Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. In-Situ Neutron Diffraction Experiments

verfasst von : Stephen Hull

Erschienen in: Electro-Chemo-Mechanics of Solids

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Neutron powder diffraction has been extensively used to probe the structure-property relationships within materials of technological importance in the fields of energy production and storage. Typically, these exploit the sensitivity of the neutron technique to the locations of light elements such as hydrogen, lithium and oxygen in the presence of heavier species. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the development of in-situ methods. These include electrochemical cells to allow time-resolved diffraction studies of battery electrode materials to be performed during charge-discharge cycling and facilities to study oxide-ion conducting ceramic electrolytes under temperature and atmosphere conditions experienced within solid oxide fuel cells. This chapter provides a brief introduction to the diffraction technique, neutron instrumentation and in-situ methods, followed by a summary of recent studies in the fields of battery and fuel cell research.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel In Situ High-Temperature X-ray Diffraction of Thin Films: Chemical Expansion and Kinetics
Nächstes Kapitel In Situ Wafer Curvature Relaxation Measurements to Determine Surface Exchange Coefficients and Thermo-chemically Induced Stresses
Fußnoten
1
There are exceptions to this categorisation of reactor- and accelerator-based sources as continuous and pulsed, respectively, such as the continuous neutron source at the SINQ accelerator of the Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland and the IBR-2 pulsed reactor operated at the Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Dubna, Russia.
 
Literatur
1.
Dinnebier, R. E. (2008). Powder diffraction: Theory and practice. London, U.K.: Royal Society of Chemistry.
2.
Kisi, E. H., & Howard, C. J. (2012). Applications of neutron powder diffraction. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press.
3.
David, W. I. F., Shankland, K., McCusker, L. B., & Baerlocher, C. (2006). Structure determination from powder diffraction data. Oxford, U.S.A: Oxford University Press.
4.
Will, G. (2010). Powder diffraction: The Rietveld method and the two stage method to determine and refine crystal structures from powder diffraction data (2010).
5.
Jenkins, R., & Snyder, R. L. (1996). Introduction to X-ray powder diffractometry. New York: Wiley.
6.
Wilson, A. J. C. (1995). International tables for crystallography, Vol. C: Mathematical, physical and chemical tables. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
7.
Stout, G. H., & Jensen, L. H. (1989). X-ray structure determination. A practical guide. New York: Wiley.
8.
Egami, T., & Billinge, S. J. L. (2003). Underneath the Bragg peaks. Structural analysis of complex materials. Pergamon.
9.
Nield, V. M., & Keen, D. A. (2000). Diffuse neutron scattering from crystalline materials. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10.
Rietveld, H. M. (1969). A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 2, 65–71.
11.
Young, R. A. (1995). The Rietveld method. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
12.
Duke, P. (2000). Synchrotron radiation. Production and properties. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
13.
Hofmann, A., & Ericson, T. (2004). The physics of synchrotron radiation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
14.
Ōnuki, H., & Elleaume, P. (2003). Undulators, wigglers, and their applications. Routledge: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
15.
Willis, B. T. M., & Carlile, C. J. (2009). Experimental neutron scattering. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
16.
Lovesey, S. W. (1986). Theory of neutron scattering from condensed matter. I. Nuclear scattering (Vol. 1). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
17.
Lovesey, S. W. (1986). Theory of neutron scattering from condensed matter. II. Polarization effects and magnetic scattering (Vol. 1). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
18.
Willis, B. T. M. (Ed.). (1973). Chemical applications of thermal neutron scattering. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
19.
Windsor, C. G. (1981). Pulsed neutron scattering. New York: Wiley.
20.
Sears, V. F. (1992). Neutron scattering lengths and cross sections. Neutron News, 3, 26–37.
21.
Nazri, G.-A., & Pistoia, G. (2009). Lithium batteries. Science and technology. Berlin: Springer.
22.
van Schalkwijk, W., & Scrosati, B. (2002). Advances in lithium-ion batteries. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic (2002).
23.
Whittingham, M. S. (2004). Lithium batteries and cathode materials. Chemical Reviews, 104, 4271–4302.
24.
Fergus, J. W. (2006). Electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources, 162, 30–40.
25.
Ishihara, T., Sammes, N. M., & Yamamoto, O. (2003). Electrolytes. In S. C. Singhal & K. Kendall (Eds.), High temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Fundamentals, design and applications. Oxford: Elsevier.
26.
Dell, R. M., & Rand D. A. J. (2001). Understanding batteries. London: Royal Society of Chemistry.
27.
Johnson, B. A., & White, R. E. (1998). Characterization of commercially available lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 70, 48–54.
28.
Karden, E., Ploumen, S., Fricke, B., Miller, T., & Snyder, K. (2007). Energy storage devices for future hybrid electric vehicles. Journal of Power Sources, 168, 2–11.
29.
Tollefson, J. (2008). Car industry: Charging up the future. Nature, 456, 436–440.
30.
Bates, J. B., Dubney, N. J., Neudecker, B., Ueda, A., & Evans, C. D. (2000). Thin-film lithium and lithium-ion batteries. Solid State Ionics, 135, 33–45.
31.
Bruce, P. G., Cahn, R., Bagshaw, N. E., & Hamnett, A. (1996). Rechargeable lithium batteries. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A, 354, 1577–1594.
32.
Delmas, C., Ménétrier, M., Croguennec, L., Levasseur, S., Pérès, J. P., Pouillerie, C., et al. (1999). Lithium batteries: A new tool in solid state chemistry. International Journal of Inorganic Materials, 1, 11–19.
33.
