Innovating Business and Education for Sustainable Development

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Frontmatter

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2. Chapter 1. Introduction: Redefining Value, Integrating Profitability, Environmental Stewardship and Social Equity

   • Open Access

   Mahmoud Al-Kilani, Arie Hans Verkuil

   Abstract

   Faced with the simultaneous imperatives of profitable growth, alignment with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and mounting geopolitical uncertainty, firms, educators and policy-makers need evidence about what actually works. This volume, spanning 23 peer-reviewed chapters from Europe, Africa and Asia, meets that need by weaving together theory, data and practice across five themes:

   • Part 1 shows how circular-economy design, smart regulation and industrial symbiosis can reduce the use of raw materials in some cases by up to an astonishing 80% whilst at the same time protecting fiscal margins.
   • Part 2 demonstrates that living wages, community-owned renewables and gender-responsive climate finance can lift incomes and resilience without eroding competitiveness.
   • Part 3 bridges business and academia, revealing how eco-labelling, behavioural “nudges” and SDG-infused curricula can shift consumer choices and graduate career paths towards sustainability.
   • Part 4 highlights that innovation mechanisms such as circularity-screened corporate venture funds, stackable micro-credentials and hybrid university incubators can accelerate the diffusion of low-carbon solutions.
   • Part 5 widens the lens to lifelong learning and workforce policy, mapping green-skills frameworks, blended finance models and indigenous knowledge integration.

   Collectively, the book translates sustainability pressures into actionable frameworks, measurable environmental gains and inclusive economic value, offering scholars and practitioners a roadmap for embedding environmental stewardship and social equity at the heart of competitive strategy.

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3. Circular Economy

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Chapter 2. Toward Net Positive: Integrating “Regeneration” into Ecosystem Thinking

      • Open Access

      Sabrina Tabares

      Abstract

      As businesses progress along the archetypal hierarchy of sustainability—shifting from sustainable and circular economy models to regenerative and net-positive approaches—new challenges and demands emerge. While the ecosystems literature has explored and conceptualized circular ecosystems, our understanding of regenerative ecosystems remains limited. To address this gap, this study adopts a systemic perspective on regenerative business, drawing from regenerative business model literature and ecosystems theory to illuminate the principles and structural formation of regenerative ecosystems. A systemic view of regenerative business is articulated through core principles of regeneration, including interconnectedness, process orientation, collaboration and interdependence, transformation, and adaptive capacity. The study identifies key dimensions of regenerative ecosystems, such as purpose, actors, value, activities, governance systems, relationships, and learning and reflexivity. Seeking to expand traditional perspectives on sustainability and circularity, this chapter offers a novel theoretical perspective on how businesses can foster systemic regeneration beyond circularity.

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   3. Chapter 3. Technological Dimensions for Sustainable Business Development: An Integrated Framework Covering Energy, Materials, Circularity, and Digitalization

      • Open Access

      Manuel Lämmle

      Abstract

      This chapter presents a comprehensive exploration of the technological dimensions for developing and innovating sustainable business models. Historically, sustainability frameworks have centered around three key dimensions—environmental, social, and economic—as introduced in the Brundtland report from 1987 and further reinforced by the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Technological dimensions of sustainability are often overlooked, despite rapid technological and digital innovations and the increasing significance of technology in enabling or hindering sustainability. Focusing on the technological domains of energy, materials, and the circular economy, this chapter highlights their relevance in conserving resources and driving circular business concepts. Digital technologies—such as data science, machine learning (ML), and digital twins—are emphasized as cross-disciplinary tools that enable, accelerate, and optimize digital processes. These four technological dimensions are methodologically derived from the broader definition of sustainability in the context of technology. The chapter also outlines the core competencies required for sustainability leaders, proposing a T-shaped skill model that combines broad technological literacy with deep sustainability expertise. In doing so, the technological sustainability framework serves as the curricular foundation for the technology pillar in the trinational study program “Sustainable Business Development” at Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz (FHNW), Hochschule Offenburg, and EM Strasbourg Business School.

