1 Introduction
2 Experimental Program
2.1 Materials
Initial setting time (min) | Final setting time (min) | Compressive strength (MPa) | Flexural strength (MPa) | specific surface area (m2/kg) | Consistency (Redwood method) (mm) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7-day | 28-day | 7-day | 28-day | ||||
145 | 192 | 34.5 | 58.8 | 7.2 | 10.4 | 362 | 0.5 |
Composition | CaO | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | SO3 | Loss on ignition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mass fraction | 61.16% | 21.28% | 5.93% | 3.38% | 1.64% | 2.02% | 2.26% |
Composition | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | Na2O |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mass fraction | 80–92% | 0.8–1.2% | 0.6–1.2% | 0.2–0.4% | 0.6–0.8% | 1.1–1.5% |
Composition | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | SO3 | Loss on ignition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mass fraction | 33.9–59.7% | 16.5–35.4% | 1.5–19.7% | 0.8–10.4% | 0.7–1.9% | 0.6–2.9% | 0.2–1.1% | 0.0–1.1% | 1.2–23.6% |
Mean value | 50.6% | 27.1% | 7.1% | 2.8% | 1.2% | 1.3% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 8.2% |
2.2 Mix Proportion Design
Mix proportion | No. | 5-CA (kg/m3) | 10-CA (kg/m3) | Sand (kg/m3) | Cement (kg/m3) | FA (kg/m3) | SF (kg/m3) | Fiber (kg/m3) | Water (kg/m3) | SP (kg/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
100% 5-CA + 0% 10-CA | P1 | 1738 | 0 | 0 | 471 | 47 | 35 | 0 | 122 | 8 |
75% 5-CA + 25% 10-CA | P2 | 1303 | 434 | 0 | 471 | 47 | 35 | 0 | 122 | 8 |
50% 5-CA + 50% 10-CA | P3 | 869 | 869 | 0 | 471 | 47 | 35 | 0 | 122 | 8 |
25% 5-CA + 75% 10-CA | P4 | 434 | 1303 | 0 | 471 | 47 | 35 | 0 | 122 | 8 |
0% 5-CA +100% 10-CA | P5 | 0 | 1738 | 0 | 471 | 47 | 35 | 0 | 122 | 8 |
93% 10-CA + 7% sand | PS1 | 0 | 1616 | 122 | 471 | 47 | 35 | 0 | 122 | 8 |
46.5% 5-CA + 46.5% 10-CA + 7% sand | PS2 | 808 | 808 | 122 | 471 | 47 | 35 | 0 | 122 | 8 |
93% 5-CA + 7% sand | PS3 | 1616 | 0 | 122 | 471 | 47 | 35 | 0 | 122 | 8 |
93% 5-CA + 7% sand + 0.2% fiber | PSF1 | 1616 | 0 | 122 | 471 | 47 | 35 | 5.4 | 122 | 8 |
2.3 Specimen Preparation
2.4 Test Procedure
2.4.1 Volumetric Porosity Test
2.4.2 Permeability Test
2.4.3 Compression Test
2.4.4 Durability Test
2.4.5 Image Analysis Processing and Pore Structure Characteristics Acquiring
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Pore Size
Specimens | Number of images | Average pore size, d (mm) |
---|---|---|
P1 | 6 | 4.07 |
P2 | 6 | 4.48 |
P3 | 6 | 4.59 |
P4 | 6 | 5.22 |
P5 | 6 | 5.81 |
PS1 | 6 | 6.24 |
PS2 | 6 | 5.30 |
PS3 | 6 | 4.79 |
PSF1 | 6 | 4.02 |
3.2 Pore Distribution
P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | PS1 | PS2 | PS3 | PSF1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Std1 | 16.43 | 11.77 | 16.81 | 16.17 | 14.23 | 16.83 | 14.64 | 13.99 | 13.55 |
Std2 | 13.72 | 19.19 | 15.09 | 15.84 | 18.18 | 15.12 | 15.74 | 15.30 | 14.26 |
Std1*Std2 | 225.42 | 225.87 | 253.66 | 256.13 | 258.70 | 254.47 | 230.43 | 214.05 | 193.22 |
Std | 450.95 | 485.25 | 485.31 | 495.05 | 598.15 | 646.45 | 569.15 | 509.93 | 385.95 |
3.3 Porosity
3.4 Permeability Coefficient
3.5 The Influence of Different Mix Proportion on the Pore Structure Characteristics
3.6 Compressive Strength
3.7 Durability
4 Numerical Validation
4.1 Numerical Model
4.1.1 Size Distribution of Aggregates and Pores
4.1.2 Aggregate and Pore Generation
4.1.3 Finite Element Mesh Generation and Uniaxial Compression Simulations
Density \( \rho \) (10−9 tone/mm3) | Young’s modulus E (MPa) | Poisson’s ratio \( \nu \) | |
---|---|---|---|
Aggregate | 2.5 | 70,000 | 0.2 |
Mortar | 2.2 | 25,000 | 0.2 |