Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Social Indicators Research 1/2015

01.01.2015

International Convergence in Well-Being Indicators

verfasst von: Vanesa Jordá, José María Sarabia

Erschienen in: Social Indicators Research | Ausgabe 1/2015

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

We re-examine the concept of beta-convergence in living standards across countries during the period 1980–2012. In this study, well-being is assessed using the Human Development Index (HDI) which considers income aspects as well as social indicators, thus reflecting the multidimensional nature of this process. The existence of sigma convergence is evidenced in this study and hence beta convergence, as a necessary condition, is also pointed out. However, the linearity of this process has been questioned. Therefore, we apply a semiparametric specification of this process to the HDI and each of its intermediate indices. These models allows for nonlinearities in the estimation of the convergence speed. Our results reveal that absolute convergence in human well-being is satisfactorily represented by the conventional linear specification. However the income and education indices show nonlinear patterns. We also include structural variables to capture differences in the steady-state (conditional convergence). Under this model, convergence speed of all indicators is higher and the convergence process seems to be linear only for the health index.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Fußnoten
1
This specification of convergence has been criticized for the so-called Galton’s fallacy problem and the inability to reflect the existence of multiple poles that might lead to multiple stable steady state equilibrium (See, e.g. Quah 1993, 1996).
 
2
The upper bounds of all sub-indicators have been redefined in order to avoid the practice of capping variables at the top of the distribution. Consequently, the new bounds has lead an increase in the variability of the intermediate indices and hence in the HDI.
 
3
The inclusion of other measures to determine the dispersion of the distribution, responds to the problems presented by the variance, which is “unsatisfactory in that were we simply to double everyone’s incomes (and thereby double mean income and leave the shape of the distribution essentially unchanged)” (Cowell 2011, 27).
 
4
We include only dummies for these two regions since they show remarkable different convergence patterns than the rest of the world being characterized as the most unequal regions (see e.g. Chotikapanich et al. 2009).
 
5
A number of studies demonstrated that there is a positive relationship between the EFW index and human well-being, see e.g. Goldsmith (1997), Gwartney and Lawson (2004), Gwartney et al (2010), Norton (1998).
 
6
Note that Mayer-Foulkes (2010) focuses on the dimensions of the HDI rather than the composite index and then no global conclusions can be achieved in terms of well-being since these different components show different convergence patterns. In fact, as stated in this paper “Each human development component follows its own set of transitions”, Mayer-Foulkes (2010, pp. 28).
 
7
For a detailed explanation of the procedure for testing the null hypothesis of non-significance of the variance component in linear mixed models with one variance component see Crainiceanu and Ruppert (2004). In that paper the finite and asymptotic distribution of the RLRT is derived to provide consistent results.
 
8
Note that in Decancq et al. (2009) the sensibility of the results to different trade-offs between dimensions is investigated in relation to the evolution of multidimensional inequality in well-being convergence. Actually, multidimensional inequality is beyond de scope of this paper. In any case, it should be stated that if we apply unidimensional inequality measures to the HDI, we are assuming some degree of substitution and complementarity among dimensions since the composite indicator follows a Cobb–Douglas type function.
 
9
The Atkinson index is decomposable but not additively, and then an interaction term is involved. The Gini index can be additively decomposable if there is no overlapping between groups, but since we are considering a regional classification, this is not the case.
 
