compared to values derived from theoretical models and to values computed using mathematical correlations created with Minitab 17. Over the range of CaSiO₃ levels examined, the predictions made by the models are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Solar thermal power is a promising and rapidly expanding source of carbon-free energy. Analysis and design techniques for solar thermal power generation for the Solar Power Tower (SPT) systems are currently mathematically difficult. We simulated a model of a SPT that advances the simulation of SPT performance by modelling them in Thermolib software. The model in this study simulates SPT with a direct steam generation system with design variables of 0.04 kg/s heat transfer fluid (HTF) flow rate at 6 bar operating pressure using water as HTF. The reaction to varied operating pressure, fluid flow rates, and insolation input has been analysed. The simulation results show that steam will be produced at 1–3 bar with maximum steam quality of 0.06, 0.02 and 0.0015, respectively. Lowering the HTF flow rates to 0.02 and 0.03 kg/s will produce steam with maximum quality of 0.15 and 0.028, respectively. Increasing the amount of heliostat from 15 to 20 in staggered formation results in a 14.5% increase in power received by the receiver, resulting in a maximum steam quality produced of 0.029. The analysis shows that high quality of steam can be achieved with a lower HTF flow rate and pressure, but it compromises the useful energy generated by turbine.

One of the major hurdles for adopting electric vehicles to the masses is their limited range per charge using their energy storage. This even applies to small personal electric transports such as electric scooters, where the relatively small battery size restricts the effective range of the vehicle. Multiple studies have been done to overcome this problem. While this research will attempt to implement a signal limiter from the user input to the control unit, this will reduce the current flow from the battery to the motor, thus in theory, reducing the overall power consumed by the motor, thereby extending the range of the vehicle. By using MATLAB-Simulink software, this study performs simulation of an electric scooter, along with a proposed current limiting mechanism. From the obtained results, it can be observed that proper selection of limit mechanism can increase the electric scooter's operating range, and this work is capable to serve as a benchmark for future conceptual and empirical electric mobility research.

In the process of CO₂ separation from natural gas, research has been done by various parties. Even though they were successful to a certain extent, a far more clear and optimized process is being searched for. In this study, simulation software is used to replicate experimental data. Supersonic nozzles are used, as there is a reduction in the pressure and temperature of the gas when it flows through a converging–diverging nozzle, and the condensation process can take place. The aim of this study is to find a set of parameters that can be used to achieve a higher efficiency in CO₂ condensation. At the conclusion of this study, a sharp pressure drop, of more than 50%, is observed when using lamina flows for both Ideal and Peng-Robinson CO₂. When the K-Epsilon turbulence model is used, the pressure drop is only 25%. CFD simulations were conducted on ANSYS CFX. Past literature has shown how achievable the partial condensation of both natural gas mixtures containing CO₂ and pure CO₂ is.

This paper provides an investigation on the effect of variable inlet guide vane and physical faults on the performance of a three-shaft gas turbine engine at part-load operation. Using the engine manufacturer’s data as input, both design-point and off-design engine performance models have been developed. The model was validated with manufacturer data. Upon validation of the model, the clean engine model was subjected to variable inlet guide vane drift, fouling, and erosion conditions to simulate a degradation state. Two scenarios that cause gas turbine degradation have been considered and simulated: First, how would the combined effect of fouling and variable inlet guide vane drift cause the degradation of the engine performance. Second, how would the combined effect of erosion and variable inlet guide vane drift cause the degradation of the engine performance? The result prevailed that the up-VIGV drift, which is combined fouling and erosion, shows a small deviation because of offsetting the isentropic efficiency drop caused by fouling and erosion. Furthermore, the deviation of performance and output parameters due to the combined faults is discussed following the plots.

A step change is inevitable in maintenance and equipment management strategy to mitigate risk for failures. This paper presents the assessment tool developed based on the statistical approach by the probability analysis to access the reliability and remaining life of heat exchanger tube bundles. The assessment includes data sanitization involving screening, classification and validation of tube testing data. Subsequently, statistical analysis of the probability of failure, remaining life and the risk matrix on the heat exchanger tube bundle are determined. The case study for this paper includes 57 heat exchangers operated in petrochemical plant, with the healthiness of the equipment was assessed and discussed. The findings indicated that 22 (38%) out of 57 heat exchangers required high focus and priority in maintenance plan, cleaning and inspection during next opportunity. The results could be used for inputs in planning schedule for heat exchanger management to ensure effective maintenance strategies to prevent equipment failure.

