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Erschienen in:
2012 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
9. Innovative Method for Utilization of Wastewater for Security and Safety in Rural Areas
verfasst von : Hanna Obarska-Pempkowiak, Magdalena Gajewska, Ewa Wojciechowska
Erschienen in: Environmental and Food Safety and Security for South-East Europe and Ukraine
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
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Abstract
In the rural areas building of sewerage systems and central wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) often brings too high costs, due to high distances from one farm to another and terrain configuration. Individual treatment systems for each farm are a good solution. The treatment wetlands for nine individual farms were constructed in Kaszubian Lake District in summer and autumn 2009. Three configurations of reed beds were chosen. In the paper design criteria and results from 2 years of operation are presented. The average BOD removal varied from 64% to 92% and N removal from 44% to 77%. Individual construction of the treatment facilities by farmers under the supervision of technical personnel makes the framers aware of the significance of each element of the treatment process and guarantees proper future operation of the system.