10
The acceleration of the convergence process under the conditional framework is a common result in the literature (see Noorbakhsh (2006) and Konya and Guisan (2008) for examples related to convergence in human well-being). Note that the absolute model implies that all countries converge to the same steady state, while the consideration of structural variables allows for the existence of multiple steady state equilibrium. Then, only countries that share these characteristics are converging to the same steady state, and this process should be faster than universal convergence.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Alkire, S. (2002). Dimensions of human development. World Development, 30, 181–205.CrossRef Alkire, S. (2002). Dimensions of human development. World Development, 30, 181–205.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2010). Designing the Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). Human development research paper, 2010/28. UNDP. Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2010). Designing the Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). Human development research paper, 2010/28. UNDP.
Zurück zum Zitat Anand, S., & Sen, A. (2000). The income component of the Human Development Index. Journal of Human Development, 1, 83–106.CrossRef Anand, S., & Sen, A. (2000). The income component of the Human Development Index. Journal of Human Development, 1, 83–106.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Atkinson, A. (1970). On the measurement of inequality. Journal of Economic Theory, 2, 244–263.CrossRef Atkinson, A. (1970). On the measurement of inequality. Journal of Economic Theory, 2, 244–263.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Azomahou, T. T., Nguyen-Van, P., & Pham, T. K. C. (2011). Testing convergence of European regions: A semiparametric approach. Economic Modelling, 28, 1202–1210.CrossRef Azomahou, T. T., Nguyen-Van, P., & Pham, T. K. C. (2011). Testing convergence of European regions: A semiparametric approach. Economic Modelling, 28, 1202–1210.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 407–443.CrossRef Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 407–443.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Barro, R. J., & Sala-i-Martin, X. (1990). Economic growth and convergence across the United States. NBER working paper no. 3419. Barro, R. J., & Sala-i-Martin, X. (1990). Economic growth and convergence across the United States. NBER working paper no. 3419.
Zurück zum Zitat Barro, R., & Sala-i-Martin, X. (1992). Convergence. Journal of Political Economy, 100, 407–433.CrossRef Barro, R., & Sala-i-Martin, X. (1992). Convergence. Journal of Political Economy, 100, 407–433.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Becker, S. G., Philipson, T. J., & Soares, R. R. (2005). Quantity and quality of life and the evolution of world inequality. American Economic Review, 95, 277–291.CrossRef Becker, S. G., Philipson, T. J., & Soares, R. R. (2005). Quantity and quality of life and the evolution of world inequality. American Economic Review, 95, 277–291.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Berggren, N. (2003). The benefits of economic freedom. A survey. The Independent Review, 8, 193–211. Berggren, N. (2003). The benefits of economic freedom. A survey. The Independent Review, 8, 193–211.
Zurück zum Zitat Bilbao-Ubillos, J. (2011). The limits of Human Development Index: The complementary role of economic and social cohesion, development strategies and sustainability. Sustainable Development. doi:10.1002/sd.525. Bilbao-Ubillos, J. (2011). The limits of Human Development Index: The complementary role of economic and social cohesion, development strategies and sustainability. Sustainable Development. doi:10.​1002/​sd.​525.
Zurück zum Zitat Bilbao-Ubillos, J. (2013). Another approach to measuring human development: The Composite Dynamic Human Development Index. Social Indicators Research. doi:10.1007/s11205-012-0015-y. Bilbao-Ubillos, J. (2013). Another approach to measuring human development: The Composite Dynamic Human Development Index. Social Indicators Research. doi:10.​1007/​s11205-012-0015-y.
