Skip to main content

2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Infinite Possibilities for Using Eyetracking for Mobile Serious Games in Order to Improve User Learning Experiences

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Serious games have, to some degree, relocated from desktops to palmtops. Developers of serious games employ eyetracking as part of their evaluation of user learning experiences on an array of devices. Those who do not use eyetracking for usability evaluation agree that it seems a good idea. This paper provides an initial analysis of literature findings selected according to stringent search criteria to contribute towards a conceptual framework for the use of eyetracking for serious games to improve user learning experiences. Electronic articles were analyzed of which (i) the time span was 1999–2015; (ii) the document type was articles in journals; (iii) the keywords for searches were ‘‘eye tracking AND serious games’’ and some permutations thereof; and (iv) the articles spanned all disciplines. The qualitative analysis of the six identified articles rendered an unexpected large number of 34 findings suited to compilation of the conceptual framework. The findings grouped as six themes; three relating to user learning aspects during gameplay and three relating to eyetracking measures.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Alkan, S., Cagiltay, K.: Studying computer game learning experience through eye tracking. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 38(3), 538–542 (2007)CrossRef Alkan, S., Cagiltay, K.: Studying computer game learning experience through eye tracking. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 38(3), 538–542 (2007)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Amory, A.: Game object model version II: a theoretical framework for educational game development. Educ. Technol. Res. Dev. 55, 51–77 (2007)CrossRef Amory, A.: Game object model version II: a theoretical framework for educational game development. Educ. Technol. Res. Dev. 55, 51–77 (2007)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Arnab, S., Lim, T., Carvalho, M.B., Bellotti, F., Freitas, S.D., Louchart, S., Suttie, N., Berta, R., Gloria, A.D.: Mapping learning and game mechanics for serious games analysis. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 46(2), 391–411 (2015)CrossRef Arnab, S., Lim, T., Carvalho, M.B., Bellotti, F., Freitas, S.D., Louchart, S., Suttie, N., Berta, R., Gloria, A.D.: Mapping learning and game mechanics for serious games analysis. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 46(2), 391–411 (2015)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bellotti, F., Kapralos, B., Lee, K., Moreno-Ger, P., Berta, R.: Advances in human-computer interaction. Adv. Hum. Comput. Interact. 2013, 11 (2013) Bellotti, F., Kapralos, B., Lee, K., Moreno-Ger, P., Berta, R.: Advances in human-computer interaction. Adv. Hum. Comput. Interact. 2013, 11 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat Blignaut, A.S., Matthew, G., Botha-Ravyse, C.R.: Examining chocolate-covered broccoli: eyetracking evaluation of the ExMan serious game. In: Paper Presented to the EdMedia 2015 - World Conference on Educational Media and Technology, Montréal, Québec, Canada (2015a) Blignaut, A.S., Matthew, G., Botha-Ravyse, C.R.: Examining chocolate-covered broccoli: eyetracking evaluation of the ExMan serious game. In: Paper Presented to the EdMedia 2015 - World Conference on Educational Media and Technology, Montréal, Québec, Canada (2015a)
Zurück zum Zitat Blignaut, A.S., Matthew, G., Botha-Ravyse, C.R.: Students’ learning experiences of a serious food service management game under the lens of eyetracking and electroencephalography. J. Eye Mov. Res., 2015(under review) (2015b) Blignaut, A.S., Matthew, G., Botha-Ravyse, C.R.: Students’ learning experiences of a serious food service management game under the lens of eyetracking and electroencephalography. J. Eye Mov. Res., 2015(under review) (2015b)
Zurück zum Zitat Boeije, H.: A purposeful approach to the constant comparative method in the analysis of qualitative interviews. Qual. Quant. 36(4), 391–409 (2002)CrossRef Boeije, H.: A purposeful approach to the constant comparative method in the analysis of qualitative interviews. Qual. Quant. 36(4), 391–409 (2002)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Connolly, T.M., Boyle, E.A., MacArthur, E., Hainey, T., Boyle, J.M.: A systematic literature review of empirical evidence on computer games and serious games. Comput. Educ. 59(2012), 661–686 (2012)CrossRef Connolly, T.M., Boyle, E.A., MacArthur, E., Hainey, T., Boyle, J.M.: A systematic literature review of empirical evidence on computer games and serious games. Comput. Educ. 59(2012), 661–686 (2012)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cutrell, E., Guan, Z.: What are you looking for? an eye-tracking study of information usage in web search. In: Paper Presented to the CHI 2007: Gaze & Eye Tracking, San Juan, CA (2007) Cutrell, E., Guan, Z.: What are you looking for? an eye-tracking study of information usage in web search. In: Paper Presented to the CHI 2007: Gaze & Eye Tracking, San Juan, CA (2007)