Goodenough, J. B., & Kim, Y. (2010). Challenges for rechargeable Li batteries. Chemistry of Materials, 22, 587–603.
34.
Nishi, Y. (2001). Lithium ion secondary batteries. Past 10 years and the future. Journal of Power Sources, 100, 101–106.
35.
Owen, J. R. (1997). Rechargeable lithium batteries. Chemical Society Reviews, 26, 259–267.
36.
Palacín, M. R. (2009). Recent advances in rechargeable battery materials: A chemist’s perspective. Chemical Society Reviews, 38, 2565–2575.
37.
Scrosati, B., & Garche, J. (2010). Lithium batteries: Status, prospects and future. Journal of Power Sources, 195, 2419–2430.
38.
Tarascon, J. M., & Armand, M. (2001). Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries. Nature, 414, 359–367.
39.
Harks, P. P. R. M. L., Mulder, F. M., & Notten, P. H. L. (2015). In-situ methods for Li-ion battery research: A review of recent developments. Journal of power sources, 288, 92–105.
40.
Kearley, G. J., & Peterson, V. K. (2015). Neutron applications in materials for energy. Berlin: Springer.
41.
Hansen, T. C., Kohlmann, H., & Anorg, Z. (2014). Chemical reactions followed by in-situ neutron powder diffraction. Allgemeine Chemie, 640, 3044–3063.
42.
Biendicho, J. J., Roberts, M., Offer, C., Noréus, D., Widenkvist, E., Smith, R. I., et al. (2014). New in-situ neutron diffraction cell for electrode materials. Journal of Power Sources, 248, 900–904.
43.
Gummow, R. J., de Kock, A., & Thackeray, M. M. (1994). Improved capacity retention in rechargeable 4V lithium/lithium manganese oxide (spinel) cells. Solid State Ionics, 69, 59–67.
44.
Guyomard, D., & Tarascon, J. M. (1992). Li metal free rechargeable LiMn2O4/Carbon cells: Their understanding and optimization. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 139, 937–948.
45.
Guyomard, D., & Tarascon, J. M. (1994). The carbon/Li1+x Mn2O4 system. Solid State Ionics, 69, 222–237.
46.
Tarascon, J. M., & Guyomard, D. (1991). Li metal free rechargeable batteries based on Li1+x Mn2O4 cathodes (0≤x≤1 and carbon anodes. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 138, 2864–2868.
47.
Tarascon, J. M., & Guyomard, D. (1993). The Li1+x Mn2O4/C rocking chair system: A review. Electrochimica Acta, 38, 1221–1231.
48.
Tarascon, J. M., Wang, E., Shokoohi, F. K., McKinnon, W. R., & Colson, S. (1991). The spinel phase of LiMn2O4 as a cathode in secondary lithium cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 138, 2859–2864.
49.
Thackeray, M. M. (1995). Structural considerations of layered and spinel lithiated oxides for lithium ion batteries. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 142, 2558–2563.
50.
Thackeray, M. M. (1997). Manganese oxides for lithium batteries. Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 25, 1–71.
51.
Thackeray, M. M. (1999). Spinel electrodes for lithium batteries. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 82, 3347–3354.
52.
Thackeray, M. M., de Kock, A., Rossouw, M. H., Liles, D., Bittihn, R., & Hoge, D. (1992). Spinel electrodes from the Li-Mn-O system for rechargeable lithium battery applications. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 139, 363–366.
53.
Thackeray, M. M., Johnson, P. J., de Picciotto, L. A., Bruce, P. G., & Goodenough, J. B. (1984). Electrochemical extraction of lithium from LiMn2O4. Materials Research Bulletin, 19, 179–187.
54.
Bergstöm, Ö., Andersson, A. M., Edström, K., & Gustafsson, T. (1998). A neutron diffraction cell for studying lithium-insertion processes in electrode materials. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 31, 823–825.
55.
Berg, H., Rundlöv, H., & Thomas, J. O. (2001). The LiMn2O4 to λ-MnO2 phase transition studied by in-situ neutron diffraction. Solid State Ionics, 144, 65–69.
56.
Berg, H., & Thomas, J. O. (1999). Neutron diffraction study of electrochemically delithiated LiMn2O4 spinel. Solid State Ionics, 126, 227–234.
57.
Bianchini, M., Leriche, J. B., Laborier, J.-L., Gendrin, L., Suard, E., Croguennec, L., et al. (2013). A new null matrix electrochemical cell for Rietveld refinements of in-situ or operando neutron powder diffraction data. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 160, A2176–A2183.
58.
Bianchini, M., Suard, E., Croguennec, L., & Masquelier, C. (2014). Li-rich Li1+x Mn2−x O4 spinel electrode materials: An operando neutron diffraction study during Li+ extraction/insertion. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 118, 25947–25955.
59.
Vadlamani, B., An, K., Jagannathan, M., & Ravi Chandran, K. S. (2014). An in-situ electrochemical cell for neutron diffraction studies of phase transitions in small volume electrodes of Li-ion batteries. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 161, A1731–A1741.
60.
Sharma, N., Reddy, M. V., Du, G. D., Adams, S., Chowdari, B. V. R., Guo, Z. P., et al. (2011). Time dependent in-situ neutron diffraction investigation of a Li(Co0.16Mn1.84)O4 cathode. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 115, 21473–21480.
61.
Pang, W. K., Sharma, N., Peterson, V. K., Shiu, J.-J., & Wu, S.-H. (2014). In-situ neutron diffraction study of the simultaneous structural evolution of a LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode and a Li4Ti5O12 anode in a LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4║Li4Ti5O12 full cell. Journal of Power Sources, 246, 464–472.
