Intelligence and Equity: Shaping the Future of Knowledge

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Information Behavior, Literacy, and HCI

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Safe Spaces Online: Usability Testing of a Virtual Space to Foster Digital Resilience Among LGBTQI+ Youth

      Nattharat Samoh, Songphan Choemprayong, Jintavee Khlaisang, Thomas E. Guadamuz

      Abstract

      This study examines the usability of a virtual space designed to foster digital resilience and support adolescents affected by cyberbullying. The platform, Cyber Re:New Café, aims to provide a safe, supportive, and empowering space where young people can develop coping strategies, build resilience skills, and engage meaningfully with peers and experts.

      Usability testing was conducted with ten purposively selected participants, including LGBTQI+ adolescents who had experienced cyberbullying, teacher counselors, and a psychologist. Participants interacted with the platform by completing scenario-based tasks. Data were collected through think-aloud protocols and semi-structured interviews guided by Nielsen’s heuristics, which informed the development of key usability components for youth virtual spaces.

      Findings indicate that the platform was well-received in terms of accessibility, emotional safety, and user autonomy. However, participants recommended enhancements such as adding shortcut menus for smoother navigation, real-time online status indicators to improve system clarity, and interest-based grouping or designated facilitators to foster safer and more engaging peer interactions. The study synthesized usability components tailored to virtual spaces, which encompass six key dimensions: access, control, feedback, social engagement, emotional resonance, and sustained motivation. This research contributes to HCI by demonstrating how platforms can be designed not only for functional usability but also to promote emotional safety, empowerment, and collective digital resilience among vulnerable youth populations.

   3. What Affects the Adoption of Genetic Testing? The Effects of Health Literacy, Emotion, Cancer Risk Perceptions and Media Exposure

      Baijue Li, Mengxue Ou

      Abstract

      Genetic testing has proven effective in health protection and targeted disease prevention, yet its adoption remains limited. Using data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 6, N = 3,358), a nationally representative survey in the United States, this study employs hierarchical regression to examine the role of informational and communicative factors in influencing the adoption of genetic testing. The results indicate that individuals’ understanding of medical statistics, anxiety, exposure to genetic testing on the Internet, and interpersonal communication about genetic testing are positively associated with their adoption of genetic testing, whereas mass media exposure to genetic testing is negatively related to their adoption. Additionally, cancer risk perception was not found to be associated with genetic testing adoption. Notably, exposure to content on genetic testing on mass media moderated the effects of anxiety and risk perceptions (perceived susceptibility and severity) on the adoption of genetic testing.

   4. A Tool to Formulate Interventions for Older People’s Access to Digital Services

      Dain Thomas, Gobinda Chowdhury, Ian Ruthven

      Abstract

      In our digitalized world, people seek information through the internet in everyday contexts, for example, checking bank account balance, comparing insurance policies and buying transport service tickets. Although such online financial services are being used by the public, older people may not access these services due to the grey digital divide. In order to understand their complexities with digital financial services, a tool was created from qualitative data which would enable intermediaries to quantify the factors that could contribute to the challenges faced by older people. This paper discusses how the tool was created and how it could be leveraged to facilitate older people in accessing online financial services. This tool would also assist in identifying the prevalent and diverse challenges encountered by older people from different cohorts, for example, specific ethnic minority groups. Common patterns could emerge from the data acquired through this tool that could aid in creating interventions which would reduce digital exclusion.

   5. “Kind” Versus “Wicked”: Understanding Gen Z’s Transition to Higher Education from an Information Environment Perspective

      Jaz Low, Chei Sian Lee

      Abstract

      Existing research underscores the critical role of the information environment (IE) in shaping students’ transition to university, yet the specific challenges they face in navigating this landscape remain underexplored, particularly in ways that can inform targeted support. This study addresses that gap by examining the experiences of 34 incoming first-year students from Generation Z (Gen Z). Drawing on qualitative interviews, this panel study explores how the shift from a “kind” pre-tertiary IE—defined by clarity, guidance, and reliability—to a “wicked” IE marked by fragmentation and ambiguity creates new difficulties for students in transition. Findings highlight three key areas of change: students’ evolving role from passive recipients to active information seekers, the move from centralised and authoritative sources to decentralised and less structured ones, and a perceived decline in information quality due to the absence of traditional gatekeepers. These insights situate Gen Z’s information practices within a rapidly evolving information landscape during the transition process, underscoring the need for higher education institutions to strengthen informational scaffolding through integrated official platforms, more comprehensive and transparent content, and targeted information literacy training.

