Index and Query Methods in Road Networks

verfasst von: Jun Feng, Toyohide Watanabe

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book presents the index and query techniques on road network and moving objects which are limited to road network. Here, the road network of non-Euclidean space has its unique characteristics such that two moving objects may be very close in a straight line distance. The index used in two-dimensional Euclidean space is not always appropriate for moving objects on road network. Therefore, the index structure needs to be improved in order to obtain suitable indexing methods, explore the shortest path and acquire nearest neighbor query and aggregation query methods under the new index structures.

Chapter 1 of this book introduces the present situation of intelligent traffic and index in road network, Chapter 2 introduces the relevant existing spatial indexing methods. Chapter 3-5 focus on several issues of road network and query, they involves: traffic road network models (see Chapter 3), index structures (see Chapter 4) and aggregate query methods (see Chapter 5). Finally, in Chapter 6, the book briefly describes the applications and the development of intelligent transportation in the future.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Introduction

Abstract

In recent years, with the rapid economic development, the fact that the number of vehicles grows rapidly leads to the great demand for urban transportation management. Although many departments of urban transportation have strengthened the construction of road networks management and have improved the efficiency of transportation systems, the relationship between supply and demand for transportation has not been balanced and many necessary facilities are still in short of supply. Thus, this phenomena causes traffic congestion and makes people difficult to travel. Today, traffic congestion has become a serious problem faced by major cities of the world.

Jun Feng, Toyohide Watanabe

Chapter 2. Index Techniques

Abstract

The efficiency of data access and storage is a key factor that affects the quality of data service, and it can be significantly improved by effective index mechanism.

Jun Feng, Toyohide Watanabe

Chapter 3. Road Network Model

Abstract

Road network can be regarded as a graph which is composed of lines and points.

Jun Feng, Toyohide Watanabe

Chapter 4. Index in Road Network

Abstract

Moving object data in road network is a complex data type, including not only static spatial road network information, but also the dynamic spatio-temporal information. Therefore, road network query is an operation with a high time and space complexity. Efficient indexing mechanism is an effective solution to improve the efficiency of data access. However, the method in this situation is different from those for objects moving in 2-D free space, because not only the moving directions but also the distance among moving objects are constrained by the road network. Therefore, the neighboring relations among moving objects should take the underlying road network into consideration.

Jun Feng, Toyohide Watanabe

Chapter 5. Query in Road Network

Abstract

There are two typical kinds of queries in road network: precise query and aggregate query. Nearest neighbor query (NN) and continuous nearest neighbor query (CNN) belong to precise queries which would get exact location in road network and are used widely in ITS. The non-Euclidean property of road network is the most significant problem in these queries. Cyclic Optimal Multi-step Algorithm divides the temporal query into two stages: filter and refinement. The algorithm uses non-Euclidean semantic distance as filter condition to generate candidates. Followed by refinement step, the filter conditions are constantly revised and the above process is iterated to enhance the retrieval efficiency by using the spatial index created in Euclidean space.

Jun Feng, Toyohide Watanabe

Chapter 6. The Trend of Development

Abstract

Since the 1960s, intelligent transportation technologies have been proposed with its rapid development, it has been widely used in various countries, effectively easing road congestion and improving travel efficiency, which has achieved great social and economic benefits. However, with the rapid economic development of the world, number of vehicles is increasing, and the traffic problem is getting worse.

Jun Feng, Toyohide Watanabe

Backmatter

Titel: Index and Query Methods in Road Networks
verfasst von: Jun Feng
Toyohide Watanabe
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-10789-9
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-10788-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10789-9