62.
Bronger, W., Bade, H., Klemm, W., & Anorg, Z. (1964). Note on the alkali metal nickelates. Allgemeine Chemie, 333, 188–200.
63.
Broussely, M., Perton, F., Biensan, P., Bodet, J. M., Labat, J., Lecerf, A., et al. (1995). Li x NiO2, a promising cathode for rechargeable lithium batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 54, 109–114.
64.
Dahn, J. R., von Sacken, U., & Michal, C. A. (1990). Structure and electrochemistry of Li1±y NiO2 and a new Li2NiO2 phase with the Ni(OH)2 structure. Solid State Ionics, 44, 87–97.
65.
Dyer, L. D., Borie, B. S., & Smith, G. P. (1954). Alkali metal nickel oxides of the type MNiO2. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 76, 1499–1503.
66.
Ebner, W., Fouchard, D., & Xie, L. (1994). The LiNiO2/carbon lithium-ion battery. Solid State Ionics, 69, 238–256.
67.
Goodenough, J. B., Wickham, D. G., & Croft, W. J. (1958). Some magnetic and crystallographic properties of the system Li x +Ni1−2x ++Ni x +++O. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 5, 107–116.
68.
Ohzuku, T., Ueda, A., & Nagayama, M. (1993). Electrochemistry and structural chemistry of LiNiO2 (R-3m) for 4 volt secondary lithium cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 140, 1862–1870.
69.
Thomas, M. G. S. R., David, W. I. F., Goodenough, J. B., & Groves, P. (1985). Synthesis and structural characterisation of the normal spinel LiNi2O4. Materials Research Bulletin, 20, 1137–1146.
70.
Rosciano, F., Holzapfel, M., Scheifele, W., & Novák, P. (2008). A novel electrochemical cell for in-situ neutron diffraction studies of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 41, 690–694.
71.
Amatucci, G. G., Tarascon, J. M., & Klein, L. C. (1996). CoO2, the end member of the Li x CoO2 solid solution. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 143, 1114–1123.
72.
Mizushima, K., Jones, P. C., Wiseman, P. J., & Goodenough, J. B. (1980). Li x CoO2 (0<x≤1): A new cathode material for batteries of high energy density. Materials Research Bulletin, 15, 783–789.
73.
Ohzuku, T., & Ueda, A. (1994). Solid state redox reactions of LiCoO2 (R-3m) for 4 volt secondary cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 141, 2972–2977.
74.
Ohzuku, T., Ueda, A., & Kouguchi, M. (1995). Synthesis and characterization of LiAl1/4Ni3/4O2 (R-3m) for lithium-ion (shuttlecock) batteries. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 142, 4033–4039.
75.
Reimers, J. N., & Dahn, J. R. (1992). Electrochemical and in-situ X-ray diffraction studies of lithium intercalation in Li x CoO2. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 139, 2091–2097.
76.
Garcia, B., Barboux, P., Ribot, F., Kahn-Harari, A., Mazerolles, L., & Baffier, N. (1995). The structure of low temperature crystallized LiCoO2. Solid State Ionics, 80, 111–118.
77.
Gummow, R. J., Liles, D. C., & Thackeray, M. M. (1993). Spinel versus layered structures for lithium cobalt oxide synthesised at 400°C. Materials Research Bulletin, 28, 235–246.
78.
Gummow, R. J., Liles, D. C., Thackeray, M. M., & David, W. I. F. (1993). A reinvestigation of the structures of lithium cobalt oxides with neutron diffraction data. Materials Research Bulletin, 28, 1177–1184.
79.
Gummow, R. J., & Thackeray, M. M. (1992). Lithium cobalt nickel oxide cathode materials prepared at 400°C for rechargeable lithium batteries. Solid State Ionics, 53, 681–687.
80.
Gummow, R. J., Thackeray, M. M., David, W. I. F., & Hull, S. (1992). Structure and electrochemistry of lithium cobalt oxide synthesized at 400°C. Materials Research Bulletin, 27, 327–337.
81.
Rossen, E., Reimers, J. N., & Dahn, J. R. (1993). Synthesis and electrochemistry of spinel LT-LiCoO2. Solid State Ionics, 62, 53–60.
82.
Shao-Horn, Y., Hackney, S. A., Johnson, C. S., Kahaian, A. J., & Thackeray, M. M. (1998). Structural features of low-temperature LiCoO2 and acid-delithiated products. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 140, 116–127.
83.
Sharma, N., Peterson, V. K., Elcombe, M. M., Avdeev, M., Studer, A. J., Blagojevic, N., et al. (2010). Structural changes in a commercial lithium-ion battery during electrochemical cycling: An in-situ neutron diffraction study. Journal of Power Sources, 195, 8258–8266.
84.
Senyshyn, A., Mühlbauer, M. J., Dolotko, O., Hofmann, M., Pirling, T., & Ehrenberg, H. (2014). Spatially resolved in-operando neutron scattering studies on Li-ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 245, 678–683.
85.
Senyshyn, A., Muhlbauer, M. J., Nikolowski, K., Pirling, T., & Ehrenberg, H. (2012). In-operando neutron scattering studies on Li-ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 203, 126–129.
86.
Rodriguez, M. A., Ingersoll, D., Vogel, S. C., & Williams, D. J. (2004). Simultaneous in situ neutron diffraction studies of the anode and cathode in a lithium-ion cell. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 7, A8–A10.
87.
Dolotko, O., Senyshyn, A., Muhlbauer, M. J., Nikolowski, K., Scheiba, F., & Ehrenberg, H. (2012). Fatigue process in Li-ion cells: An in situ combined neutron diffraction and electrochemical study. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 159, A2082–A2088.