Zurück zum Zitat Borensztein, E., De Gregorio, J., & Lee, J. W. (1998). How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth? Journal of International Economics, 45(1), 115–135.CrossRef Borensztein, E., De Gregorio, J., & Lee, J. W. (1998). How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth? Journal of International Economics, 45(1), 115–135.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Briassoulis, H. (2001). Sustainable development and its indicators: Through a planner’s glass darkly. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 41, 409–427.CrossRef Briassoulis, H. (2001). Sustainable development and its indicators: Through a planner’s glass darkly. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 41, 409–427.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cahill, M. B. (2005). Is the human development index redundant? Eastern Economic Journal, 31, 12–19. Cahill, M. B. (2005). Is the human development index redundant? Eastern Economic Journal, 31, 12–19.
Zurück zum Zitat Chotikapanich, D., Grifiths, W., Rao, D.S.P., Valencia, V. (2009). Global Income Distribution and Inequality: 1993 and 2000. University of Melbourne research paper no. 1062. Chotikapanich, D., Grifiths, W., Rao, D.S.P., Valencia, V. (2009). Global Income Distribution and Inequality: 1993 and 2000. University of Melbourne research paper no. 1062.
Zurück zum Zitat Cowell, F. A. (2011). Measuring inequality (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Cowell, F. A. (2011). Measuring inequality (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Crainiceanu, M. C., & Ruppert, D. (2004). Likelihood ratio test in linear mixed models with one variance component. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 66, 165–185.CrossRef Crainiceanu, M. C., & Ruppert, D. (2004). Likelihood ratio test in linear mixed models with one variance component. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 66, 165–185.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat De Haan, J., Lundström, S., & Sturm, J. E. (2006). Market-oriented institutions and policies and economic growth: A critical survey. Journal of Economic Surveys, 20(2), 157–191.CrossRef De Haan, J., Lundström, S., & Sturm, J. E. (2006). Market-oriented institutions and policies and economic growth: A critical survey. Journal of Economic Surveys, 20(2), 157–191.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat De la Fuente, A. (1997). The empirics of growth and convergence: A selective review. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 21, 23–73.CrossRef De la Fuente, A. (1997). The empirics of growth and convergence: A selective review. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 21, 23–73.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Deaton, A. (2004). Health in age of globalization., Washington, DC: Brookings Trade Forum, Brookings Institution.CrossRef Deaton, A. (2004). Health in age of globalization., Washington, DC: Brookings Trade Forum, Brookings Institution.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Decancq, K. (2011). Measuring global well-being inequality: A dimension-by-dimension or multidimensional approach? Reflets et perspectives de la vie économique, 4, 179–196.CrossRef Decancq, K. (2011). Measuring global well-being inequality: A dimension-by-dimension or multidimensional approach? Reflets et perspectives de la vie économique, 4, 179–196.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Decancq, K., Decoster, A., & Schokkaert, E. (2009). Evolution of world inequality in well-being. World Development, 37, 11–25.CrossRef Decancq, K., Decoster, A., & Schokkaert, E. (2009). Evolution of world inequality in well-being. World Development, 37, 11–25.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dobson, S., Ramlogan, C., & Strobl, E. (2003). Cross-country growth and convergence: A semi-parametric analysis. Economics Discussion Papers No. 0301, University of Otago. Dobson, S., Ramlogan, C., & Strobl, E. (2003). Cross-country growth and convergence: A semi-parametric analysis. Economics Discussion Papers No. 0301, University of Otago.
Zurück zum Zitat Domínguez, R., Guijarro, M., & Trueba, C. (2011). Recuperando la dimensión política del desarrollo humano. Sistema, 220, 11–31. Domínguez, R., Guijarro, M., & Trueba, C. (2011). Recuperando la dimensión política del desarrollo humano. Sistema, 220, 11–31.
Zurück zum Zitat Durlauf, S. N. (2001). Manifesto for a growth econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, 100, 65–69.CrossRef Durlauf, S. N. (2001). Manifesto for a growth econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, 100, 65–69.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Durlauf, S. N., Kourtellos, A., & Minkin, A. (2001). The local Solow growth model. European Economic Review, 45, 928–940.CrossRef Durlauf, S. N., Kourtellos, A., & Minkin, A. (2001). The local Solow growth model. European Economic Review, 45, 928–940.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Edgier, V. S., & Tatlidil, H. (2006). Energy as an indicator of human development: A statistical approach. The Journal of Energy and Development, 31(2), 213–232. Edgier, V. S., & Tatlidil, H. (2006). Energy as an indicator of human development: A statistical approach. The Journal of Energy and Development, 31(2), 213–232.