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   4. Chapter 4. Circular Brewery: A Transformational Journey to the Circular Economy

      • Open Access

      Valéry Bourquard, Isabelle Hirs, Ada Janka, Max-Alexandre Rodriguez, Dominik Wörner

      Abstract

      This chapter examines the integration of circular economy principles in the brewing industry, focusing on the transition from linear to circular production and resource-efficient models. Through a literature review and the analysis of different brewing companies, the research analyzes how the brewing industry implements circular practices and to what extent these approaches align with established theoretical principles.

      Key findings reveal significant potential of revalorizing brewery by-products, transforming these into animal feed, human food, bioactive compounds, or bioenergy. Innovative approaches such as wastewater recycling and biogas production further showcase the industry’s ability to close resource loops. Notable examples include a Swiss brewery, which implements advanced heat recovery systems and utilizes biogas for energy needs.

      Despite these advances, financial constraints, technical challenges, and regulatory barriers hinder widespread adoption, particularly for small breweries. This chapter underscores untapped opportunities, including Scope 3 emission reductions and enhanced by-product utilization. Achieving a fully circular brewing industry requires long-term investment, stakeholder collaboration, and consumer engagement.

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   5. Chapter 5. Overcoming Barriers: How Information Gaps Hinder Recycling and Circularity

      • Open Access

      Barbara Eisenbart, Josua Käser

      Abstract

      Moving from a linear to a circular economy supports sustainable material use through recycling and other measures. However, information gaps act as a barrier to effective waste and recycling implementation. This chapter examines different information gaps and their impact on circular economy practices in the construction industry, with a focus on plastic roof membranes.

      This study employs the design science research methodology. To identify barriers, seven interviews and a workshop were conducted at an international roof system company headquartered in Switzerland. This chapter uses theories on information gaps to analyze barriers to recycling and the significant challenges associated with their practical implementation. It explores how different information gaps hinder collaboration between different stakeholders in the construction industry.

      The study identifies various information gaps in the three interrelated areas: material composition, process flows, and stakeholders. It also categorizes key stakeholders into three relevant groups: manufacturing and production, construction and demolition, and waste management and recycling. A key finding is that the existing literature lacks details on the concrete challenges and problems that stakeholders face in practice. A detailed understanding of information gaps highlights the complexity of the recycling process and encourages recycling implementation. By addressing these gaps, businesses can better align sustainability goals with practical challenges.

      The study bridges the gap between business challenges and sustainability goals. Closing information gaps in material composition helps identify diverse types of waste, enabling tailored disposal or recycling strategies. Improved process flows reveal inefficiencies and enable targeted improvements. Stakeholder engagement ensures collaboration, which is essential for waste management efforts. While the findings focus on the construction industry, the approach can inspire similar efforts in other industries, driving the transition to a circular economy.

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4. Social Impact

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Chapter 6. Job-Related Stress, Employee Embeddedness, and Hedonic Workplace Well-Being: A Study of Employees in Knowledge-Intensive Services in Vietnam

      • Open Access

      Nguyen-Hau Le, Khanh-Ngoc Nguyen

      Abstract

      In the modern working environment, job-related stress has become a common issue that threatens the well-being of the workforce in many companies worldwide. Drawing on the employee embeddedness perspective, this study examines how job-related stress impacts employees’ hedonic workplace well-being. A structural model has been developed and tested on the dataset comprising 193 professionals in IT consulting services in Vietnam. The findings indicate the positive effects of perceived job fit and organizational links on employees’ hedonic workplace well-being. Moreover, job-related stress affects hedonic workplace well-being directly and indirectly through perceived job fit. However, job-related stress does not impact perceived organizational links, a significant driver of well-being. Theoretical and practical implications are then discussed.