88.
Ohzuku, T., & Makimura, Y. (2001). Layered lithium insertion material of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 for lithium-ion batteries. Chemistry Letters, 7, 642–643.
89.
Thackeray, M. M., Kang, S.-H., Johnson, C. S., Vaughey, J. T., Benedek, R., & Hackney, S. A. (2007). Li2MnO3-stabilized LiMO2 (M=Mn, Ni, Co) electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 17, 3112–3125.
90.
Lu, Z. H., & Dahn, J. R. (2002). Understanding the anomalous capacity of Li/Li[Ni x Li(1/3−2x/3)Mn(2/3−x/3]O2 cells using in situ X-ray diffraction and electrochemical studies. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 149, A815–A822.
91.
Johnson, C. S., Kim, J. S., Lefief, C., Li, N., Vaughey, J. T., & Thackeray, M. M. (2004). The significance of the Li2MnO3 component in ‘composite’ xLi2MnO3·(1−x)LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 electrodes. Electrochemistry Communications, 6, 1085–1091.
92.
Liu, H., Fell, C. R., An, K., Cai, L., & Meng, Y. S. (2013). In-situ neutron diffraction study of the xLi2MnO3·(1−x)LiMO2 (x=0, 0.5; M=Ni, Mn, Co) layered oxide compounds during electrochemical cycling. Journal of Power Sources, 240, 772–778.
93.
Dolotko, O., Senyshyn, A., Mühlbauer, M. J., Nikolowski, K., & Ehrenberg, H. (2014). Understanding structural changes in NMC Li-ion cells by in-situ neutron diffraction. Journal of Power Sources, 255, 197–203.
94.
Li, J., Petibon, R., Glazier, S., Sharma, N., Pang, W. K., Peterson, V. K., et al. (2015). In-situ neutron diffraction study of a high voltage Li(Ni0.42Mn0.42Co0.16)O2/graphite pouch cell. Electrochimica Acta, 180, 234–240.
95.
Liu, H., Chen, Y., Hy, S., An, K., Venkatachalam, S., Qian, D., Zhang, M., & Meng, Y. S. (2016). Operando lithium dynamics in the Li-rich layered oxide cathode material via neutron diffraction. Advanced Energy Materials, 1502143.
96.
Padhi, A. K., Nanjundaswamy, K., & Goodenough, J. B. (1997). Phospho-olivines as positive electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 144, 1188–1194.
97.
Yamada, A., Hosoya, M., Chung, S. C., Kudo, Y., Hinokuma, K., Liu, K. Y., et al. (2003). Olivine-type cathodes: Achievements and problems. Journal of Power Sources, 119–121, 232–238.
98.
Yamada, A., Koizumi, H., Nishimura, S.-I., Sonoyama, N., Kanno, R., Yonemura, M., et al. (2006). Room temperature miscibility gap in Li x FePO4. Nature Materials, 5, 357–360.
99.
Sharma, N., & Peterson, V. K. (2012). In-situ neutron powder diffraction studies of lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 16, 1849–1856.
100.
Roberts, M., Biendicho, J. J., Hull, S., Beran, P., Gustafsson, T., Svensson, G., et al. (2013). Design of a new lithium ion battery test cell for in-situ neutron diffraction measurements. Journal of Power Sources, 226, 249–255.
101.
Hu, C.-W., Sharma, N., Chiang, C.-Y., Su, H.-C., Peterson, V. K., Hsieh, H.-W., et al. (2013). Real-time investigation of the structural evolution of electrodes in a commercial lithium-ion battery containing a V-added LiFePO4 cathode using in-situ neutron powder diffraction. Journal of Power Sources, 244, 158–163.
102.
Bobrikov, I. A., Balagurov, A. M., Hu, C.-W., Lee, C.-H., Chen, T.-Y., Deleg, S., et al. (2014). Structural evolution of LiFePO4-based battery materials: In-situ and ex-situ time-of-flight neutron diffraction study. Journal of Power Sources, 258, 356–364.
103.
Sharma, N., & Peterson, V. K. (2013). Overcharging a lithium-ion battery: Effect on the Li x C6 negative electrode determined by in-situ neutron diffraction. Journal of Power Sources, 244, 695–701.
104.
Sharma, N., & Peterson, V. K. (2013). Current-dependent electrode lattice fluctuations and anode phase evolution in a lithium-ion battery investigated by in situ neutron diffraction. Electrochimica Acta, 101, 79–85.
105.
Senyshyn, A., Dolotko, O., Muehlbauer, M. J., Nikolowski, K., Fuess, H., & Ehrenberg, H. (2013). Lithium intercalation into graphitic carbons revisited: Experimental evidence for twisted bilayer behavior. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 160, A3198–A3205.
106.
Gireaud, L., Grugeon, S., Laruelle, S., Yrieix, B., & Tarascon, J. M. (2006). Lithium metal stripping/plating mechanisms studies: A metallurgical approach. Electrochemistry communications, 8, 1639–1649.
107.
Li, Z., Huang, J., Liaw, B. Y., Metzler, V., & Zhang, J. (2014). A review of lithium deposition in lithium-ion and lithium metal secondary batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 254, 168–182.
108.
Steiger, J., Kramer, D., & Moenig, R. (2014). Mechanisms of dendritic growth investigated by in situ light microscopy during electrodeposition and dissolution of lithium. Journal of Power Sources, 261, 112–119.
109.
