Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Experimental Mechanics 8/2018

25.06.2018

Introducing Heterogeneity into the Micro-Scratch Test Fracture Toughness Relation for Brittle Particle Composites

verfasst von: S. Al Wakeel, M. H. Hubler

Erschienen in: Experimental Mechanics | Ausgabe 8/2018

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Existing analysis methods of scratch test data are limited in their application to composite materials since they are built on the assumption of homogeneous material. In this study, the heterogeneity of the composite material is considered for analysis of scratch data on a resin and glass bead particle composite. Experiments are conducted using two approaches: macroscale three-point single edge notch and micro-scratch. An analysis method is presented which introduces a region in front of the crack tip to calculate the energy release rate during the fracture process which accounts for the heterogeneity of this region. By comparing with the experimental results, it is observed that this analysis method reduces the difference in fracture toughness derived from macroscale and microscale tests, and matches the trend of fracture toughness values as a function of particle volume fraction. This observation provides the insight that the local microstructure of the material needs to be considered in the scratch test analysis of particle composites.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Lemaitre J (1992) A course on damage mechanics. Springer-Verlag New York, New York, pp 11–37CrossRefMATH Lemaitre J (1992) A course on damage mechanics. Springer-Verlag New York, New York, pp 11–37CrossRefMATH
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Torquato S (2002) Random heterogeneous materials: microstructure and macroscopic properties. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., New York, pp 59–70MATH Torquato S (2002) Random heterogeneous materials: microstructure and macroscopic properties. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., New York, pp 59–70MATH
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bažant ZP, Planas J (1998) Fracture and size effect in concrete and other quasibrittle materials. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 7–22 Bažant ZP, Planas J (1998) Fracture and size effect in concrete and other quasibrittle materials. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 7–22
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Akono AT, Randall NX, Ulm FJE (2012) Experimental determination of fracture toughness via micro scratch tests: application to polymers, ceramics and metals. J Mater Res 27(2):485–493CrossRef Akono AT, Randall NX, Ulm FJE (2012) Experimental determination of fracture toughness via micro scratch tests: application to polymers, ceramics and metals. J Mater Res 27(2):485–493CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Anstis GR, Chantikul P, Lawn BR, Marshall DB (1981) A critical evaluation of indentation techniques for measuring fracture toughness: I, direct crack measurements. J Am Ceram Soc 64(9):533–538CrossRef Anstis GR, Chantikul P, Lawn BR, Marshall DB (1981) A critical evaluation of indentation techniques for measuring fracture toughness: I, direct crack measurements. J Am Ceram Soc 64(9):533–538CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Lach R, Gyurova LA, Grellmann W (2007) Application of indentation fracture mechanics approach for determination of fracture toughness of brittle polymer systems. Polym Test 26(1):51–59CrossRef Lach R, Gyurova LA, Grellmann W (2007) Application of indentation fracture mechanics approach for determination of fracture toughness of brittle polymer systems. Polym Test 26(1):51–59CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Randall NX, Favaro G, Frankel CH (2001) The effect of intrinsic parameters on the critical load as measured with the scratch test method. Surf Coat Technol 137(2–3):146–151CrossRef Randall NX, Favaro G, Frankel CH (2001) The effect of intrinsic parameters on the critical load as measured with the scratch test method. Surf Coat Technol 137(2–3):146–151CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat El-Zahraa FI, Abdel-Jaber GT, Khashaba MI, Ali WY (2015) Friction coefficient displayed by the scratch of epoxy composites filled by metallic particles under the influence of magnetic field. Mater Sci Appl 6:200–208 El-Zahraa FI, Abdel-Jaber GT, Khashaba MI, Ali WY (2015) Friction coefficient displayed by the scratch of epoxy composites filled by metallic particles under the influence of magnetic field. Mater Sci Appl 6:200–208
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Richard T, Detournary E, Drescher A, Fourmaintraux D (1998) Scratch test as a means to measure strength of sedimentary rocks. In: Proceedings of the SPE/ISRM rock mechanics in petroleum engineering conference. SPE 2:15–22 Richard T, Detournary E, Drescher A, Fourmaintraux D (1998) Scratch test as a means to measure strength of sedimentary rocks. In: Proceedings of the SPE/ISRM rock mechanics in petroleum engineering conference. SPE 2:15–22