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   3. Chapter 7. Emergence of Dual Missions in Early-Stage Social Ventures: A Model for Social and Economic Sustainability

      • Open Access

      Irina Popova, Mahmoud Al-Kilani

      Abstract

      The emergence of dual missions, social and economic, in early-stage social ventures (SVs) is critical for their sustainability, yet it remains underexplored in the literature. This conceptual paper applies the model of dual mission management, originally developed for growth-stage SVs, to examine how dual missions emerge in nascent SVs. Drawing on longitudinal ethnographic data from an SV incubator in the United Kingdom, we present two illustrative vignettes to demonstrate the challenges and processes involved in achieving social and economic sustainability. Our findings highlight the importance of external support networks and learning in enabling nascent social entrepreneurs to identify and connect their economic mission with their social mission. We propose that the emergence of an economic mission is a prerequisite for mission spillover effects (MSEs) and sustainable outcomes. This chapter contributes to the literature by offering a model for understanding dual mission emergence in early-stage SVs and suggests avenues for future empirical research.

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   4. Chapter 8. A Study of Homestay Startups for Senior Women Entrepreneurs in India: Sustainability, Equity, and Empowerment

      • Open Access

      Minu Mehta, Boishampayan Chatterjee

      Abstract

      This chapter builds a model for homestay businesses for senior women entrepreneurs and seeks to understand the possibility and challenges of commercialization of existing endowments at one’s disposal for a possible profitable venture. The chapter focuses on women homeowners in the age bracket of 60 years or more. In India, most people retire from active employment around 60 years of age, and it becomes increasingly difficult for most of them to find avenues of income generation that accommodate their age-related physical and mental challenges. This is all the more true for senior women. The authors argue that homestay businesses can fill this gap. A homestay business model falls in the category of sustainable innovation as it offers the woman the opportunity to monetize both her experience as a homemaker and the home itself. Thus, it paves the way for social and economic empowerment for women in their advanced age. An exploratory model is built to understand the intention of senior women homeowners to translate their functionality into capability and the underlying challenges thereof. Since homestay businesses offer an opportunity to utilize their existing skill sets and resources, the newly created entrepreneurs can become agents of change. This could, therefore, become a sustainable business venture for senior women, utilizing their pre-existing facility and functional ability for their socio-economic well-being. The chapter develops a conceptual framework to explore the idea that the functional knowledge that women homemakers possess is an expertise that can enhance the capability of becoming a successful entrepreneur. Furthermore, the chapter explores the possible challenges and policy interventions that can encourage more elderly women to optimize the commercial opportunity of converting their existing residences to homestay businesses.

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5. Sustainable Marketing and Sales in International Markets

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Chapter 9. The Sustainability Marketing Canvas: From Conceptual Chaos to Coherence

      • Open Access

      Nikolina Fuduric

      Abstract

      Historically, marketing has made a questionable impact on environmental and social sustainability due to a conceptual and level-of-analysis fragmentation. This disjointedness not only impedes theoretical advancement but also hinders the implementation of coherent and sustainable actions. The challenges facing our planet—such as climate change, resource scarcity, biodiversity loss, and social degradation—necessitate a paradigm shift in production and consumption patterns. Marketing, as a discipline with a broad interdisciplinary reach, is uniquely positioned to contribute to meaningful solutions to these sustainability challenges.

      This chapter introduces the need for and the logic of the Sustainability Marketing Canvas (SMC), a decision-making framework. It integrates the traditional 7Ps of marketing with the dimensions of Planet and People from the Triple Bottom Line. The logic of the SMC is further elucidated through an industrial taxonomy developed during a pilot study conducted at Hilti AG. The study, implemented across two of Hilti’s business units, aimed to facilitate measurability, comparability, and strategic planning.

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   3. Chapter 10. Marketing Strategies of Chinese Online Platforms in Switzerland

      • Open Access

      Dominik Reust

      Abstract

      Chinese online platforms, particularly Temu, have rapidly expanded in Switzerland, leveraging innovative marketing strategies and operational efficiencies. Despite being a relatively new entrant, Temu has positioned itself as a formidable competitor to established Swiss and global players such as Digitec Galaxus, Interdiscount, Brack, Amazon, and Zalando, capitalizing on Switzerland’s affluent consumer base. This success is primarily attributed to its focus on ultra-low pricing, dynamic supply chain management, and advanced digital engagement tactics.