Zinth, V., von Lüders, C., Hofmann, M., Hattendorff, J., Buchberger, I., Erhard, S., et al. (2014). Lithium plating in lithium-ion batteries at sub-ambient temperatures investigated by in-situ neutron diffraction. Journal of Power Sources, 271, 152–159.
110.
Ohzuku, T., Ueda, A., & Yamamoto, N. (1995). Zero-strain insertion material of Li[Li1/3Ti5/3]O4 for rechargeable lithium cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 142, 1431–1435.
111.
Scharner, S., Weppner, W., & Schmid-Beurmann, P. (1999). Evidence of two-phase formation upon lithium insertion into the Li1.33Ti1.67O4 spinel. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 146, 857–861.
112.
Colin, J. F., Godbole, V., & Novak, P. (2010). In situ neutron diffraction study of Li insertion in Li4Ti5O12. Electrochemistry communications, 12, 804–807.
113.
Pang, W. K., & Peterson, V. K. (2015). A custom battery for operando neutron powder diffraction studies of electrode structure. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 48, 280–290.
114.
Pang, W. K., Peterson, V. K., Sharma, N., Shiu, J.-J., & Wu, S.-H. (2014). Lithium migration in Li4Ti5O12 studies using in-situ neutron powder diffraction. Chemistry of Materials, 26, 2318–2326.
115.
Du, G. D., Sharma, N., Peterson, V. K., Kimpton, J. A., Jia, D. Z., & Guo, Z. P. (2011). Br-doped Li4Ti5O12 and composite TiO2 anodes for Li-ion batteries: Synchrotron X-ray and in situ neutron diffraction studies. Advanced Functional Materials, 21, 3990–3997.
116.
Latroche, M., Chabre, Y., Percheron-Guégan, A., Isnard, O., & Knosp, B. (2002). Influence of stoichiometry and composition on the structural and electrochemical properties of AB5+y -based alloys used as negative electrode materials in Ni-MH batteries. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 330, 787–791.
117.
Latroche, M., Chabre, Y., Decamps, B., Percheron-Guégan, A., & Noreus, D. (2002). In situ neutron diffraction study of the kinetics of metallic hydride electrodes. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 334, 267–276.
118.
Biendicho, J. J., Roberts, M., Noréus, D., Lagerqvist, U., Smith, R. I., Svensson, G., et al. (2015). In-situ investigation of commercial Ni(OH)2 and LaNi5-based electrodes by neutron powder diffraction. Journal of Materials Research, 30, 407–416.
119.
Vivet, S., Latroche, M., Chabre, Y., Joubert, J. M., Knosp, B., & Percheron-Guégan, A. (2005). Influence of composition on phase occurrence during charge process of AB5+x Ni-MH negative electrode materials. Physica B, 362, 199–207.
120.
O’Hayre, R., Cha, S.-W., Colella, W., & Prinz, F. B. (2009). Fuel cell fundamentals. New York: Wiley.
121.
Revankar, S. T., & Majumdar, P. (2014). Fuel cells: Principles, design and analysis. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
122.
Stolten, P., Samsun, R. C., & Garland, N. (2016). Fuel cells: Data, facts and figures. New York: Wiley VCH.
123.
Kendall, K., & Kendall, M. (2015). High temperature solid oxide fuel cells for the 21st century: Fundamentals, design and applications. Cambridge: Academic Press Inc.
124.
Irvine, J. T. S., & Connor, P. (2014). Solid oxide fuels cells: Facts and figures: Past, present and future perspectives for SOFC technologies. Berlin: Springer.
125.
Weppner, W. (1977). Electronic transport properties and electrically induced p-n junction in ZrO2+10mol%Y2O3. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 20, 305–314.
126.
Arachi, Y., Sakai, H., Yamamoto, O., Takeda, Y., & Imanishai, N. (1999). Electrical conductivity of the ZrO2-Ln2O3 (Ln=lanthanides) system. Solid State Ionics, 121, 133–139.
127.
Dixon, J. M., Lagrange, L. D., Merten, U., Miller, C. F., & Porter, J. T. (1963). Electrical resistivity of stabilized zirconia at elevated temperatures. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 110, 276–280.
128.
Nakamura, A., & Wagner, J. B., Jr. (1986). Defect structure, ionic conductivity and diffusion in yttria stabilized zirconia and related oxide electrolytes with fluorite structure. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 133, 1542–1548.
129.
Strickler, D. W., & Carlson, W. G. (1964). Ionic conductivity of cubic solid solutions in the system CaO-Y2O3-ZrO2. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 47, 122–127.
130.
Subbarao, E. C., & Ramakrishnan, T. V. (1979). Ionic conductivity of highly defective oxides. In: P. Vashishta, J. N. Mundy, & G. K. Shenoy (Eds.), Fast ion transport in solids (pp. 653–656). New York: Elsevier North Holland Inc.
131.
Norberg, S. T., Hull, S., Ahmed, I., Eriksson, S. G., Marrocchelli, D., Madden, P. A., et al. (2011). Structural disorder in doped zirconias, part I: The Zr0.8Sc0.2−x Y x O1.9 (0.0≤x≤0.2) system. Chemistry of Materials, 23, 1356–1364.
132.
Inaba, H., & Tagawa, H. (1996). Ceria based solid electrolytes. Solid State Ionics, 83, 1–16.
133.
Kilner, J. A. (2008). Defects and conductivity in ceria-based oxides. Chemistry Letters, 37, 1012–1015.
134.
Mogensen, M., Sammes, N. M., & Tompsett, G. A. (2000). Physical, chemical and electrochemical properties of pure and doped ceria. Solid State Ionics, 129, 63–94.
