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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. In the Beginning

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Abstract

John Locke’s claim that “in the beginning all the world was America” is taken to mean that all peoples literally emerged in a state of nature. The Enlightenment idea of universal history idea holds that all peoples can be situated in the narrative of history on a continuum between that start and an end point, what we call civilization. The related idea of teleological history maintains that the passage of history has direction and purpose, history is heading toward a particular ends. This chapter explores the thinking behind these ideas and what they mean for humankind.

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Fußnoten
1
John Locke, Two Treatises of Government (New York: New American Library, 1965), p. 343, book II, para. 49. Italics in original.
 
2
Gavin Kennedy, Adam Smith: A Moral Philosopher and His Political Economy (Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), p. 63.
 
3
Alan Wolfe, The Future of Liberalism (New York: Vintage, 2010), pp. 3–4.
 
4
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, The Philosophy of History, trans. J. Sibree (New York: Dover Publications, 1956), p. 4. Italics in original.
 
5
Hegel, The Philosophy of History, pp. 86–87.
 
6
See Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, “A Philosophical Review of the Successive Advances of the Human Mind,” in The Turgot Collection: Writings, Speeches, and Letters of Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune, ed. David Gordon (Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2011), pp. 320–343.
 
7
Peter Onuf and Nicholas Onuf, Federal Union, Modern World: The Law of Nations in an Age of Revolutions, 1776–1814 (Madison, WI: Madison House, 1993), p. 30.
 
8
Barack Obama, “A More Perfect Union (The Race Speech),”National Constitution Center, Philadelphia, PA (March 18, 2008) at http://​constitutioncent​er.​org/​amoreperfectunio​n/​
 
9
R. G. Collingwood, The Idea of History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961), p. 54.
 
10
John Gray, Enlightenment’s Wake: Politics and Culture at the Close of the Modern Age (London and New York: Routledge, 1995), pp. 185–186.
 
11
Gray, Enlightenment’s Wake, p. 188. Italics in original.
 
12
Ricardo Duchesne, The Uniqueness of Western Civilization (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2011), p. 17.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Collingwood, R. G. 1961. The Idea of History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Collingwood, R. G. 1961. The Idea of History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Duchesne, Ricardo. 2011. The Uniqueness of Western Civilization. Leiden and Boston: Brill.CrossRef Duchesne, Ricardo. 2011. The Uniqueness of Western Civilization. Leiden and Boston: Brill.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gray, John. 1995. Enlightenment’s Wake: Politics and Culture at the Close of the Modern Age. London and New York: Routledge.CrossRef Gray, John. 1995. Enlightenment’s Wake: Politics and Culture at the Close of the Modern Age. London and New York: Routledge.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. 1956. The Philosophy of History, trans. J. Sibree. New York: Dover Publications. Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. 1956. The Philosophy of History, trans. J. Sibree. New York: Dover Publications.
Zurück zum Zitat Kennedy, Gavin. 2010. Adam Smith: A Moral Philosopher and His Political Economy. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef Kennedy, Gavin. 2010. Adam Smith: A Moral Philosopher and His Political Economy. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Locke, John. 1965. Two Treatises of Government. New York: New American Library. Locke, John. 1965. Two Treatises of Government. New York: New American Library.
Zurück zum Zitat Onuf, Peter, and Nicholas Onuf. 1993. Federal Union, Modern World: The Law of Nations in an Age of Revolutions, 1776–1814. Madison, WI: Madison House. Onuf, Peter, and Nicholas Onuf. 1993. Federal Union, Modern World: The Law of Nations in an Age of Revolutions, 1776–1814. Madison, WI: Madison House.
Zurück zum Zitat Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques. 2011. A Philosophical Review of the Successive Advances of the Human Mind. In The Turgot Collection: Writings, Speeches, and Letters of Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune, ed. David Gordon, 320–343. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute. Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques. 2011. A Philosophical Review of the Successive Advances of the Human Mind. In The Turgot Collection: Writings, Speeches, and Letters of Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune, ed. David Gordon, 320–343. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.
Zurück zum Zitat Wolfe, Alan. 2010. The Future of Liberalism. New York: Vintage. Wolfe, Alan. 2010. The Future of Liberalism. New York: Vintage.
Metadaten
Titel
In the Beginning
verfasst von
Brett Bowden
Copyright-Jahr
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52410-8_1