      Temu utilizes a consumer-to-manufacturer (C2M) and a direct-to-consumer (D2C) model, bypassing traditional intermediaries to streamline its supply chain and reduce costs. Its marketing strategies are tailored to local market conditions, emphasizing high visibility on social media platforms such as Instagram and TikTok. By targeting younger, digitally literate audiences, Temu effectively aligns its offerings with consumer expectations, particularly through mobile-first experiences and personalized product recommendations.

      However, Temu’s aggressive market penetration has not been without controversy. The company faces allegations of unethical practices, including the use of manipulative web designs, misleading discount policies, and inadequate adherence to legal standards. Actions by European regulatory bodies, including the European Commission and national consumer protection agencies, highlight ongoing scrutiny over its compliance with local laws and guidelines, particularly in relation to the Digital Services Act (DSA).

      Sustainability remains a critical area of concern for Temu. While the company promotes initiatives such as recycled product lines and carbon offset programs, these efforts are often criticized for lacking transparency and failing to address broader issues such as overproduction and environmental impact. Enhanced transparency and independent audits could significantly improve Temu’s credibility in this domain.

      Temu’s adaptability in addressing regulatory challenges suggests its potential to maintain a competitive edge. Should Temu align its operations with European and Swiss regulations, it is likely to maintain its competitive edge while reshaping consumer expectations in the Swiss e-commerce market. Its success underscores the need for local retailers to reassess their marketing and pricing strategies and operational efficiencies in response to this growing competition.

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   4. Chapter 11. An Investigation into How Data Privacy and Data Security Concerns Affect Consumer Trust Within Sharing Economy Platforms in South Africa: A Case of E-Hailing Platforms

      • Open Access

      Marié Hattingh, Koketso Motiang

      Abstract

      The sharing economy platform (SEP) has evolved significantly since the 1990s, driven by advancements in digital technologies such as the Internet, cloud computing, and big data. Its rapid growth has introduced significant economic benefits and new business models. However, it has also raised critical concerns regarding data privacy and data security. These concerns are critical in the SEP, where large amounts of consumer data are collected, raising fears of misuse and cyber-related incidents. Such issues can deter consumers from using platform services. This study investigated how data privacy and data security concerns influence consumer trust within the SEP, focusing on Uber and Bolt within the transportation sector in South Africa. A survey research strategy was used to collect data through semi-structured interviews with 14 Uber or Bolt users. The data was analysed using thematic analysis using the constructs of the privacy calculus theory to classify the themes that emerged from the data. The study reveals significant data privacy concerns, including unauthorised use of personal information and unwanted communications, and data security concerns such as cyber incidents and policy and security deficiencies. These concerns have an impact on consumer trust and continued use of the platforms. The findings of this study will provide insights for platform providers on how to address consumer concerns and improve service offerings.

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   5. Chapter 12. Nearshoring in Central Eastern Europe: The Evolution of Shared Service Centers and Global Business Services

      • Open Access

      Marcel Hirsiger

      Abstract

      This chapter examines the evolution of service and production nearshoring in Central Eastern Europe, with a particular focus on Poland. It explores the increasing tendency of companies to outsource their business processes to countries that are geographically and culturally closer to their own, with the aim of reducing costs and enhancing operational flexibility. The trend is further strengthened by global events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical tensions. Nearshoring offers numerous advantages, including the ability to respond more quickly and reduce CO₂ emissions. Poland has been successful in establishing itself as an attractive location for nearshoring, with a growing number of SSCs and a skilled workforce. Finally, the importance of sustainability and cultural proximity in nearshoring strategies is emphasized.

