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2013 | Buch

Executive Summary Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Integrated Risk Governance

Science Plan and Case Studies of Large-scale Disasters

herausgegeben von: Peijun Shi, Carlo Jaeger, Qian Ye

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : IHDP-Integrated Risk Governance Project Series

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

"Integrated Risk Governance: Science Plan and Case Studies of Large-scale Disasters" is the first book in the IHDP-Integrated Risk Governance Project Series. It consists of two parts: Part I: Integrated Risk Governance Project Science Plan, which outlines the challenge, research programme, outcomes, and implementation strategy of the IRG Project; and Part II: Case Studies of Large-scale Disasters, which includes case analyses of experience, lessons learned and recommendations on various large-scale disasters around the world, such as the Tangshan and Wenchuan earthquakes and the great ice storm in China, European heat waves, and Hurricane Katrina in the USA. The community model of integrated natural disaster risk governance and paradigm of catastrophe risk governance in China are also presented.

Prof. Peijun Shi works at Beijing Normal University, China; Prof. Carlo Jaeger works at Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany; Prof.Qian Ye works at Beijing Normal University, China.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Integrated Risk Governance Project Science Plan

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Executive Summary
Abstract
We propose a ten-year international effort in risk research to learn how to deal with risks that exceed current coping capacities.
The Scientific Planning Committee of IHDP-IRG Project, Qian Ye
Chapter 2. The Challenge
Abstract
Large-scale disasters, which exceed the current coping capacity of socio-ecological systems, are on the increase. Recent examples include the 2008 drought in Ethiopia and other African countries, China’s great ice storm of 2008, hurricane Katrina of 2005 in the U.S., the European heatwave of 2003, as well as the global financial crisis of 2008. An important feature of these disasters is the striking inequality between the vulnerability of people most exposed to the different disasters and the privileged position of others. This is part of the moral mazes (Jackall 2009) in which risk professionals nowadays operate. And in the years to come, the challenge will rise much further.
The Scientific Planning Committee of IHDP-IRG Project, Qian Ye
Chapter 3. Research Programme
Abstract
Modern risk governance is relying to a large extent on quantitative methods. These come in two major kinds, one close to the world of engineers, the other to the world of economists. Both rely on mathematical concepts and methods, and both are embedded in discourses of a less formalized kind, drawing on notions form the world of the humanities. One of the most important notions of this kind when dealing with risk and uncertainty is the idea of individual rationality.
The Scientific Planning Committee of IHDP-IRG Project, Qian Ye
Chapter 4. Outcomes
Abstract
Complexity is a key feature of socio-ecological systems, and surprises lie at the heart of risk governance. Integrated risk governance cannot evolve as the mechanical application of a few general principles.
The Scientific Planning Committee of IHDP-IRG Project, Qian Ye
Chapter 5. Implementation Strategy
Abstract
In scientific research as elsewhere, truly creative work is based on small groups of people connected by rather loose organizational ties and a strong shared culture. In this spirit, we will implement our research strategy by fostering and gradually expanding such networks. The implementation strategy, therefore, has to be simple, and the organizational structure of IRG Project shall be lean.
The Scientific Planning Committee of IHDP-IRG Project, Qian Ye
Backmatter