   6. BookReach: A Social Platform for School Librarians to Curate and Share Inquiry-Based Learning Materials

      Shuntaro Yada, Takuma Asaishi

      Abstract

      The Japanese national curriculum increasingly emphasises inquiry-based learning (IBL), requiring school librarians to support this process by providing curated book lists. While librarians often rely on existing examples, the diverse nature of IBL makes relevant cases scarce. To address this gap, we present an online social platform, BookReach, designed for Japanese school librarians to create, share, and adapt book lists for IBL classes. This demonstration paper introduces the platform’s architecture, which integrates a unit-based curation interface with community features for sharing and adapting ‘practice cases’. A usability study with 18 participants yielded an average System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 62.36. While indicating acceptable usability, this result, when combined with qualitative feedback, highlights the critical need for open metadata on book difficulty. We will extend the platform for more social features and support longitudinal studies of real-world curation practices.

2. Information Rights, Privacy, and Data Management

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Public FOI Requests in the Philippines: Transparency at the Expense of Privacy?

      Paul Jason Perez

      Abstract

      Freedom of Information (FOI) initiatives are vital for democratic transparency, but in the Philippines, the implementation of public FOI portals has raised critical privacy concerns. This paper examines the Philippine eFOI portal, a government-run platform that publishes FOI requests and agency responses online, often revealing users’ personal information. Using a dataset of over 235,000 FOI requests between 2016 and 2024, along with Presidio, an open-source personal information analyzer, the study identifies widespread inclusion of personal and sensitive personal information despite existing privacy advisories. Analysis reveals that 44% of requests contained personal information, and 0.66% included sensitive identifiers, with agencies like OWWA and SSS having disproportionately high exposure rates. This trend is particularly acute during crisis periods like the COVID-19 pandemic, when citizens used FOI as a substitute for service portals. Results highlight systemic design flaws in the portal, user misunderstanding of FOI scope, and the absence of adequate redaction protocols. Drawing on international examples from the US, UK, and Australia, the paper argues for integrating automated de-identification tools with community oversight to promote responsible transparency. It concludes by advocating for a comprehensive FOI law in the Philippines that ensures legal safeguards, institutional accountability, and privacy protection without undermining openness.

   3. Measuring Privacy Risks for Data Asset Management

      Yi Li, Tongxin Wang, Ruilin Zhang

      Abstract

      Balancing the value release of data assets with privacy and security poses significant challenges in the era of data elementization. This paper constructs a privacy risk assessment model integrating Differential Privacy (DP) and Statistical Disclosure Control (SDC), aiming to provide a quantitative basis for setting privacy protection intensity and selecting strategies for data assets. The study first elucidates the core principles of DP and SDC and their risk quantification foundations, then proposes a privacy risk calculation framework. Using hospital electronic medical record data assets as an empirical subject, six core attributes and health risk scores are selected as variables. Four access control models simulate physician access behaviors, and their privacy protection efficacy is evaluated under DP and SDC frameworks. Results show that under the DP framework, Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) best satisfies differential privacy conditions. Under the SDC framework, Mandatory Access Control (MAC) exhibits the lowest privacy leakage risk, while Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) shows the highest. Furthermore, the contribution of key variables to risk depends on their characteristics and mechanisms. This study provides actionable references for data asset management institutions in designing privacy protection schemes.

   4. A Comprehensive Review of Research Data Sharing and Publication

      Sakura Yasuda, Emi Ishita, Yukiko Watanabe, Li Liu

      Abstract

      This study conducted a comprehensive review to elucidate research trends in data publication and sharing. 6,773 articles on data publication or sharing published between 2022 and 2024 were analyzed and assigned categories related to topics on data publication. The most common topic was “Legal systems, policies, and governance.” This category included articles discussing legal issues related to data and the impact of legal systems on data sharing. The second most common topic was “Status and impact of data sharing,” including articles on challenges in data sharing and researchers’ motivations for sharing data. In the medical field, many studies focused on “Privacy protection” and “Factors and consent for data sharing.” In contrast, research belonging to categories “Data reuse” and “Data quality” remains scarce. This review revealed that current research focuses on the infrastructure required for data sharing and the analysis of existing conditions and challenges before data publication. Meanwhile, studies addressing the post-publication phase are still limited. A systematic review focusing on post-publication aspects, such as data reuse and data quality, will be conducted.