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   6. Chapter 13. Impact of Digital Transformation on Export Performance and Sustainability of SMEs in Vietnam

      • Open Access

      Minh Chuong Truong, Nguyen Gia Ky Tran, Quoc Trung Pham

      Abstract

      Digital transformation is very important for all enterprises to improve their performance in the digital age. However, it is difficult for SMEs to adopt digital transformation to gain competitive advantages and achieve sustainable development. This study explores the impact of digital transformation on the export performance and sustainability of SMEs in Vietnam. It investigates how digital transformation influences export performance and contributes to the long-term sustainability of SMEs, focussing on the enabling role of digital tools and the ways these technologies contribute to sustainability. The research employs a quantitative approach, using a structured questionnaire to gather data from a sample of SMEs in Vietnam. The study is guided by the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and the Resource-Based View (RBV) to develop hypotheses and a research model. The research suggests practical implications for SME managers to leverage digital transformation to enhance their international competitiveness and achieve sustainable growth. In particular, the research suggests that SME managers invest in digital literacy and IT capabilities to strengthen export performance, while also utilizing digital tools to enhance international market insights and supply chain efficiency, ultimately fostering economic sustainability.

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6. Business Ecosystems and Governance

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Chapter 14. Geopolitics and Corporate Governance: Are Boards of Directors Prepared for an Era of Global Uncertainty?

      • Open Access

      Beat Habegger

      Abstract

      In an era of increasing geopolitical uncertainty, businesses must navigate a complex landscape shaped by trade conflicts, national security concerns, and shifting global power dynamics. While corporate leaders acknowledge the growing significance of geopolitics, it remains unclear whether boards of directors possess the necessary competencies to assess and respond to these challenges. This article examines the extent to which geopolitical expertise is integrated into the qualification profiles of board members in Germany’s DAX 40 companies. Using an empirical analysis of qualification matrices mandated by the German Corporate Governance Code (GCGC), the article assesses whether boards include members with geopolitical skills and expertise. Findings indicate a pronounced lack of geopolitical expertise, as most firms fail to adopt systematic approaches for integrating such competencies into board composition. The article concludes with practical recommendations for strengthening board-level geopolitical expertise through targeted recruitment and training. Given the rising strategic relevance of geopolitics, boards that fail to integrate such expertise risk impairing their ability to guide companies in an increasingly fragmented global economy.

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   3. Chapter 15. Reporting on Non-Financial Matters: Recent Developments and their Impact on the Internal Control System (ICS)

      Duties of the Board of Directors and Management to be Extended in Swiss Companies

      • Open Access

      Basil Sommerhalder, Emilio Sutter, Petra Schwick

      Abstract

      In 2008 and 2012, important revisions of the Swiss Code of Obligations (CO) were implemented regarding the ICS. In the meantime, the ICS has become an important part of governance, compliance management, and auditing for Swiss companies. Following the rejection of a popular initiative on corporate responsibility in 2020, international pressure on Swiss legislators increased significantly. Although Art. 964ff CO on the transparency on non-financial matters concerning Swiss companies entered into force in 2022, international pressure persists. Current climate discussions and the efforts of the European Union (EU) regarding the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) continue to put pressure on Swiss companies to make their non-financial efforts visible.

      In parallel to mandatory financial reporting according to Art. 964ff CO, many Swiss companies prepare information on non-financial matters voluntarily. However, the debate on the national response regarding increased international pressure, e.g., to the CSRD, started at the meeting of the Federal Council on June 26, 2024. The draft of the new law anticipates that the Federal Council wants to expand the duty to prepare reports on non-financial matters on more companies. In particular, non-public companies exceeding certain thresholds would additionally be obliged. The Federal Council also anticipates to introduce an audit obligation—a novelty with regard to non-financial matters in Switzerland.

      Moreover, reporting on non-financial matters is not to be underestimated and needs to be integrated into management processes. The ICS is an effective instrument for this purpose. This article demonstrates how internal control can help Swiss companies reduce their risks as well as operationally support the achievement of non-financial goals and aims to provide practical recommendations.

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   4. Chapter 16. Sustainability Reporting by Pension Funds: How to Achieve Credibility?

      • Open Access

      Christina Meier, Matthias Härri

      Abstract

      Pension funds are expected to align their investment strategy with climate targets and ESG. To avoid criticism of greenwashing, there is a growing need for credible communication and transparency on ESG. Switzerland has a long tradition of self-regulation in the financial sector, so it is not surprising that the Swiss Pension Fund Association (ASIP) published an ESG reporting standard for its members in 2022, which is to be applied for the first time for the 2023 financial year.