Zurück zum Zitat Fakuda-Parr, S., Lawson-Remer, T., & Randolph, S. (2009). An index of economic and social rights fulfilment: Concept and methodology. Journal of Human Rights, 38, 195–221.CrossRef Fakuda-Parr, S., Lawson-Remer, T., & Randolph, S. (2009). An index of economic and social rights fulfilment: Concept and methodology. Journal of Human Rights, 38, 195–221.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ferrara, A. R., & Nisticò, R. (2013). Well-being indicators and convergence across Italian regions. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 8(1), 15–44.CrossRef Ferrara, A. R., & Nisticò, R. (2013). Well-being indicators and convergence across Italian regions. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 8(1), 15–44.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fiaschi, D., & Lavezzi, A. M. (2007). Nonlinear economic growth: Some theory and cross-country evidence. Journal of Development Economics, 84, 271–290.CrossRef Fiaschi, D., & Lavezzi, A. M. (2007). Nonlinear economic growth: Some theory and cross-country evidence. Journal of Development Economics, 84, 271–290.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Frankel, J. A., & Romer, D. (1999). Does trade cause growth? American Economic Review, 89, 379–399. Frankel, J. A., & Romer, D. (1999). Does trade cause growth? American Economic Review, 89, 379–399.
Zurück zum Zitat Goesling, B., & Firebaugh, F. (2004). The trend in international health inequality. Population and Development Review, 30(1), 131–146.CrossRef Goesling, B., & Firebaugh, F. (2004). The trend in international health inequality. Population and Development Review, 30(1), 131–146.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Goldsmith, A. A. (1997). Economic rights and government in developing countries: Cross-national evidence on growth and development. Studies in Comparative International Development, 32(2), 29–44.CrossRef Goldsmith, A. A. (1997). Economic rights and government in developing countries: Cross-national evidence on growth and development. Studies in Comparative International Development, 32(2), 29–44.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Greenaway, D., Morgan, M., & Wright, P. (1998). Trade reform, adjustment and growth: What does the evidence tell us? Economic Journal, 108, 1547–1561.CrossRef Greenaway, D., Morgan, M., & Wright, P. (1998). Trade reform, adjustment and growth: What does the evidence tell us? Economic Journal, 108, 1547–1561.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Grimm, M., Harttgen, K., Klasen, S., & Misselhorn, M. (2008). A Human Development Index by income groups. World Development, 36, 2527–2746.CrossRef Grimm, M., Harttgen, K., Klasen, S., & Misselhorn, M. (2008). A Human Development Index by income groups. World Development, 36, 2527–2746.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gwartney, J., & Lawson, R. (2004). Ten consequences of economic freedom. Policy Report, 268. Gwartney, J., & Lawson, R. (2004). Ten consequences of economic freedom. Policy Report, 268.
Zurück zum Zitat Gwartney, J., Lawson, R., & Hall, J. (2010). Economic freedom of the world 2010 annual report. Vancouver, BC: The Fraser Institute. Gwartney, J., Lawson, R., & Hall, J. (2010). Economic freedom of the world 2010 annual report. Vancouver, BC: The Fraser Institute.
Zurück zum Zitat Gwartney, J., Lawson, R., & Hall, J. (2013). Economic freedom of the world 2013 annual report. Vancouver, BC: The Fraser Institute. Gwartney, J., Lawson, R., & Hall, J. (2013). Economic freedom of the world 2013 annual report. Vancouver, BC: The Fraser Institute.
Zurück zum Zitat Hicks, D. A. (1997). The Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index: A constructive proposal. World Development, 25, 1283–1298.CrossRef Hicks, D. A. (1997). The Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index: A constructive proposal. World Development, 25, 1283–1298.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Huang, H. C. (2005). Diverging evidence of convergence hypothesis. Journal of Macroeconomics, 27, 233–255.CrossRef Huang, H. C. (2005). Diverging evidence of convergence hypothesis. Journal of Macroeconomics, 27, 233–255.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Islam, N. (2003). What have we learnt from the convergence debate? Journal of Economic Surveys, 17, 309–362.CrossRef Islam, N. (2003). What have we learnt from the convergence debate? Journal of Economic Surveys, 17, 309–362.