135.
Yahiro, H., Eguchi, K., & Arai, H. (1989). Electrical properties and reducibilities of ceria rare earth oxide systems and their application to solid oxide fuel cells. Solid State Ionics, 36, 71–75.
136.
Azad, A. M., Larose, S., & Akbar, S. A. (1994). Bismuth oxide based solid electrolytes for fuel cells. Journal Materials Science, 29, 4135–4151.
137.
Boivin, J. C., & Mairesse, G. (1998). Recent material developments in fast oxide ion conductors. Chemistry of Materials, 10, 2870–2888.
138.
Drache, M., Roussel, P., & Wignacourt, J. P. (2007). Structures and oxide mobility in Bi-Ln-O materials: Heritage of BiO. Chemical Reviews, 107, 80–96.
139.
Sammes, N. M., Tompsett, G. A., Näfe, H., & Aldinger, F. (1999). Bismuth based oxide electrolytes-structure and ionic conductivity. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 19, 1801–1826.
140.
Shuk, P., Wienhöfer, H.-D., Guth, U., Göpel, W., & Greenblatt, M. (1996). Oxide ion conducting solid electrolytes based on Bi2O3. Solid State Ionics, 89, 179–196.
141.
Haynes, R., Norberg, S. T., Eriksson, S. G., Chowdhury, M. A. H., Goodway, C. M., Howells, G. D., et al. (2010). New high temperature gas flow cell developed at ISIS. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 251, 012090.
142.
Hull, S., Norberg, S. T., Ahmed, I., Eriksson, S. G., Marrocchelli, D., & Madden, P. A. (2009). Oxygen vacancy ordering within anion-deficient ceria. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 182, 2815–2821.
143.
Burbano, M., Norberg, S. T., Hull, S., Eriksson, S. G., Marrocchelli, D., Madden, P. A., et al. (2012). Oxygen vacancy ordering and the conductivity maximum in Y2O3-doped CeO2. Chemistry of Materials, 24, 222–229.
144.
Li, Y. P., Maxey, E. R., Richardson, J. W., Ma, B. H., Lee, T. H., & Song, S. J. (2007). Oxygen non-stoichiometry and thermal-chemical expansion of Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9-δ electrolytes by neutron diffraction. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 90, 1208–1214.
145.
Loong, C. K., & Ozawa, M. (2000). The role of rare earth dopants in nanophase zirconia catalysts for automotive emission control. J. Alloys Compd., 303, 60–65.
146.
Ozawa, M., & Loong, C. K. (1999). In situ X-ray and neutron powder diffraction studies of redox behavior in CeO2-containing oxide catalysts. Catalysis Today, 50, 329–342.
147.
Tikekar, N. M., Armstrong, T. J., & Virkar, A. V. (2003). Reduction and re-oxidation kinetics of nickel based solid oxide fuel cell anodes. In S. C. Singhal & M. Dokiya (Eds.), Proceedings of 8th International Symposium Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC VIII) (pp. 670–679). The Electrochemical Society.
148.
Park, S. D., Vohs, J. M., & Gorte, R. J. (2000). Direct oxidation of hydrocarbons in a solid-oxide fuel cell. Nature, 404, 265–267.
149.
Hofer, H. E., & Kock, W. F. (1993). Crystal chemistry and thermal behavior in the La(Cr,Ni)O3 perovskite system. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 140, 2889–2894.
150.
Jin, F. X., Endo, T., Takizawa, H., & Shimada, M. (1994). Effects of divalent cation substitution on sinterability and electrical properties of LaCrO3 ceramics. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 113, 138–144.
151.
Sfeir, J., Buffat, P. A., Mockli, P., Xanthopoulos, N., Vasquez, R., Mathieu, H. J., Van Herle, J., & Thampi, J. (2001). Lanthanum chromite based catalysts for oxidation of methane directly on SOFC anodes. Journal of Catalysis, 202, 229–244.
152.
Sun, C., Hui, R., & Roller, J. (2010). Cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells: A review. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 14, 1125–1144.
153.
Tsipis, E. V., & Kharton, V. V. (2008). Electrode materials and reaction mechanisms in solid oxide fuel cells: A brief review. I. Performance determining factors. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 12, 1039–1060.
154.
Tsipis, E. V., & Kharton, V. V. (2008). Electrode materials and reaction mechanisms in solid oxide fuel cells: A brief review. II. Electrochemical behaviour vs. materials science aspects. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 12, 1367–1391.
155.
Tedmon, C. S., Spacil, H. S., & Mitoff, S. P. (1969). Cathode materials and performance in high temperature zirconia electrolyte fuel cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 116, 1170–1175.
156.
Tonus, F., Bahout, M., Battle, P. D., Hansen, T., Henry, P. F., & Roisnel, T. (2010). In-situ neutron diffraction study of the high temperature redox chemistry of Ln3−x Sr1+x CrNiO8−δ (Ln=La,Nd) under hydrogen. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 20, 4103–4115.
157.
Haag, J. M., Barnett, S. A., Richardson, J. W., Jr., & Poeppelmeier, K. R. (2010). Structural and chemical evolution of the SOFC anode La0.30Sr0.70Fe0.70Cr0.30O3−δ upon reduction and oxidation: An in-situ neutron diffraction study. Chemistry of Materials, 22, 3283–3289.
158.
Tonus, F., & Skinner, S. J. (2016). In-situ neutron diffraction study of cathode/electrolyte interactions under electrical load and elevated temperature. Solid State Sciences, 55, 88–92.
159.