      We analyze the first experiences and challenges of large pension funds with the implementation of the ASIP standard, where the opportunities and challenges lie and what best practice recommendations can be derived for the future.

      We regularly exchange experiences with stakeholders from various pension funds, in our role as responsible for the Swiss Association for Responsible Investments (SVVK-ASIR) and as a member of the Board of Directors of the Basellandschaftliche Pensionskasse (blpk). In 2023, this exchange was formalized through interviews with representatives of Swiss pension funds and resulted in a bachelor’s thesis, which forms the original basis for this paper (Meier Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung durch Vorsorgeeinrichtungen in der Schweiz - Handlungsempfehlungen für ein glaubwürdiges Reporting. Bachelor Thesis. Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, Hochschule für Wirtschaft., 2023). The main findings, the experience of pension funds since then and developments and changes in self-regulation are presented in this text.

      Key Findings: ESG reporting is complex and is aimed at a heterogeneous audience with different levels of knowledge and information needs. We find that the preparation is associated with considerable time and effort. Although there are improvements in the definition of relevant key figures, the reliable availability still appears to present some challenges. To maintain the credibility of the reporting and to prevent accusations of possible greenwashing, we propose that the best way forward is transparent and honest reporting, that also clearly identifies the problems and challenges where targets have not yet been met.

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   5. Chapter 17. Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Decision-Making: Will AI Trustworthiness Facilitate Progress Towards Sustainability?

      • Open Access

      Marta Ottogalli, Ben Sebian

      Abstract

      Decision-makers, from governments to the private sector, are pressured to tackle global sustainability challenges. Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) aim to help decision-makers by simplifying access to a large amount of information, addressing data gaps, improving decisions’ efficiency, automating burdensome processes and more. Humans have been reluctant to adopt AI to take decisions, even when, in some cases, it has proven to outperform humans’ judgement. Hence, the research aims to investigate the influencing factors that generate algorithm aversion among decision-makers during decision-making processes aimed at addressing sustainability challenges. Through a series of mixed research methods, participants including governments, the private sector and intergovernmental organisations (IGOs) took part in the preliminary research by completing a scenario-based survey and semi-structured interviews to further investigate algorithm aversion during sustainability decision-making. It must be noted that a multi-stakeholder approach is necessary to coordinate groups of stakeholders that are required to drive sustainable progress. This preliminary study showed that there is algorithm aversion and as a result: (i) Decision-makers are not willing to use AI cost-benefit analysis models that they do not understand to evaluate decisions; (ii) Decision-makers are more interested in using AI technologies that are based on factors they have helped co-design; (iii) Decision-makers are mostly interested in automating secondary tasks that can help identify the correct data and information to take a decision effectively; (iv) Decision-makers are interested in using AI that helps them identify knowledge that can directly support their decisions.

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7. Education for Economic and Sustainable Development

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Chapter 18. Interdisciplinary, Practice- and Project-Oriented Sustainable Business Education in a Swiss University of Applied Sciences and Arts

      • Open Access

      Stefanie Flotho, Craig Thorrold, Andrea Ochsner

      Abstract

      Business students are highly motivated to apply entrepreneurial principles to deal with real-world problems. However, tertiary business education continues to emphasize theory over practice and abstract models over real-life problem-solving. Two related courses in the internationally-oriented IBM bachelor degree programme of the School of Business of the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW) seek to provide a student-driven, project-oriented, international and interdisciplinary learning experience that extends beyond the conventional lecture format.

      The first course focuses on evaluating real-world examples of sustainability in economics. It thereby provides a framework for understanding sustainability challenges in the broader economic sphere and for identifying sustainability opportunities in the business world. The second course focuses on presentation skills in English through the preparation of an entry for the Swiss Sustainability Challenge. The aim of the course is to teach communication skills through a motivating entrepreneurial project in which students can apply the knowledge gained in the course on sustainable economics.