Zurück zum Zitat De Freitas, S., Oliver, M.: How can exploratory learning with games and simulations within the curriculum be most effectively evaluated? Comput. Educ., 46 (Special Issue on Gaming), 249–264 (2006) De Freitas, S., Oliver, M.: How can exploratory learning with games and simulations within the curriculum be most effectively evaluated? Comput. Educ., 46 (Special Issue on Gaming), 249–264 (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat Djamasbia, S., Siegel, M., Tullis, T., Generation, Y.: Webdesign, and eyetracking. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact. 68(2010), 307–323 (2010) Djamasbia, S., Siegel, M., Tullis, T., Generation, Y.: Webdesign, and eyetracking. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact. 68(2010), 307–323 (2010)
Zurück zum Zitat Esterhuizen, H.D., Blignaut, A.S., Els, C.J., Ellis, S.M.: Computer literacy learning emotions of ODL teacher-students. In: Amiel, T., Wilson, B., (eds.) World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications 2012 Denver, CO. pp. 586–595 (2012) Esterhuizen, H.D., Blignaut, A.S., Els, C.J., Ellis, S.M.: Computer literacy learning emotions of ODL teacher-students. In: Amiel, T., Wilson, B., (eds.) World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications 2012 Denver, CO. pp. 586–595 (2012)
Zurück zum Zitat Foko, T., Amory, A.: Social constructivism in games based learning in the south african context. In: Weippl, E., Luca, J. (eds.) World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications (EDMEDIA) 2008, pp. 5757–5764. Vienna, Austria, AACE (2008) Foko, T., Amory, A.: Social constructivism in games based learning in the south african context. In: Weippl, E., Luca, J. (eds.) World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications (EDMEDIA) 2008, pp. 5757–5764. Vienna, Austria, AACE (2008)
Zurück zum Zitat Giessen, H.W.: Serious games effects: an overview. Procedia–Soc. Behav. Sci. 174(2015), 2240–2244 (2015)CrossRef Giessen, H.W.: Serious games effects: an overview. Procedia–Soc. Behav. Sci. 174(2015), 2240–2244 (2015)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gonsalves, A., Ternier, S., Vries, F.D., Specht, M.: Serious games at the UNHCR with ARLearn, a toolkit for mobile and virtual reality applications. In: Specht, M., Sharples, M., Multisilta, J. (eds.) The 11th International Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning 2012, Helsinki, Finland, October 16–18, 2012: CEUR. pp. 224–247 (2012) Gonsalves, A., Ternier, S., Vries, F.D., Specht, M.: Serious games at the UNHCR with ARLearn, a toolkit for mobile and virtual reality applications. In: Specht, M., Sharples, M., Multisilta, J. (eds.) The 11th International Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning 2012, Helsinki, Finland, October 16–18, 2012: CEUR. pp. 224–247 (2012)
Zurück zum Zitat Hartson, H.R., Andre, T.S., Williges, R.C.: Criteria for evaluating usability evaluation methods. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact. 13(4), 373–410 (2001)CrossRef Hartson, H.R., Andre, T.S., Williges, R.C.: Criteria for evaluating usability evaluation methods. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact. 13(4), 373–410 (2001)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hyönä, J.: The use of eye movements in the study of multimedia learning. Learn. Instr. 20(2), 172–176 (2010)CrossRef Hyönä, J.: The use of eye movements in the study of multimedia learning. Learn. Instr. 20(2), 172–176 (2010)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Johansen, S.A., Nørgaard, M., Rau, J.: Can eye tracking boost usability evaluation of computer games? In: Paper Presented to the Proceedings of CHI, 2008–itu.dk (2006) Johansen, S.A., Nørgaard, M., Rau, J.: Can eye tracking boost usability evaluation of computer games? In: Paper Presented to the Proceedings of CHI, 2008–itu.dk (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat Jordan, P.W.: Pleasure with products: Human factors for body, mind and soul. In: Green, W.S., Jordan, P.W. (eds.) Human Factors in Product Design: Current Practise and Future Trends UK: Taylor & Francis, pp. 206–217 (1999) Jordan, P.W.: Pleasure with products: Human factors for body, mind and soul. In: Green, W.S., Jordan, P.W. (eds.) Human Factors in Product Design: Current Practise and Future Trends UK: Taylor & Francis, pp. 206–217 (1999)
Zurück zum Zitat Kickmeier-Rust, M.D., Hillemann, E., Albert, D.: Tracking the UFO’s paths: using eye-tracking for the evaluation of serious games. In: Shumaker, R. (ed.) Virtual and Mixed Reality, HCII 2011, Part I. LNCS, vol. 6773, pp. 315–324. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)CrossRef Kickmeier-Rust, M.D., Hillemann, E., Albert, D.: Tracking the UFO’s paths: using eye-tracking for the evaluation of serious games. In: Shumaker, R. (ed.) Virtual and Mixed Reality, HCII 2011, Part I. LNCS, vol. 6773, pp. 315–324. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kiili, K., Ketamo, H., Kickmeier-Rust, M.D.: Eye tracking in game-based learning research and game design. Int. J. Serious Games 1(2), 51–65 (2014)CrossRef Kiili, K., Ketamo, H., Kickmeier-Rust, M.D.: Eye tracking in game-based learning research and game design. Int. J. Serious Games 1(2), 51–65 (2014)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kivikangas, J.M., Chanel, G., Cowley, B., Ekman, I., Salminen, M., Järvelä, S., Ravaja, N.: A review of the use of psychophysiological methods in game research. J. Gaming Virtual Worlds 3(3), 181–199 (2011)CrossRef Kivikangas, J.M., Chanel, G., Cowley, B., Ekman, I., Salminen, M., Järvelä, S., Ravaja, N.: A review of the use of psychophysiological methods in game research. J. Gaming Virtual Worlds 3(3), 181–199 (2011)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Knoepfle, D.T., Camerer, C.F., Wang, J.T.-Y.: Studying learning in games using eye tracking. J. Eur. Econ. Assoc. 7(2–3), 388–398 (2009)CrossRef Knoepfle, D.T., Camerer, C.F., Wang, J.T.-Y.: Studying learning in games using eye tracking. J. Eur. Econ. Assoc. 7(2–3), 388–398 (2009)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kruger, J.-L., Hefer, E., Matthew, G.: Measuring the impact of subtitles on cognitive load: eye tracking and dynamic audiovisual texts. In: ETSA 2013, (ed.) Eye Tracking South Africa, Cape Town: ACM New York, NY, USA ©2013. pp. 62–66 (2013) Kruger, J.-L., Hefer, E., Matthew, G.: Measuring the impact of subtitles on cognitive load: eye tracking and dynamic audiovisual texts. In: ETSA 2013, (ed.) Eye Tracking South Africa, Cape Town: ACM New York, NY, USA ©2013. pp. 62–66 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat Malone, T.W.: What makes things fun to learn? Heuristics for designing instructional computer games. In: Paper Presented to the Cognitive and Instructional Sciences, Palo Alto, CA (1980) Malone, T.W.: What makes things fun to learn? Heuristics for designing instructional computer games. In: Paper Presented to the Cognitive and Instructional Sciences, Palo Alto, CA (1980)
Zurück zum Zitat McMillan, J.H., Schumacher, S.: Research in Education: Evidence-Based Inquiry, 6th edn. Pearson, Boston (2006) McMillan, J.H., Schumacher, S.: Research in Education: Evidence-Based Inquiry, 6th edn. Pearson, Boston (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat Moreno-Ger, P., Torrente, J., Hsieh, Y.G., Lester, W.T.: Usability testing for serious games: making informed design decisions with user data. Adv. Hum. Comput. Interact. 2012, 13 (2012)CrossRef Moreno-Ger, P., Torrente, J., Hsieh, Y.G., Lester, W.T.: Usability testing for serious games: making informed design decisions with user data. Adv. Hum. Comput. Interact. 2012, 13 (2012)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Nacke, L., Drachen, A., Göbel, S.: Methods for evaluating gameplay experience in a serious gaming context. J. Comput. Sci. Sport 2010, 1–12 (2010) Nacke, L., Drachen, A., Göbel, S.: Methods for evaluating gameplay experience in a serious gaming context. J. Comput. Sci. Sport 2010, 1–12 (2010)
Zurück zum Zitat Peters, C., Qureshi, A.: A head movement propensity model for animating gaze shifts and blinks of virtual characters. Comput. Graph. 34(6), 677–687 (2010)CrossRef Peters, C., Qureshi, A.: A head movement propensity model for animating gaze shifts and blinks of virtual characters. Comput. Graph. 34(6), 677–687 (2010)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Renshaw, T., Stevens, R., Denton, P.D.: Towards understanding engagement in games: an eye-tracking study. Horizon 17(4), 408–420 (2009)CrossRef Renshaw, T., Stevens, R., Denton, P.D.: Towards understanding engagement in games: an eye-tracking study. Horizon 17(4), 408–420 (2009)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Salminen, M., Ravaja, N.: Oscillatory brain responses evoked by video game events: The case of Super Monkey Ball 2. Cyberpsychology Behav. 10(3), 330–338 (2007)CrossRef Salminen, M., Ravaja, N.: Oscillatory brain responses evoked by video game events: The case of Super Monkey Ball 2. Cyberpsychology Behav. 10(3), 330–338 (2007)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sedano, C.I., Leendertz, V., Sutinen, E., Ellis, S.: Hypercontextualized learning games: fantasy, motivation, and engagement in reality. Simul. Gaming 44(6), 1–25 (2013) Sedano, C.I., Leendertz, V., Sutinen, E., Ellis, S.: Hypercontextualized learning games: fantasy, motivation, and engagement in reality. Simul. Gaming 44(6), 1–25 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat Wechsung, I., Naumann, A.B.: Evaluation methods for multimodal systems: a comparison of standardized usability questionnaires. In: André, E., Dybkjær, L., Minker, W., Neumann, H., Pieraccini, R., Weber, M. (eds.) PIT 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5078, pp. 276–284. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)CrossRef Wechsung, I., Naumann, A.B.: Evaluation methods for multimodal systems: a comparison of standardized usability questionnaires. In: André, E., Dybkjær, L., Minker, W., Neumann, H., Pieraccini, R., Weber, M. (eds.) PIT 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5078, pp. 276–284. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Infinite Possibilities for Using Eyetracking for Mobile Serious Games in Order to Improve User Learning Experiences
verfasst von
A. Seugnet Blignaut
Copyright-Jahr
2015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25684-9_6