Tonus, F., Greaves, C., El Shinawi, H., Hansen, T., Hernandez, O., Battle, P. D., et al. (2011). High temperature redox chemistry of La1.5+x Sr0.5−x Co0.5Ni0.5O4+δ (x=0.0,0.2) studied in-situ by neutron diffraction. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21, 7111–7122.
160.
Bahout, M., Tonus, F., Prestipino, D., Pelloquin, D., Hansen, T., Fonda, E., et al. (2012). High temperature redox chemistry of Pr0.5Sr1.5Cr0.5Mn0.5O4−δ investigated in-situ by neutron diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy under reducing and oxidizing gas flows. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22, 10560–10570.
161.
Cox-Galhotra, R. A., Huq, A., Hodges, J. P., Yu, C., Wang, X., Gong, W., et al. (2013). An in-situ neutron diffraction study of the crystal structure of PrBaCo2O5+δ at high temperature and controlled oxygen partial pressure. Solid State Ionics, 249–250, 34–40.
162.
Cox-Galhotra, R. A., Huq, A., Hodges, J. P., Kim, J.-H., Yu, C., Wang, X., et al. (2013). Visualizing oxygen anion transport pathways in NdBaCo2O5+δ by in-situ neutron diffraction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1, 3091–3100.
163.
Broux, T., Prestipino, C., Bahout, M., Hernandez, O., Swain, D., Paofai, S., et al. (2013). Unprecedented high solubility of oxygen interstitial defects in La1.2Sr0.8MnO4+δ up to δ~0.42 revealed by in-situ high temperature neutron powder diffraction in flowing O2. Chemistry of Materials, 25, 4053–4063.
164.
Skinner, S. J. (2003). Characterisation of La2NiO4+δ using in-situ high temperature neutron powder diffraction. Solid State Sciences, 5, 419–426.
165.
Tomkiewicz, A. C., Tamimi, M. A., Huq, A., & McIntosh, S. (2013). Evidence for the low oxygen stoichiometry of cubic Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.5Fe0.5O3−δ from in-situ neutron diffraction. Solid State Ionics, 253, 27–31.
166.
McIntosh, S., Vente, J. F., Haije, W. G., Blank, D. H. A., & Bouwmeester, H. J. M. (2006). Oxygen stoichiometry and chemical expansion of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ measured by in situ neutron diffraction. Chemistry of Materials, 18, 2187–2193.
167.
Wright, J. H., Virkar, A. V., Liu, Q., & Chen, F. (2013). Electrical characterization and water sensitivity of Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6−δ as a possible solid oxide fuel cell electrode. Journal of Power Sources, 237, 13–18.
168.
Xiao, G., Liu, Q., Wang, S., Komvokis, V. G., Amiridis, M. D., Heyden, A., et al. (2012). Synthesis and characterization of Mo-doped SrFeO3−δ as cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources, 202, 63–69.
169.
Bugaris, D. E., Hodges, J. P., Huq, A., Chance, W. M., Heyden, A., Chen, F., & zur Loye, H.-C. (2014). Investigation of the high temperature redox chemistry of Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6−δ via in-situ neutron diffraction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2, 4045–4054.
170.
Li, Y. P., Maxey, E. R., & Richardson, J. W. (2005). Structural behavior of oxygen permeable SrFe0.2Co0.8O x ceramic membranes with and without pO2 gradients. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 88, 1244–1252.
171.
Alberti, G., & Casciola, M. (2001). Solid state protonic conductors, present main applications and future prospects. Solid State Ionics, 145, 3–16.
172.
Norby, T. (1999). Solid-state protonic conductors: Principles, properties, progress and prospects. Solid State Ionics, 125, 1–11.
173.
Karlsson, M. (2013). Perspectives of neutron scattering on proton conducting oxides. Dalton Transactions, 42, 317–329.
174.
Andersson, A. K. E., Selbach, S. M., Grande, T., & Knee, C. S. (2015). Thermal evolution of the crystal structure of proton conducting BaCe0.8Y0.2O3−δ from high resolution neutron diffraction in dry and humid atmosphere. Dalton Transactions, 44, 10834–10846.
175.
Bahout, M., Pramana, S. S., Hanlon, J. M., Dorcet, V., Smith, R. I., Paofai, S., et al. (2015). Stability of NdBaCo2−x Mn x O5+δ (x=0,0.5) layered perovskites under humid conditions investigated by high temperature in-situ neutron powder diffraction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 3, 15420–15431.
176.
Engin, T. E., Powell, A. V., Haynes, R., Chowdhury, M. A. H., Goodway, C. M., Done, R., et al. (2008). A high temperature cell for simultaneous electrical resistance and neutron diffraction measurements. Review of Scientific Instruments, 79, 095104.
177.
Evans, I. R., Howard, J. A. K., & Evans, J. S. O. (2005). The crystal structure of a-La2Mo2O9 and the structural origin of the oxide ion migration pathway. Chemistry of Materials, 17, 4074–4077.
178.
Georges, S., Goutenoire, F., Bohnke, O., Steil, M. C., Skinner, S. J., Wiemhofer, H. D., et al. (2004). The LAMOX family of fast oxide-ion conductors: Overview and recent results. Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems, 7, 51–57.
179.
Goutenoire, F., Isnard, O., Retoux, R., & Lacorre, P. (2000). Crystal structure of La2Mo2O9, a new fast oxide-ion conductor. Chemistry of Materials, 12, 2575–2580.
180.
Lacorre, P., Goutenoire, F., Bohnke, O., Retoux, R., & Laligant, Y. (2000). Designing fast oxide-ion conductors based on La2Mo2O9. Nature, 404, 856–858.
181.