      Together the courses aim to promote independent project creation amongst students in an international context. The objective is to inspire entrepreneurial thinking, foster innovation and provide both intellectual and skills-based tools for leading and implementing the transformation across national borders towards a sustainable economy.

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   3. Chapter 19. Collaboration Between Universities and SMEs for Value Co-Creation in Business Model Innovation for Sustainability

      • Open Access

      Michael von Kutzschenbach, Ananda Wyss, Maya Hoveskog, Joakim Tell, Fatima Khitous

      Abstract

      True value co-creation initiatives on Business Model Innovation for Sustainability (BMIfS) are essential for universities and Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) for addressing the challenges created by the wicked problem of sustainability. Currently, however, such inter-organizational collaboration initiatives are understudied. This article, which examines two inter-organizational collaboration initiatives involving two universities and two SMEs that were engaged in true value co-creation in BMIfS, makes a two-fold contribution. The article unravels the opportunities and risks associated with two true value co-creation BMIfS initiatives (between university students and SME managers) and proposes a set of key principles underpinning the success of inter-organizational collaboration for true value co-creation in BMIfS.

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   4. Chapter 20. Fostering Sustainable Development through IT Service-Learning: Insights from Rural South Africa

      • Open Access

      Rouxan Colin Fouché, Liezel Nel

      Abstract

      Information Technology Service-Learning (ITSL) projects are essential for bridging digital literacy gaps in underserved communities such as Botshabelo, South Africa. Despite global technological advancements, many individuals in such areas lack basic computer skills crucial for employment and personal development. The ITSL project implemented in Botshabelo aimed to empower unemployed and computer-illiterate community members through practical training and fostering digital inclusion. This study investigates the lasting impacts of this initiative, exploring how participation has influenced participants’ digital literacy levels, employment opportunities, and community engagement. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, data was collected through semi-structured interviews 16 months after the project’s conclusion. The findings, analysed through the lenses of digital divide theory, social capital theory, and asset-based community development, reveal significant improvements in digital literacy and self-confidence among participants, many of whom transitioned from unemployment to employment or career advancement. Additionally, some participants became digital literacy advocates within their community. These results underscore the transformative potential of ITSL programs in promoting sustainable development and economic growth in rural settings. The study concludes that service-learning initiatives can effectively enhance socio-economic opportunities and foster community collaboration, suggesting broader applications for similar projects in other underserved communities globally. This highlights the critical role of digital literacy in achieving broader sustainability goals.

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   5. Chapter 21. Preparing the Youth for the Workforce of Tomorrow: Investigating Virtual Reality (VR) in Higher Education Institutions (HEI)

      • Open Access

      Sunet Eybers, Bester Chimbo, Charlotte Lungile Hlengwa, Lario Malungana, Tebatso Gina Moape

      Abstract

      Innovative technologies and teaching approaches have become a necessity in our digital society. Higher Education Institutions cannot afford to be left behind as they are responsible for educating and exposing our youth to these technologies while transferring knowledge and skills in innovative ways. The objective of this study was to investigate what research has been published on the topic of virtual reality in higher education institutions whilst also considering how virtual reality was used in these environments. A systematic literature review was conducted, and it resulted in 193 articles. Nineteen subject areas were identified, of which general education, engineering, and medicine were the most prevalent. In each subject area, a short description of how virtual reality was used was included. The study identified the scope for future investigation into computer science and information technology, chemistry, construction, entrepreneurship, geography, healthcare, horticulture, library science, mathematics, and sustainability.

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   6. Chapter 22. Transforming Education with AI: Sustainable Curriculum Development Approaches