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kelley, A. (1991). The Human Development Index: “Handle with Care”. Population and Development Review, 17, 315–324.CrossRef Kelley, A. (1991). The Human Development Index: “Handle with Care”. Population and Development Review, 17, 315–324.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kenny, C. (2005). Why are we worried about income? Nearly everything that matters is converging. World Development, 33(1), 1–19.CrossRef Kenny, C. (2005). Why are we worried about income? Nearly everything that matters is converging. World Development, 33(1), 1–19.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Klugman, J., Rodríguez, F., & Choi, H.-J. (2011). The HDI 2010: New controversies, old critiques. Journal of Economic Inequality, 9, 249–288.CrossRef Klugman, J., Rodríguez, F., & Choi, H.-J. (2011). The HDI 2010: New controversies, old critiques. Journal of Economic Inequality, 9, 249–288.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Konya, L. (2011). New panel data evidence of human development convergence from 1975 to 2005. Global Business and Economics Review, 13, 57–70.CrossRef Konya, L. (2011). New panel data evidence of human development convergence from 1975 to 2005. Global Business and Economics Review, 13, 57–70.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Konya, L., & Guisan, M. C. (2008). What does the human development index tell us about convergence? Applied Econometrics and International Development, 8, 19–40. Konya, L., & Guisan, M. C. (2008). What does the human development index tell us about convergence? Applied Econometrics and International Development, 8, 19–40.
Zurück zum Zitat Kovacevic, M. (2010). Review of HDI critiques and potential improvements. Human development research paper no. 33. UNDP. Kovacevic, M. (2010). Review of HDI critiques and potential improvements. Human development research paper no. 33. UNDP.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu, Z., & Stengos, T. (1999). Non-linearities in cross-country growth regressions: A semiparametric approach. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 14, 527–538.CrossRef Liu, Z., & Stengos, T. (1999). Non-linearities in cross-country growth regressions: A semiparametric approach. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 14, 527–538.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lundberg, M., & Squire, L. (2003). The simultaneous evolution of growth and inequality. The Economic Journal, 113(487), 326–344.CrossRef Lundberg, M., & Squire, L. (2003). The simultaneous evolution of growth and inequality. The Economic Journal, 113(487), 326–344.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Marchante, A. J., Ortega, B., & Sánchez, J. (2006). The evolution of well-being in Spain (1980–2001): A regional analysis. Social Indicators Research, 76, 283–316.CrossRef Marchante, A. J., Ortega, B., & Sánchez, J. (2006). The evolution of well-being in Spain (1980–2001): A regional analysis. Social Indicators Research, 76, 283–316.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Martínez, R. (2012). Inequality and the new Human Development Index. Applied Economics Letters, 19, 533–535.CrossRef Martínez, R. (2012). Inequality and the new Human Development Index. Applied Economics Letters, 19, 533–535.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mayer-Foulkes, D. (2003). Convergence clubs in cross-country life expectancy dynamics. In R. van der Hoeven & A. Shorrocks (Eds.), Perspectives on growth and poverty (pp. 144–171). Tokyo: United Nations University Press. Mayer-Foulkes, D. (2003). Convergence clubs in cross-country life expectancy dynamics. In R. van der Hoeven & A. Shorrocks (Eds.), Perspectives on growth and poverty (pp. 144–171). Tokyo: United Nations University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Mayer-Foulkes, D. (2010). Divergences and convergences in human development. Human development research paper no. 2010/20. UNDP. Mayer-Foulkes, D. (2010). Divergences and convergences in human development. Human development research paper no. 2010/20. UNDP.
