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1996 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Interpretation of Geophysical Fields in Complicated Environments

verfasst von: Boris E. Khesin, Vyacheslav V. Alexeyev, Lev V. Eppelbaum

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Buchreihe : Seismology and Exploration Geophysics

Enthalten in: Professional Book Archive

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Über dieses Buch

Books published during recent years in the field of applied geo­ physics can be, in general, divided into two main types. The first type covers such multiaspect books as "Introduction to Geophysics", while the second-special works on fundamental theoretical prob­ lems with an elaborate mathematical description. The books of the first type are mainly intended for beginner students and specialists in adjacent fields. The books of the second type may be useful for teachers and theorists. However, there are also books of another (third) type. These books describe the experience in geophysical in­ vestigation under specific conditions or propose solutions to concrete geological problems, being a methodological guide for geophysicists and concentrating ideas both for advanced students and researchers. Authors hope to give the readers a book of this kind. Interpretation of geophysical fields is a complex consistent pro­ cess. Its successful realization requires: (a) knowledge of geological regularities and geological situation; (b) availability of petrophysical support; (c) mathematical methods of solving direct and inverse problems of geophysics (i.e. computation of geophysical fields from a known source and determination of source characteristics from known fields); (d) application of statistical and logico-informational procedures to the analysis and synthesis of observation results for revealing desired objects and peculiarities of the geological structure.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Introduction
Abstract
In many regions geophysicists meet two great difficulties: rugged topography and polarization vector inclination. Magnetization vector is seldom vertical in the central and low latitudes, i.e. in the zone around the equator extending from Texas (USA) to Queensland (Australia). The inclination of polarization distorts habitual field patterns. The relief effect not only impedes geophysical surveys under mountainous conditions, but also distorts the results of observations. First, the effect of attraction of the bodies forming the relief is considerable. Second, when the data are recorded on an uneven surface, the vertical distance to the hidden body under study varies differently and anomalous vertical field gradient arises. The combination of these environmental factors with a complex geological structure has motivated the development of adequate methodologies.
Boris E. Khesin, Vyacheslav V. Alexeyev, Lev V. Eppelbaum
Chapter 1. Peculiarities of the Media under Study and their Geophysical Investigations
Abstract
A specific character of mining geophysics has been amply covered in the books [131,135]. Models of media, details and sequence of interpretation process including petrophysical study are discussed with reference to magnetic prospecting in a subsequent book [146]. A separate Chapter [143] in [36] deals with the optimization of interpretation for detailed prospecting under mountainous conditions. These works have formed the basis for the analytical review exposed below.
Boris E. Khesin, Vyacheslav V. Alexeyev, Lev V. Eppelbaum
Chapter 2. Common Aspects of Geophysical Fields in Question
Abstract
As mentioned above, magnetic prospecting is the best investigated method to be applied under mountainous conditions [146]. Alexeyev [5] has developed rapid methods for quantitative interpretation of anomalies observed under the conditions of oblique magnetization, rugged relief and unknown level of the normal field. Therefore, the possibility of adapting the techniques involved for other geophysical investigations and the analysis of the similarity of analytical expressions for the arising anomalies are note worthy. The comparative study of analytical expressions for some geophysical fields has been carried out earlier in [18,205].
Boris E. Khesin, Vyacheslav V. Alexeyev, Lev V. Eppelbaum
Chapter 3. Informational Content and Structure of the Interpretation Process
Abstract
The most important stage of interpretation is to formulate what kind of new information has to be derived from experimental data. However, geological interpretation of the observed field is not always possible, since either it does not contain the necessary information for solving a particular geological problem, or there are no methods (at least for the present) for extracting this information. Therefore, a geological problem should comply with: (1) measuring capabilities of the geophysical method selected, its applicability for measuring the field containing the information required; (2) properties of the medium under study, its capability to generate detectable signals (anomalies); (3) methods for data processing and interpretation, namely, their ability to extract information from the measured field containing the effects of the sought-for geological objects. A geological problem is considered to be well defined and solvable, when all the three conditions are satisfied.
Boris E. Khesin, Vyacheslav V. Alexeyev, Lev V. Eppelbaum
Chapter 4. Development of the Initial Model of the Medium
Abstract
An initial model is devised in one or another form to solve the geological objective when preparing a geophysical project for the given area. Otherwise, it is impossible to select a set of methods and interpretation procedure. The latter is revised before interpreting, if necessary. The initial development of a model of the medium is the most important stage, since the results of interpretation and of the investigation at large depend to a considerable degree upon its quality.
Boris E. Khesin, Vyacheslav V. Alexeyev, Lev V. Eppelbaum
Chapter 5. Indicator Space Generation
Abstract
The procedure of indicator space generation covers stages which are usually united under the common name of preliminary processing of observed results. An indicator space is formed in two sequential stages including:
(1)
elimination of the field complication due to known factors, primarily to terrain relief, and
 