3. Emerging Technologies in Knowledge Organization and Description, and the Future of Cultural Heritage

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Exploring GenAI’s Role in Cultural Heritage Activation and Engagement at the Dunhuang Mogao Cave Exhibition

      Jicang Xu, Yuenan Liu, Hongzhe Dong

      Abstract

      Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is increasingly playing a pivotal role in cultural heritage activation and engagement which has not been adequately understood. This study explores the role of GenAI in activating and engaging cultural heritage with a focus on how GenAI can benefit restoration, storytelling, and interaction with the cultural heritage at the Dunhuang Mogao Cave Exhibition using a direct observation method. It shows that GenAI technologies such as image-to-video, image rectification and inpainting, text-to-speech, and temporal sequence generation can boost dynamic activation and interactive narrative in the exhibition. This leads to the conclusion that GenAI is a transformative tool in the activation and engagement of cultural heritage.

   3. Research on the Knowledge Organization of the Silk Road Documentary Heritage from the Perspective of Cultural Genes

      Shanshan Li, Menghan Li, Hongyu Duan

      Abstract

      Documentary heritage constitutes a crucial witness to the Silk Road, underpinning the cultural foundation of the Belt and Road Initiative. Despite mature preservation mechanisms, there exists an imbalance between micro-level semantic analysis and macro-level cultural interpretation. To bridge this gap, the study proposes an underlying logic for decoding and translating cultural genes in China’s overland Silk Road heritage, and develops a three-stage framework based on semantic expression, associative aggregation, and scenario reconstruction. Using Zhang Qian’s missions to the Western Regions as a case, the research constructs a multi-layered semantic system from 273 data objects, encompassing resource, knowledge, and service layers. The results demonstrate how cultural genes embedded in documentary heritage can be systematically identified, semantically linked, and digitally activated, offering a novel perspective for understanding the cultural evolution of the Silk Road.

   4. Towards a Digital Archivist: Applications of LLMs in Automated Web Archive Description

      Hao Zhang

      Abstract

      Generating high-quality descriptions for web archives remains a time-consuming bottleneck in digital preservation workflows. This paper explores the use of large language models (LLMs) to automate this task, focusing on fine-tuning the Qwen3-8B model on a curated corpus of human-written summaries. The resulting system produces semantically accurate and context-aware descriptions of HTML records extracted from WARC files. We integrate the model into a full-stack pipeline that handles ingestion, parsing, and AI-driven analysis. Performance is evaluated using BERTScore and MoverScore, alongside manual assessments by archivists, librarians, and archival science students. Results show low Composite Edit Rates (CER) and high user satisfaction, validating both the reliability and utility of LLMs for metadata generation. These findings highlight the potential of AI to enhance scalability, consistency, and quality in archival description practices.

   5. Disciplinary Gaps in Subject Indexing: A Structural Analysis of Controlled Vocabularies’ Breadth and Depth

      Jia Junzhi, Hu Rundong

      Abstract

      Automatic subject indexing is increasingly implemented using Large Language Models, whose performance, however fluctuates sharply across disciplines. A two-dimensional framework—breadth (surface term coverage) and depth—is introduced to to quantify the structural quality of disciplinary controlled vocabularies. Based on the German GND authority file across ten disciplines, several indicators are computed, Spearman correlation analysis reveals that higher breadth is significantly improves indexing accuracy, while excessive depth correlates negatively with performance. These findings confirm that performance hinges not on maximizing either dimension, but on achieving a breadth–depth balance. This work provides the empirical evidence that breadth–depth balance, rather than maximizing either alone, governs cross-disciplinary indexing performance, offering actionable guidance for building equitable, discipline-sensitive, LLM-compatible knowledge bases.