This study aimed to investigate the corrosion effect of water-in-biodiesel diesel emulsion fuel (W5B5) prepared using three different emulsifiers towards copper. Copper was immersed in W5B5 for 500 h at 25 ℃. For comparison, additional copper coupons were immersed in diesel fuel and biodiesel fuel for 500 h at 25 ℃. The W5B5 consists of 2 vol% of surfactant, 5 vol% of water and 93 vol% of biodiesel diesel fuel blend. The utilized biodiesel diesel fuel blend was B5, which consists of 5 vol% of biodiesel fuel with 95 vol% of diesel fuel. The evaluated emulsifiers were polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR), Xanthan gum, as well as combined Span 80/Tween 80 of equal concentration. Among the performed analysis were mass loss, sedimentation index and total acid number (TAN). Highest corrosion rate was measured for copper exposed to W5B5 prepared with combined Span80/Tween80 followed with W5B5 prepared with PGPR, W5B5 prepared with Xanthan, biodiesel fuel and finally diesel fuel at 0.0011, 0.0009, 0.0007, 0.0006 and 0.0003 mm/yr, respectively. The trend of corrosion rate corroborated with the TAN value. To benefit from the possible reduction in exhaust emission of using water-in-diesel emulsion fuel or water-in-biodiesel diesel emulsion fuel, more studies focusing on formulation of stable emulsion fuel using less acidic emulsifiers and its effect towards compatibility with fuel system metals are required.

Free piston engine linear generator (FPELG) is a novel and promising engine for the next generation of hybrid engines. It has several benefits over conventional engines, including minimal friction, a multi-fuel engine, fewer parts, minimal emissions, and excellent thermal efficiency. FPELG is an engine that lacks a crankshaft, and cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV) is viewed as the critical challenge affecting its stability and performance. Therefore, in the present research, the simulation model of FPELG including two sub-models was developed. The CCV and ignition timing (IG) were proposed as sub-models. The FPELG model was demonstrated and run via MATLAB/Simulink. The experimental data were used to validate the model. The validation results indicate that the error was about 5% for the most of cycles, which is within an acceptable range, indicating that the model is valid for accurately predicting future outcomes. Analysis of the simulation model's result showed that the CCV occurs when certain parameters vary during engine running, one of which is the IG variation. Two scenarios were executed for the IG variation in order that CCV variation could be generated using IG variation. In the first scenario where IG occurs after top dead centre (TDC), the modeling results indicated the formation of two peaks and low in-cylinder pressure. While in the second scenario which involves IG occurring early before TDC, the single peak shape and high in-cylinder pressure were produced. Therefore, the IG significantly impacts on combustion characteristics, which is reflecting on the stability and performance of the FPELG. Therefore, further investigation into the effect of the ignition timing on the combustion characteristics is required. In addition, the optimal IG and control of IG are required for achieving high engine performance with stability, this could be achieved in our next work.

The corrosion behavior of stainless steel SS304 was investigated in three major aqueous environments, namely, dry, water-saturated, and free-water conditions, and in two different methanol environments, namely, dry and water-saturated environments with 99% methanol + 1% water. In all the experiments, hydrogen chloride gas was generated through the reaction between sulfuric acid and sodium chloride. An inert carrier gas such as argon then pushed the hydrogen chloride gas to flow over desiccants to make the latter dry. The dry hydrogen chloride gas would then flow into the second flask to which a pre-weighted stainless-steel specimen was exposed at ambient conditions for 48 h. The specimen was retrieved and subjected to surface and chemical analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/EDAX. The presence of chloride would affirm the adsorption of chloride ions on the metal surface and vice versa. The specimen was then weighted to determine corrosion rate. The results suggested that stainless steel would not corrode in dry hydrogen chloride gas. However, when saturated with moisture, its corrosion rate would increase by about one order of magnitude. In free-water environment, corrosion rate would basically triple. This was because hydrogen chloride gas would react with moisture or water, turning into hydrochloric acid. Being a reducing acid, hydrochloric acid would attack the Cr₂O₃ layer, leading to general and/or localized corrosion. The presence of methanol seems to have increased the corrosion rate of stainless steels by a factor of three to four.