Zurück zum Zitat Mazumdar, K. (2000). Inter-country inequality in social indicators of development. Social Indicators Research, 49, 335–345.CrossRef Mazumdar, K. (2000). Inter-country inequality in social indicators of development. Social Indicators Research, 49, 335–345.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mazumdar, K. (2002). A note on cross-country divergence in standard of living. Applied Economics Letters, 9, 87–90.CrossRef Mazumdar, K. (2002). A note on cross-country divergence in standard of living. Applied Economics Letters, 9, 87–90.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mazumdar, K. (2003). Do standards of living converge? A cross-country study. Social Indicators Research, 64, 29–50.CrossRef Mazumdar, K. (2003). Do standards of living converge? A cross-country study. Social Indicators Research, 64, 29–50.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McGillivray, M. (1991). The Human Development Index: Yet another redundant composite development indicator? World Development, 19, 1461–1468.CrossRef McGillivray, M. (1991). The Human Development Index: Yet another redundant composite development indicator? World Development, 19, 1461–1468.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McGillivray, M., & Markova, N. (2010). Global inequality in well-being dimensions. Journal of Development Studies, 46, 371–378.CrossRef McGillivray, M., & Markova, N. (2010). Global inequality in well-being dimensions. Journal of Development Studies, 46, 371–378.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McGillivray, M., & Pillarisetti, J. R. (2004). International inequality in well-being. Journal of International Development, 16, 563–574.CrossRef McGillivray, M., & Pillarisetti, J. R. (2004). International inequality in well-being. Journal of International Development, 16, 563–574.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McGillivray, M., & White, H. (1993). Measuring development? The UNDP’s Human Development Index. Journal of International Development, 5, 183–192.CrossRef McGillivray, M., & White, H. (1993). Measuring development? The UNDP’s Human Development Index. Journal of International Development, 5, 183–192.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McMichael, A. J., McKee, M., Shkolnikov, V., & Valkonen, T. (2004). Mortality trends and setbacks: Global convergence or divergence? The Lancet, 363(9415), 1155–1159.CrossRef McMichael, A. J., McKee, M., Shkolnikov, V., & Valkonen, T. (2004). Mortality trends and setbacks: Global convergence or divergence? The Lancet, 363(9415), 1155–1159.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Milanovic, B. (2005). Worlds apart: Measuring international and global inequality. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Milanovic, B. (2005). Worlds apart: Measuring international and global inequality. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Morris, M. D. (1979). Measuring the conditions of the world’s poor: The Physical Quality of Life Index. New York: Pergamon. Morris, M. D. (1979). Measuring the conditions of the world’s poor: The Physical Quality of Life Index. New York: Pergamon.
Zurück zum Zitat Moser, K., Shkolnikov, V., & Leon, D. A. (2005). World mortality 1950–2000: Divergence replaces convergence from the late 1980s. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 83(3), 202–209. Moser, K., Shkolnikov, V., & Leon, D. A. (2005). World mortality 1950–2000: Divergence replaces convergence from the late 1980s. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 83(3), 202–209.
Zurück zum Zitat Neumayer, E. (2001). The Human Development Index and Sustainability—A constructive proposal. Ecological Economics, 39, 101–114.CrossRef Neumayer, E. (2001). The Human Development Index and Sustainability—A constructive proposal. Ecological Economics, 39, 101–114.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Neumayer, E. (2003). Beyond income: Convergence in living standards, big time. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 14, 275–296.CrossRef Neumayer, E. (2003). Beyond income: Convergence in living standards, big time. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 14, 275–296.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Noorbakhsh, F. (1998). The Human Development Index: Some technical issues and alternative indices. Journal of International Development, 10, 589–605.CrossRef Noorbakhsh, F. (1998). The Human Development Index: Some technical issues and alternative indices. Journal of International Development, 10, 589–605.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Noorbakhsh, F. (2006). International convergence or higher inequality in human development? Evidence for 1975–2002. WIDER research paper no. 2006/15. Noorbakhsh, F. (2006). International convergence or higher inequality in human development? Evidence for 1975–2002. WIDER research paper no. 2006/15.
Zurück zum Zitat Norton, S. W. (1998). Poverty, property rights, and human well-being: A cross-national study. Cato Journal, 18, 233. Norton, S. W. (1998). Poverty, property rights, and human well-being: A cross-national study. Cato Journal, 18, 233.
