Integrating Sandpiper Optimization Algorithm and Secure Aware Routing Protocol for Efficient Cluster Head Selection in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a crucial role in various applications, ranging from environmental monitoring to industrial automation. secure and efficient data routing in WSNs remains a significant challenge. This paper proposes an approach for opting optimal CH in WSNs using the Sandpiper Optimization Algorithm (SOA) and Chaos-Secure Aware Routing Protocol (SARP). The methodology also enhances network lifetime, energy efficiency, packet delivery ratio, and coverage while maintaining robustness, scalability, and resource efficiency. A simulation system using Matlab R2020a and the CICIDS dataset has been used to test and evaluate the performance in terms of attack detection and mitigation mechanisms including blackhole, gray hole, and wormhole attacks the results demonstrate that the proposed methodology outperforms existing algorithms in terms of network lifetime, energy consumption 3500 J, packet delivery ratio 95%, and throughput1.2 Mbps, while effectively mitigating routing attacks. This research contributes to the advancement of secure and efficient WSNs.