Natural fibre-reinforced polymer is gaining attraction in automotive industry recently due to environmental concerns. It is also driven by the need to manufacture lightweight and fuel-efficient vehicles. Herein, empty fruit bunch/chitosan reinforced with graphene oxide (EFB/C/GO) composite’s properties were investigated. The developed EFB/C/GO through hot compression moulding shows good dispersion of fillers with the presence of voids on the surface. Functional groups were also observed in the FTIR analysis. The tensile strength analysis shows the EFB/C/GO registered lower value (11.42 MPa) as compared to EFB/C composite (31.19 MPa). However, the elastic modulus is more than 340 times larger as compared to EFB/C. The Rockwell hardness of EFB/C/GO is also four times higher than the EFB/C composite. This indicates EFB/C/GO has a higher resistance to change in shape but brittle while EFB/C is stiffer and ductile with lower resistance to shape changes.

Petroleum refineries are complicated systems that undertake many phases of operation at a high-risk level. Over the years, major accidents in petroleum refineries led to the loss of billions of dollars, impacting asset damage, production loss and harm to the environment. Hence, it is crucial to be taken care of because of the significant impact on operational and maintenance expenditure spending, such as Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operating Expenditure (OPEX). Therefore, a thorough approach is required for the safe operation of the refinery. The objective of this study is to evaluate, identify the failure and develop a corrosion management framework for the high pressure superheated steam section (HPSS2, convection section) of Ethylene Crack Gas Furnace 3 known as F-1303 in Olefins Plant, PCG Kerteh Integrated Petrochemical Complex, Terengganu. This study analyzes the failure of furnace convection coil through the material’s microstructure by using several mechanical testing methods, such as metallurgical examination, chemical analysis, hardness testing and tensile testing to evaluate the damage mechanism. It is followed by a development of a framework with the detection of all possible threats, consequences and recovery plan. This will reduce the high risk of equipment failure and sustain the asset integrity of furnace convection coil.

We reported first-principle calculations on the structural and electronic properties of layered sodium iron(II) hydroxysulfate, NaFeSO₄OH as a potential cathode for sodium-ion battery. Layered NaFeSO₄OH was virtually derived from the experimentally reported layered LiFeSO₄OH by replacing Li with Na. A redox voltage of 3.00 V was computed along with the theoretical capacity of 140 mAh/g, yielding an energy density of 420 Wh/kg. The electronic band gap is predicted to be similar to the Li counterpart of the material. This material has some valuable positive attributes, including high capacity and energy density, sturdy host structure as well as being made up of abundant elements.

In this study, corrosion rates of carbon steel in hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) and carbon dioxide (CO₂)–H₂S condition are reported from Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements and potentiodynamic polarization. The electrochemical measurement method has been utilized in monitoring the behaviour of carbon steel in 0.01 M H₂SO₄ solution containing different concentrations of H₂S. As the concentration of H₂S increases, the corrosion rate of the carbon steel also increases. This is due to the fact that the hydrogen evaluation reaction has been encouraged as the H₂S accelerated in proportional of H₂S concentration. On the other hand, under CO₂–H₂S condition it shows a different trend compared to the H₂S-only condition. As the concentration of H₂S increases, the corrosion rate decreased.

Green manufacturing is the concept of maximizing the productivity along with keeping healthy environment and strong economy by less material waste and preserving the resources. Friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) is the subdivision of additive manufacturing and lies in the category of sheet lamination (SL) according to the ASTM F2792. This additive technique is considered a competent candidate for sustainable manufacturing because of producing high-performance structural part with minimal material waste and utilizing less energy without generating fumes as compared to the existing fusion-based additive manufacturing techniques. In FSAM, mechanical properties and microstructure are based on the heat input and material mixing. These two inputs are commonly controlled with rotation speed (rpm), transverse speed (mm/min), plunge depth, tool geometry, and material to be processed. Therefore, in this study, an attempt is done to fabricate aluminum 5083 build of three plates at different rotation speeds (600, 800, 1000 rpm) and transverse speed of 20 mm/min, 30 rev/min. Defects originates, and microhardness of buildup plates were investigated in the build direction. Tunnel, groove, and incomplete stacking defects were noticed in the middle of joining track as compared to the beginning of the joining track. Maximum hardness of 90.9 HV found at 1000 rpm and 20 mm/min and overall, 1.83% hardness decreased in the process which may be improved by selecting optimized process parameters like rotation speed, tilt angle, transverse speed, etc. Further deep research is ongoing to explore the optimized set of process parameter window for preferable microstructure and mechanical properties.