Zurück zum Zitat Ogwang, T., & Abdou, A. (2003). The choice of principal variables for computing human development indicators. Social Indicators Research, 64, 139–152.CrossRef Ogwang, T., & Abdou, A. (2003). The choice of principal variables for computing human development indicators. Social Indicators Research, 64, 139–152.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat O’Leary, E. (2001). Convergence of living standards among Irish regions: The roles of productivity, profit outflows and demography, 1960–1996. Regional Studies, 35(3), 197–205. O’Leary, E. (2001). Convergence of living standards among Irish regions: The roles of productivity, profit outflows and demography, 1960–1996. Regional Studies, 35(3), 197–205.
Zurück zum Zitat Pillarisetti, J. R. (1997). An empirical note on inequality in the world development indicators. Applied Economic Letters, 4, 145–147.CrossRef Pillarisetti, J. R. (1997). An empirical note on inequality in the world development indicators. Applied Economic Letters, 4, 145–147.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pritchett, L. (1997). Divergence, big time. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11(3), 3–17.CrossRef Pritchett, L. (1997). Divergence, big time. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11(3), 3–17.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Quah, D. (1993). Galton’s fallacy and tests of the convergence hypothesis. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 95, 427–443.CrossRef Quah, D. (1993). Galton’s fallacy and tests of the convergence hypothesis. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 95, 427–443.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Quah, D. (1996). Regional convergence clusters across Europe. European Economic Review, 40, 1951–1958. Quah, D. (1996). Regional convergence clusters across Europe. European Economic Review, 40, 1951–1958.
Zurück zum Zitat Ravallion, M. (1997). Good and bad growth: The human development reports. World Development, 25, 631–638.CrossRef Ravallion, M. (1997). Good and bad growth: The human development reports. World Development, 25, 631–638.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rodrik, D., Subramanian, A., & Trebbi, F. (2004). Institutions rule: The primacy of institutions over geography and integration in economic development. Journal of Economic Growth, 9(2), 131–165.CrossRef Rodrik, D., Subramanian, A., & Trebbi, F. (2004). Institutions rule: The primacy of institutions over geography and integration in economic development. Journal of Economic Growth, 9(2), 131–165.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ruppert, D., Wand, M. P., & Carroll, R. J. (2003). Semiparametric regression. London: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Ruppert, D., Wand, M. P., & Carroll, R. J. (2003). Semiparametric regression. London: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sab, R, & Smith, S. C. (2001). Human capital convergence: International evidence (Vol. 1). IMF working paper. International Monetary Fund. Sab, R, & Smith, S. C. (2001). Human capital convergence: International evidence (Vol. 1). IMF working paper. International Monetary Fund.
Zurück zum Zitat Sagar, A. D., & Najam, A. (1998). The Human Development Index: A critical review. Ecological Economics, 25, 249–264.CrossRef Sagar, A. D., & Najam, A. (1998). The Human Development Index: A critical review. Ecological Economics, 25, 249–264.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sala-i-Martin, X. (1996). The classical approach to convergence analysis. The Economic Journal, 106, 1019–1033.CrossRef Sala-i-Martin, X. (1996). The classical approach to convergence analysis. The Economic Journal, 106, 1019–1033.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sala-i-Martin, X. (2000). Apuntes de Crecimiento Economómico (2nd ed.). Barcelona: Antoni Bosch Editor. Sala-i-Martin, X. (2000). Apuntes de Crecimiento Economómico (2nd ed.). Barcelona: Antoni Bosch Editor.
Zurück zum Zitat Sen, A. (1988). The concept of development. In H. Chenery & T. N. Srinivasan (Eds.), Handbook of development economics (pp. 9–26). Amsterdam: Elsevier. Sen, A. (1988). The concept of development. In H. Chenery & T. N. Srinivasan (Eds.), Handbook of development economics (pp. 9–26). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Zurück zum Zitat Sen, A. (1989). Development as capabilities expansion. Journal of Development Planning, 19, 41–58. Sen, A. (1989). Development as capabilities expansion. Journal of Development Planning, 19, 41–58.
