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Erschienen in:
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2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Tourism: Concepts and Developments

verfasst von : Roberta Minazzi

Erschienen in: Social Media Marketing in Tourism and Hospitality

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Advancements of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have generated deep changes in the tourism sector affecting customers as well as suppliers. Travelers are more demanding and look for differentiated and personalized services. ICTs, and especially Web 2.0, offer new opportunities and resources to improve tourism organizations and destinations, competitiveness, and profitability. The first chapter discusses the evolution from Web 1.0 to Web 3.0 through the analysis of main concepts and definitions about the topic. Moreover, on the basis of literature review, a classification of social media is proposed. The main features of each type of media are examined offering specific examples of applications in the tourism industry. Finally, main trends and streams of research about social media in tourism are discussed.

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Nächstes Kapitel The Digitization of Word-of-Mouth
Fußnoten
1
Even if Web 2.0 does not represent a technical update of the WWW, some basic functionalities become very important and necessary for its operational effectiveness. Some of them are (Kaplan and Haenlein 2010): Adobe Flash, a multimedia and software platform used to add animation, interactivity and audio/video on web pages; Rich Site Summary/Really Simple Syndication (RSS), uses Web feeds to provide users frequently updated content (news headline, audio, video, etc.) in a customized way; Asynchronous Java Script (AJAX), a group of technologies and interrelated techniques that provide a method for exchanging data asynchronously between browser and server to avoid full page reloads.
 
2
According to Gasser and Palfrey (2007) “ICT interoperability is what we might describe as the ability to transfer and render useful data and other information across systems (which may include organizations), applications, or components.” Although the more widespread definition focuses in particular on technological aspects, interoperability is a broad concept which can change according to the context in which it is applied.
 
3
This topic will be dealt with in-depth in the next sections.
 
4
The word “wiki” comes from the Hawaiian word “quick,” WikiWiki (www.​wikipedia.​com).
 
5
See www.​wikipedia.​com consulted October 2013.
 
6
For further insights on the conceptualization of SOC, see McMillan and Chavis (1986).
 
7
A study of Nacht and Chaney (2007) found that intranet blogs can be very useful for training and, in general, for communication with staff members, especially when they are based in different locations.
 
8
The names of the hotel and the guest were intentionally removed.
 
9
The hotel name in this example is intentionally a fictional name.
 
10
Many SNSs offer some form of privacy by allowing their users to choose a public, private or limited viewing profile. Privacy policies of SNSs differ depending on the social network. Chapter 6 offers a more in-depth analysis of privacy implications.
 
11
The initial purpose of Mark Zuckerberg upon creating Facebook was to allow university students to create and maintain social relations.
 
12
In online virtual games players can create their avatars who can change in each game but derive inspiration from existing characters. New games are trying to multiply the possibility of free choices within this process.
 
13
The study reports about the results for France (influential, 30 %; extremely influential, 19 %), Germany (influential, 37 %; extremely influential, 23 %), and UK (influential, 39 %; extremely influential, 22 %).
 
14
The classification of the travel planning process in pre-trip, during-trip and post-trip was proposed by Engel, Blackwell and Miniard in 1990 and is one of the most widely used by scholars in research on social media influence on travel-decision making.
 
15
The study TripAdvisor/TripBarometer (2013) found that travelers are more and more connected also during the trip and main activities are uploading photo (39 %) and news (34 %) on social networks and finding activities to do at the destination (33 %). The research was conducted on 15,595 TripAdvisor users in the period December 2012–January 2013.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Tourism: Concepts and Developments
verfasst von
Roberta Minazzi
Copyright-Jahr
2015
Buch
Social Media Marketing in Tourism and Hospitality

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-05181-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-05182-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2015

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05182-6_1