Case Studies of Large-scale Disasters

Frontmatter
Chapter 6. Experience, Lessons and Recommendation of China’s Response to the Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster
Abstract
The Wenchuan Earthquake occurred at 14:28 on May 12, 2008 in Sichuan Province of China. It shocked the world, caused huge losses of lives and properties of people, and had immense effects on the development of economy and society in Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Chongqing and Yunnan. In the aftermath of the earthquake, the Chinese people were remarkably united as one, and conducted powerful, orderly and effective disaster relief with great efforts in the face of daunting difficulties. They achieved a considerable success in earthquake rescue and relief, under the firm leadership of the Chinese Government via the direct command of the State Council’s Earthquake Rescue and Relief Headquarters.
Peijun Shi, Lianyou Liu, Jing’ai Wang, Wei Xu, Weihua Fang, Ming Wang
Chapter 7. Experience, Lessons and Recommendations of China’s Response to Sleet & Snow Disaster in South
Abstract
From January 10 to February 6 of 2008, the large-scale sleet & snow weather occurred in southern China for five times successively. The disastrous weather happened to coincide with the Spring Festival travel rush during the traditional Spring Festival in China, with most of the regions happened once in 50 years and some of the regions happened once in 100 years (Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management at Peking Normal University, co-funded by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Ministry of Education 2008).
Peijun Shi, Weihua Fang, Wenjie Dong, Ning Li, Wei Xu, Shi Chen
Chapter 8. Avoiding the Avoidable: Towards a European Heat Waves Risk Governance
Abstract
Climate change is already underway and will continue in the future. Measurements show that Global Mean Temperature (GMT) has already increased by 0.76 °C compared to pre-industrial levels, and the climate system is committed to an additional increase of 0.6 °C due to historic emissions (IPCC 2007). Given the recent growth in global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (GCP 2010), this temperature increase will only be the lower boundary of what the future will bring.
Wiebke Lass, Armin Haas, Jochen Hinkel, Carlo Jaeger
Chapter 9. Hurricane Katrina: A Teachable Moment
Abstract
In one of NOAA’s technical reports, it states that “Hurricane Katrina is the most costly natural disaster ever to strike the United States, and the deadliest since the Lake Okeechobee disaster (hurricane) of September, 1928. In addition, Katrina was one of the strongest storms to impact the coast of the United States during the last 100 years” (Graumann et al. 2005).
Qian Ye, Michael H. Glantz
Chapter 10. The Great Tangshan and Wenchuan Earthquakes in China: A Preliminary Comparison and Lessons Learned
Abstract
Natural hazards triggered disasters are products of both natural variability and human–environment interactions. Natural disasters are thus inherently linked to resilience and development of the coupled human–environment systems. While natural disasters have always been part of the human history, our relationship with natural disasters has been profoundly changing as humans becoming an increasingly powerful force influencing both the hazards and our vulnerability to them.
Guoyi Han, Wei Xu, Jifu Liu, Peijun Shi
Chapter 11. Comparative Study on Sleet and Snow Disaster in Southern China and Hurricane Katrina Disater in USA
Abstract
Based on the recent research on definitions of catastrophes a disaster can be determined as a catastrophe if it conforms two or more than two standards among the following four standards: (1) Fatality exceeds 10,000; (2) Direct economic losses exceed 100 billion Yuan (about 10 billion Euros); (3) Affected area exceeds 100,000 km2; and (4) Return period of hazards exceeds 50 years. The sleet & snow disaster in southern China in 2008 affected 21 provinces (municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions), and it caused the urgent evacuation of 1,660,000 people. The direct economic losses were over 151.6 billion Yuan. The affected area was approximately 1,000,000 km2. The US Hurricane Katrina had a severe impact on four states, and it caused the emergent relocation of 770,000 people. The direct economic losses were over 100 billion dollars and the affected area was approximately 400,000 km2. Both of these events can be considered as catastrophes according to the definition.
Ming Wang, Lili Lu, Peijun Shi
Chapter 12. Chinese Paradigm of Catastrophe Risk Governance
Abstract
Up until now, there has not been a unified international standard for large-scale disaster or catastrophe. Many scientists from different disciplines have proposed definitions of catastrophe from their respective angles. Experts from geoscience disciplines usually use human casualties and property losses due to disaster formative factors or affected scope as the standard for classifying a catastrophe. For example, Ma et al. (1994) regard any disaster causing deaths of more than 10,000 people or a direct economic loss of over 10 billion Yuan RMB, as an extraordinarily serious disaster.
Peijun Shi, Yanhua Liu
Chapter 13. The Community Model of Integrated Natural Disaster Risk Governance in China
Abstract
Communities are the smallest unit of government administration and the foundation for disaster prevention and reduction and risk governance. Community integrated risk governance lies at the core of improving regional and national integrated risk governance abilities. It is also an important part in improving “top down” and “bottom up” integrated risk governance modes.
Peijun Shi, Wendong Nie, Weihua Fang, Jianliang Nie, Weixing Zhang, Xiaoning Zhang, Yi Li
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Integrated Risk Governance
herausgegeben von
Peijun Shi
Carlo Jaeger
Qian Ye
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-642-31641-8
Print ISBN
978-3-642-31640-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31641-8