(2)
determination of the secondary derived indicators by the initial field; they are values which have not been and/or can not be measured, i.e. the results of various field transformations.
 
Boris E. Khesin, Vyacheslav V. Alexeyev, Lev V. Eppelbaum
Chapter 6. Revealing and Localization of Targets
Abstract
Having a common interpretation aim, the methods of revealing and localizing the targets substantially depend upon the types of the areas under study and the types of prospecting. As mentioned above, due to its vector nature, the most essential is the specific character of magnetic field analysis. Therefore, the interpretation procedure will be discussed below for this particular field. For other fields it is similar or even more simple.
Boris E. Khesin, Vyacheslav V. Alexeyev, Lev V. Eppelbaum
Chapter 7. Determination of the Anomalous Body Parameters
Abstract
The inverse problem solution is often called “inversion procedure” or simply “inversion”. The interpretation problem at the stage of determining the anomalous bodies parameters consists in a detailed description of the sources of anomalies by the measured field taken into account with prior geological and geophysical information [258].
Boris E. Khesin, Vyacheslav V. Alexeyev, Lev V. Eppelbaum
Chapter 8. Integrated Interpretation
Abstract
The intricacy of geological problems, incorrect nature of some techniques and ambiguity of the interpretation results call for integration of geophysical methods [44,79, 135,219,246,297,etc.]. Integration is one of the most important principles of geophysical exploration. Telford et al. [277,p.820] note: “The fact that this type of operation is so common space is because the exploration geophysicist, by a suitable selection of, say, four methods, may obtain much more than four times the information he would get from any one of them alone”.
Boris E. Khesin, Vyacheslav V. Alexeyev, Lev V. Eppelbaum
Chapter 9. Revision of a Model of a Medium; Representation and Evaluation of Interpretation Results
Abstract
In Sections 8.4 and 8.5 it was shown how to revise geological notions about the structure of the investigated media with the use of physico-geological modeling. The corresponding integrated interpretation allows to derive substantially new geological information. As an example, consider the detailed prospecting in the Katekh pyrite-polymetallic deposit (southern slope of the Greater Caucasus) and regional investigation in the same region.
Boris E. Khesin, Vyacheslav V. Alexeyev, Lev V. Eppelbaum
Chapter 10. Characteristic Features of the Imigo Package
Abstract
Development of a package intended for interpreting materials of gravimetric and magnetic investigations (in general, this set can also include other geophysical methods) under mountainous conditions has been caused by the following considerations.
Boris E. Khesin, Vyacheslav V. Alexeyev, Lev V. Eppelbaum
Conclusion
Abstract
A system of interpretation of gravitational and magnetic fields, anomalies of temperature field, fields of VLF transmitters, self-potential and induced polarization has been developed for complicated environments (rugged relief, considerable heterogeneity of media, oblique polarization and an unknown level of the normal field).
Boris E. Khesin, Vyacheslav V. Alexeyev, Lev V. Eppelbaum
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Interpretation of Geophysical Fields in Complicated Environments
verfasst von
Boris E. Khesin
Vyacheslav V. Alexeyev
Lev V. Eppelbaum
Copyright-Jahr
1996
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Electronic ISBN
978-94-015-8613-9
Print ISBN
978-90-481-4680-2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8613-9