Zurück zum Zitat Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Slaughter, M. J. (2001). Trade liberalization and per capita income convergence: A difference-in-differences analysis. Journal of International Economics, 55(1), 203–228.CrossRef Slaughter, M. J. (2001). Trade liberalization and per capita income convergence: A difference-in-differences analysis. Journal of International Economics, 55(1), 203–228.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70, 65–94.CrossRef Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70, 65–94.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Solow, R. M. (1957). Technical change and the aggregate production function. Review of Economics and Statistics, 39, 312–320.CrossRef Solow, R. M. (1957). Technical change and the aggregate production function. Review of Economics and Statistics, 39, 312–320.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Srinivasan, T. N. (1994). Human development: A new paradigm or a reinvention of the wheel? American Economic Review, 84, 238–243. Srinivasan, T. N. (1994). Human development: A new paradigm or a reinvention of the wheel? American Economic Review, 84, 238–243.
Zurück zum Zitat Swan, T. W. (1956). Economic growth and capital accumulation. Economic Record, 32, 334–361.CrossRef Swan, T. W. (1956). Economic growth and capital accumulation. Economic Record, 32, 334–361.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat UNDP. (1990). Human development report. Concept and measurement of human development. New York: United Nations Development Program. UNDP. (1990). Human development report. Concept and measurement of human development. New York: United Nations Development Program.
Zurück zum Zitat UNDP. (2003). Human development report. Millennium development goals: A compact among nations to end human poverty. New York: United Nations Development Program. UNDP. (2003). Human development report. Millennium development goals: A compact among nations to end human poverty. New York: United Nations Development Program.
Zurück zum Zitat UNDP (2005). Human Development Report. International cooperation at a crossroads: Aid, trade and security in an unequal world. New York: United Nations Development Program. UNDP (2005). Human Development Report. International cooperation at a crossroads: Aid, trade and security in an unequal world. New York: United Nations Development Program.
Zurück zum Zitat UNDP. (2013). Human development report. The rise of the south: Human progress in a diverse world. New York: United Nations Development Program. UNDP. (2013). Human development report. The rise of the south: Human progress in a diverse world. New York: United Nations Development Program.
Zurück zum Zitat United Nations. (2012). The millennium development goals report. New York: United Nations. United Nations. (2012). The millennium development goals report. New York: United Nations.
Zurück zum Zitat Wacziarg, R., & Welch, K. H. (2008). Trade liberalization and growth: New evidence. The World Bank Economic Review, 22(2), 187–231.CrossRef Wacziarg, R., & Welch, K. H. (2008). Trade liberalization and growth: New evidence. The World Bank Economic Review, 22(2), 187–231.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wand, M. P. (2005). SemiPar: An R package for semiparametric regression. Working paper. Wand, M. P. (2005). SemiPar: An R package for semiparametric regression. Working paper.
Zurück zum Zitat World Bank. (2001). World development report 2000/2001: Attacking poverty. Oxford: Oxford University Press. World Bank. (2001). World development report 2000/2001: Attacking poverty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat World Bank. (2006). World development report 2005/2006: Equity and development. Oxford: Oxford University Press. World Bank. (2006). World development report 2005/2006: Equity and development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat World Health Organization (WHO). (2003). The world health report: Shaping the future. Geneva: World Health Organization. World Health Organization (WHO). (2003). The world health report: Shaping the future. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Metadaten
Titel
International Convergence in Well-Being Indicators
verfasst von
Vanesa Jordá
José María Sarabia
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2015
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Social Indicators Research / Ausgabe 1/2015
Print ISSN: 0303-8300
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-0921
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0588-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2015

Social Indicators Research 1/2015 Zur Ausgabe