      • Open Access

      Havisha Vaghjee

      Abstract

      The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in designing curricula has been a key tool in developing sustainability in education worldwide. As instructors and policymakers work toward adopting inclusiveness and diversification in classrooms, the application of AI-powered analytics is an effective tool in developing personalized student experiences around each student’s individual needs. This is not only an added value in student engagement but is an assistance in providing academic success by considering varied student modes of learning and capabilities. Using AI to analyze vast amounts of teaching and learning-related data helps education stakeholders determine areas to be improved upon, emerging trends, and pre-existing gaps to empower better curricula development. The use of such data helps ensure educational content is topical, relevant, and efficient in addressing changing requirements in this modern era. In addition, the collaboration between educators and artificial intelligence tools allows for better creativity and an innovative environment, which enhances the learning experience and promotes critical thinking and problem-solving skills. For this research work, a systematic literature review approach will be used to understand the application of artificial intelligence in developing curriculum, while looking into the AI-related innovative tools that can be used in teaching and learning, the benefits to be gained, and the challenges encountered. Undeniably artificial intelligence has a lot of promise for education, however, the ethical challenges associated with its adoption and use need to be addressed. An ethically responsible approach has to be maintained in handling confidential data, thus improving equity and transparency in using algorithms. A balance between the benefits gained from AI and an ethical approach will enable the creation of a viable and resilient learning environment. This study looks into the implications of using AI for curriculum development and its influence on teaching and learning. An overview of the present applications, benefits, and ethical considerations of artificial intelligence in education will contribute to the discourse on how to foster more inclusive, innovative, and effective learning environments.

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   7. Chapter 23. Aligning Innovation Outcomes through Design Thinking within Business Management Studies

      • Open Access

      Sean Kruger, Dawid Alwyn Jacobus Bornman

      Abstract

      In response to the evolving demands of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), business education must equip students with future-orientated skills such as innovation, technological literacy, and entrepreneurial thinking. This study explores the utilisation of design thinking (DT) into undergraduate business management education as a means of cultivating these competencies. The study reports on a micro-level case within an African business management degree programme, where second-year students employed the Hasso Plattner Institute’s DT process in a practical group project. A comparative analysis of two successive student cohorts was used to assess the impact of DT. Findings show that the 2024 cohort outperformed the 2023 cohort in innovation, prototyping with 4IR technology, and entrepreneurship, suggesting enhanced competency in digital business models and market viability. Sustainability scores remained stable across cohorts showing a consistent emphasis on ethical business practices. Regression analysis confirmed that both innovation and prototyping constructs were significant predictors of entrepreneurial success. The findings suggest that integrating real-world calls for innovation and prototyping with 4IR technology in business management studies, guided by DT principles enhances student competencies in entrepreneurial thinking and innovation. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on experiential, interdisciplinary learning in business education and provides evidence for curriculum innovation that aligns with the future of work.

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   8. Chapter 24. Sustainable Learning Architectures for Corporate Universities as Platforms for Intrapreneurship and Change in an International Context

      • Open Access

      Rolf-Dieter Reineke, Oliver Gottschall

      Abstract

      Corporate Universities (CUs) have become integral to strategic corporate development, fostering talent, innovation, and organizational change. This study explores the evolving role of CUs as platforms for sustainable learning, intrapreneurship, and transformation in an international context. Drawing on case studies from Europe and Asia, alongside secondary empirical data and literature reviews, the research identifies core archetypes of CUs as well as best practices for their implementation.

      We observe the emergence of several key global trends shaping CUs, including the rise of digital learning platforms, AI-driven adaptive education, and a growing emphasis on sustainability. We also examine the synergy between CUs and internal consulting units, demonstrating how organizations leverage CUs to drive strategic initiatives, talent development, and cross-border knowledge sharing. This also includes the exploration of the integration of sustainability principles within CU structures, with examples from leading corporations that have embedded environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors into their learning models.

      From the case studies and our own practical experience, we highlight several challenges in CU implementation, including cultural adaptability, internal resistance, and the balance between corporate control and academic independence. Our typology of CUs follows the different development stages of a typical CU, from initial competency-based learning models to advanced strategic transformation platforms that integrate internal consulting and innovation hubs.

      Our findings suggest that successful CUs require strong executive commitment, a well-defined consulting ecosystem, and flexible organizational structures. Emerging trends indicate a shift toward network-based learning ecosystems, where CUs collaborate with universities, think tanks, and external experts to enhance their impact. Finally, we provide a set of recommendations for practitioners on structuring effective CUs that align with corporate strategy and foster long-term sustainable learning.

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