Liu, J. J., Hull, S., Ahmed, I., & Skinner, S. J. (2011). Application of combined neutron diffraction and impedance spectroscopy for in-situ structure and conductivity studies of La2Mo2O9. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, 269, 539–543.
182.
Kinyanjui, F. G., Norberg, S. T., Ahmed, I., Eriksson, S. G., & Hull, S. (2012). In-situ conductivity and hydration studies of proton conductors using neutron powder diffraction. Solid State Ionics, 225, 312–316.
183.
Malavasi, L. (2011). Total scattering investigation of materials for clean energy applications: The importance of the local structure. Dalton Transactions, 40, 3777–3788.
184.
Proffen, T., & Billinge, S. J. L. (1999). PDFFIT, a program for full profile structural refinement of the atomic pair distribution function. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 32, 572–575.
185.
Keen, D. A. (2000). A comparison of various commonly used correlation functions for describing total scattering. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 34, 172–177.
186.
Keen, D. A., Tucker, M. G., & Dove, M. T. (2005). Reverse Monte Carlo modelling of crystalline disorder. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 17, S15–S22.
187.
McGreevy, R. L. (2001). Reverse Monte Carlo modelling. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 13, R877–R913.
188.
McGreevy, R. L., & Pusztai, L. (1988). Reverse Monte Carlo simulation: A new technique for the determination of disordered structures. Molecular Simulation, 1, 359–367.
189.
Tucker, M. G., Keen, D. A., Dove, M. T., Goodwin, A. L., & Hui, Q. (2007). RMCProfile: Reverse Monte Carlo for polycrystalline materials. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 19, 335218.
190.
Keen, D. A., & Goodwin, A. L. (2015). The crystallography of correlated disorder. Nature, 521, 303–309.
191.
Playford, H. Y., Owen, L. R., Levin, I., & Tucker, M. G. (2014). New insights into complex materials using Reverse Monte Carlo modeling. Annual Review of Materials Research, 44, 429–449.
192.
Marrocchelli, D., Madden, P. A., Norberg, S. T., & Hull, S. (2011). Structural disorder in doped zirconias, part II: Vacancy ordering effects and the conductivity maximum. Chemistry of Materials, 23, 1365–1373.
193.
Norberg, S. T., Ahmed, I., Hull, S., Marrocchelli, D., & Madden, P. A. (2009). Local structure and ionic conductivity in the Zr2Y2O7-Y3NbO7 system. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 21, 215401.
194.
Mohn, C. E., Stolen, S., Norberg, S. T., & Hull, S. (2009). Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of oxide-ion disorder in the δ-Bi2O3. Physical Review B, 80, 024205.
195.
Abrahams, I., Liu, X., Hull, S., Norberg, S. T., Krok, F., Kozanecka-Szmigiel, A., et al. (2010). A combined total scattering and simulation approach to analyzing defect structure in Bi3YO6. Chemistry of Materials, 22, 4435–4445.
196.
Marrocchelli, D., Madden, P. A., Norberg, S. T., & Hull, S. (2009). Cation composition effects on oxide conductivity in the Zr2Y2O7-Y3NbO7 system. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 21, 405403.
197.
Hannon, A. C., Howells, A. C., & Soper, A. C. (1990). ATLAS: A suite of programs for the analysis of time-of-flight neutron diffraction data from liquid and amorphous samples. Institute of Physics Conference Series, 107, 193–211 (1990).
198.
Howe, M. A., McGreevy, R. L., & Howells, W. S. (1989). The analysis of liquid structure data from time-of-flight neutron diffractometry. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 1, 3433–3451.
199.
Anderson, I. S., McGreevy, R., & Bilheux, H. Z. (2009). Neutron imaging and applications. A reference for the imaging community. New York, US: Springer.
200.
Bellows, R. J., Lin, M. Y., Arif, M., Thompson, A. K., & Jacobson, D. (1999). Neutron imaging technique for in-situ measurement of water transport gradients within Nafion in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 146, 1099–1103.
201.
Kramer, D., Zhang, J. B., Shimoi, R., Lehmann, E., Wokaun, A., Shinohara, K., et al. (2005). In-situ diagnostic of two-phase flow phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cells by neutron imaging: Part A. Experimental, data treatment, and quantification. Electrochimica Acta, 50, 2603–2614.
202.
Satija, R., Jacobson, D. L., Arif, M., & Werner, S. A. (2004). In-situ neutron imaging technique for evaluation of water management systems in operating PEM fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources, 129, 238–245.
203.
Kardjilov, N., Hilger, A., Manke, I., Strobl, M., Treimer, W., & Banhart, J. (2005). Industrial applications at the new cold neutron radiography and tomography facility of the HMI. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, 542, 16–21.
204.
Burca, G., James, J. A., Kockelmann, W., Fitzpatrick, M. E., Zhang, S. Y., Hovind, J., et al. (2011). A new bridge technique for neutron tomography and diffraction measurements. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, 651, 229–235.
205.
Kockelmann, W., Zhang, S. Y., Kelleher, J. F., Nightingale, J. B., Burca G., & James, J. A. (2013). IMAT—A new imaging and diffraction instrument at ISIS. In P. C. Hungler (Ed.), 7th International Topical Meeting on Neutron Radiography. Physics Procedia (Vol. 43, pp. 100–110).
Metadaten
Titel
In-Situ Neutron Diffraction Experiments
verfasst von
Stephen Hull
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Buch
Electro-Chemo-Mechanics of Solids

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-51405-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-51407-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2017

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51407-9_4

Premium Partner

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen. 

    Zur Marktübersicht
    Bildnachweise