   6. From Digital Humanities to Artificial Intelligence Humanities: AI Applications in Knowledge Organization and Future Visions

      Shichao Luo, Yang Wang

      Abstract

      This study reviews Digital Humanities (DH) research to compare knowledge organization (KO) approaches between traditional DH and emerging Artificial Intelligence Humanities (AI Humanities). Using content analysis, we systematically examine how KO is applied in traditional DH and AI humanities. Traditional DH projects follow an “extraction-representation-storage-application” knowledge organization paradigm, focusing on improving the discoverability, accessibility, and comprehensibility of humanities knowledge. Generative AI technology widely influences and transforms the way of knowledge organization, shifting from a high technical threshold and professional knowledge requirements to simple natural language guidance, from rule-based frameworks to automatic processing with LLMs, from domain expert-led practices to intelligent user interactions, and from knowledge browsing to knowledge generation. Based on these shifts, the study proposes future directions for knowledge organization in AI humanities, providing insights for further research.

4. Ethics, Social Divides, and Lived Experiences

   1. Frontmatter

   2. The Ethics of Labor in Archives: Archival Ethnography, Memory Work, and Seeing the Unseen

      James Kevin De Jesus, Iyra Buenrostro-Cabbab

      Abstract

      This paper examines the often-invisible aspects of labor of the staff and volunteers at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani, a memorial institution in the Philippines dedicated to honoring the martyrs and heroes who fought the Marcos dictatorship. Using archival ethnography informed by community archives and feminist ethics of care, it highlights how archival work at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani is sustained through emotional, relational, and political forms of care. It argues that making these aspects visible is an ethical and political imperative, especially in under-resourced contexts deeply intertwined with trauma and resistance. In centering the lived experiences of archival workers, the paper contributes to broader discussions of care, sustainability, and justice in archives.

   3. Information Practices of Filipino Households

      Rochelle Jillian Ayroso, Jonathan Isip

      Abstract

      This study examines the household information practices of thirteen Filipino middle-income households residing in the National Capital Region (NCR) of the Philippines, drawing on Dervin’s sense-making framework and Kalms’ Theory for the Emergence of Household Information Practices. Through semi-structured interviews, the research investigates the roles, relationships, and dynamics of how Filipino households navigate the responsibilities and challenges of handling records in the household. Results show that the information practices are shaped by traditional family structures. Parents, especially mothers, act as primary recordkeepers, while older children are expected to fulfill support obligations to their younger siblings and sometimes even to their parents. These practices reflect broader expectations rooted in age, gender, and familial hierarchy. The study of their perspectives also reveals concerns on accessibility and change in practices arising from additions to the household and life transitions such as education, employment, and coming of age. Overall, the findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how Filipino families negotiate the organization, delegation, and transfer of information-related responsibilities in the domestic sphere.

5. Archival Education, Models, and Practices

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Teaching of Ethics in Archival Education: Exploring the Philippine and Vietnamese Cases

      Martin Julius Villangca Perez, Duc Ha-Minh-Minh

      Abstract

      Archivists must navigate increasingly complex moral dilemmas, yet little empirical work describes how Southeast Asian programs cultivate ethical competence. Addressing this gap, the present paper asks: how, and to what extent, ethics are taught in archival education? A qualitative comparative case study analyzed policy documents, syllabi, and assessment rubrics from two flagship institutions: the Master in Archives and Records Management (MARM) at the University of the Philippines Diliman and the archival-studies programs at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City. Findings reveal contrasting curricular philosophies. These models mirror national conditions: the Philippines compensates for limited legislation through curricular creativity, while Vietnam secures uniform conduct via legislation. The paper suggests that a hybrid approach marrying reflexive critique with regulatory literacy would better prepare Southeast Asian archivists for culturally plural, digital environments, as the cases show. By documenting current practice, it strengthens global debates on ethics pedagogy and offers region-specific guidance for curriculum designers.

   3. Records Continuum Model Implementation for Sustainability of Thai School Archives: Challenges of the Debsirin Alumni Association

      Harrit Sangpairoj, Pimphot Seelakate

      Abstract

      The research aims to analyse archive collections and examine the process of archives management of the Debsirin Alumni Association by implementing the Records Continuum Model. The above objective aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the issues and archives management process of the association, leading to the creation of a practical approach for applying the RCM in their practice for managing records and archives systems that support the operational needs, the preservation of institutional memory within school communities, institutional accountability, and school reputation in the digital era.

6. Backmatter