The oil and gas sectors employ pumps extensively. The dependability and good operation of the pumps contribute significantly to the manufacturing line’s efficiency. Nevertheless, breakdowns can occur for a variety of causes, and a single failure can result in severe production delays and economic losses. Therefore, it is of the highest importance to anticipate future errors and swiftly address their root causes. Traditional pump maintenance and fault detection methods are ineffective in detecting possible defects. However, with the rapid rise of industry 4.0, the growing use of sensors, and the use of artificial intelligence techniques, smart plants may automate their operations to greatly enhance their efficiency and quality of output. Given that, Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) is essential for optimal machine performance. Meanwhile, Predictive Maintenance (PdM) is an emerging topic within maintenance methodologies with the objective of predicting failure prior to its occurrence in order to schedule maintenance only when it is necessary. These solutions have benefited pump maintenance decision-making by addressing complexity issues, reducing downtime, enhancing overall reliability, and reducing pump operating costs. This study examines the use of the classification learner to predict pump failure. The vibration sensor data for the pump were employed for prediction in the MATLAB software using the classification learner machine learning method. According to the dataset, the variable of interest is the machine status, which is categorized as normal, broken, and recovering. On the basis of the confusion matrix and the evaluation of the true positive rate (TPR), the false negative rate (FNR), the positive predicted values (PPV), and the false discovery value, the actual result was anticipated (FDR). The experimental result reveals that the accuracy of the training model was 91.94%, whereas the accuracy of the testing model was 74.4%.

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have garnered widespread attention as tailorable, made-for-purpose smart reactive materials with the capability to maintain a temporary shape, and ability to return to their original shape when subjected to external stimuli. This article presents an overview on the landscape of SMPs based on the analysis on market survey, benchmarking activity, and records of intellectual property (IP). Market analysis for global SMPs was conducted by Mordor Intelligence for conjecture time frame of 2022–2030. The records on IP for SMPs were obtained from Derwent Innovation, while the data for commercially available SMP products were obtained based on published information. Market analysis revealed that SMP has about USD 1.6 billion market size in 2030 at compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17.4%, with healthcare dominates the SMP-based market at 40–50% market share, followed by electronics and aerospace at 17%, and textile at 6%. This finding is coherent to the outcomes of IP analysis where medical/healthcare-related segment has the highest IP records (52% of total IPs). A selected overview on SMP properties such as mechanical performance, shape fixity, and recovery when subjected to thermal stimuli is also presented in this paper. Challenges and prospects for SMPs are also outlined. This review could provide insights on designing and fabrication of SMP products such that they are in line with market trend, demands, and requirements.

Prescriptive analytics is a novel maintenance approach by recommending the maintainer, the right maintenance action at the right time through prioritization of maintenance based on the dynamic risk assessment. It assists in improving the existing preventive maintenance approach by offering a dynamic maintenance plan based on risk or risk-based maintenance scheduling. To date, there is no clear definition of risk-based maintenance as well as its framework, and its application has not been applied extensively in naval domain, which is peculiar due to its function-system relationship compared to the plant maintenance. This paper applies risk-based maintenance decision-making framework in naval domain using prescriptive analytics for optimal maintenance scheduling to improve asset availability and reduce maintenance costs while meeting stakeholders’ expectations. Objectives and considerations in the case study are also defined for peculiarities application of naval vessels. The novel dynamic risk-based maintenance methodology also aims to improve the effectiveness of the current preventive maintenance practice and the inconsistency issue of the existing maintenance decision-making model using the expert judgment in reliability-centered maintenance.