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Erschienen in:
2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
11. Implementing Resource Efficiency in Europe – Overview of Policies, Instruments and Targets in 32 European Countries
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Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of national approaches to material resource efficiency and the circular economy in 32 European countries. It is based on a detailed survey carried out by the European Environment Agency (EEA) and its Eionet network in the second half of 2015.
The chapter explores similarities and differences in policies and strategies adopted by the countries, policy drivers, priority resources and sectors, policy objectives as well as targets, indicators and institutional set-up. To provide the context for country-level information, the chapter includes a short overview of the evolution of the EU regulatory framework in this policy area.
The analysis covers material resources (rather than the more broadly defined natural resources) as well as those initiatives which countries take to close material loops in the circular economy.
A selection of specific country examples is presented to illustrate the wide variety of national approaches. Many more examples are included in the June 2016 EEA report “More from less – material resource efficiency in Europe”, which serves as the basis for this chapter. All national examples are described in more detail in the 32 detailed country profiles published alongside the main report.