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin JS, Zhou Y (2013) Can scratch tests give fracture toughness? Eng Fract Mech 109:161–168CrossRef Lin JS, Zhou Y (2013) Can scratch tests give fracture toughness? Eng Fract Mech 109:161–168CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Al Wakeel S, Hubler M (2016) Experimental and theoretical investigation of the fracture behavior of glass beads/epoxy composites using microscratching. 9th International Conference of Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structure pp. 1–11 Al Wakeel S, Hubler M (2016) Experimental and theoretical investigation of the fracture behavior of glass beads/epoxy composites using microscratching. 9th International Conference of Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structure pp. 1–11
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Gouda PSS, Kudari SK, Prabhuswamy S (2011) Fracture toughness of glass carbon (0/90) s fiber reinforced polymer composite-An experimental and numerical study. J Miner Mater Charact Eng 10(8):671–682 Gouda PSS, Kudari SK, Prabhuswamy S (2011) Fracture toughness of glass carbon (0/90) s fiber reinforced polymer composite-An experimental and numerical study. J Miner Mater Charact Eng 10(8):671–682
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Akono AT, Ulm FJE (2014) An improved technique for characterizing the fracture toughness via scratch test experiments. Wear 313:117–124CrossRef Akono AT, Ulm FJE (2014) An improved technique for characterizing the fracture toughness via scratch test experiments. Wear 313:117–124CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Lawn BR (1966) Partial cone crack formation in a brittle material loaded with a sliding spherical indenter. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series a, mathematical and physical Sciences 299:307–315CrossRef Lawn BR (1966) Partial cone crack formation in a brittle material loaded with a sliding spherical indenter. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series a, mathematical and physical Sciences 299:307–315CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Bowden FP, Tabor D (2001) The friction and lubrication of solids. Oxford University Press, New YorkMATH Bowden FP, Tabor D (2001) The friction and lubrication of solids. Oxford University Press, New YorkMATH
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Hubler MH, Ulm FJ (2016) Size-effect law for scratch tests of axisymmetric shape. J Eng Mech 142(12):04016094CrossRef Hubler MH, Ulm FJ (2016) Size-effect law for scratch tests of axisymmetric shape. J Eng Mech 142(12):04016094CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Barenblatt GI (1962) The mathematical theory of equilibrium cracks in brittle fracture. Advances in applied mechanics. Vol. VII. Academic Press, Cambridge, pp 55–129 Barenblatt GI (1962) The mathematical theory of equilibrium cracks in brittle fracture. Advances in applied mechanics. Vol. VII. Academic Press, Cambridge, pp 55–129
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Evans AG, Faber KT (1984) Crack-growth resistance of microcracking brittle materials. J Am Ceram Soc 67(4):255–260CrossRef Evans AG, Faber KT (1984) Crack-growth resistance of microcracking brittle materials. J Am Ceram Soc 67(4):255–260CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Akono AT, Ulm FJ, Bažant ZP (2014) Discussion: strength-to-fracture scaling in scratching. Eng Fract Mech 119:21–28CrossRef Akono AT, Ulm FJ, Bažant ZP (2014) Discussion: strength-to-fracture scaling in scratching. Eng Fract Mech 119:21–28CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson TL (2005) Fracture mechanics fundamentals and applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 103–168MATH Anderson TL (2005) Fracture mechanics fundamentals and applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 103–168MATH
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Eshelby JD (1957) The determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion, and related problems. Proc R Soc Lond 241:376–396MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Eshelby JD (1957) The determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion, and related problems. Proc R Soc Lond 241:376–396MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Li Z, Chen Q (2003) Some simple formulas to predict the variation of stress intensity factors for mode I crack induced by near crack-tip inclusion. Eng Fract Mech 70:581–587CrossRef Li Z, Chen Q (2003) Some simple formulas to predict the variation of stress intensity factors for mode I crack induced by near crack-tip inclusion. Eng Fract Mech 70:581–587CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang R, Li P (2015) Elastic behavior and failure mechanism in epoxy syntactic foams: the effect of glass microballoon volume fractions. Compos Part B 78(1):401–408MathSciNetCrossRef Huang R, Li P (2015) Elastic behavior and failure mechanism in epoxy syntactic foams: the effect of glass microballoon volume fractions. Compos Part B 78(1):401–408MathSciNetCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat El-Hadek MA, Tippur HV (2002) Simulation of porosity by microballoon dispersion in epoxy and urethane - mechanical measurements and models. J Mater Sci 3(7):1649–1660CrossRef El-Hadek MA, Tippur HV (2002) Simulation of porosity by microballoon dispersion in epoxy and urethane - mechanical measurements and models. J Mater Sci 3(7):1649–1660CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Erwin MW, Freddy YCB, Xiao H, Shing-Chung W (2005) Specific properties and fracture toughness of syntactic foam: effect of foam microstructures. Compos Sci Technol 65:1840–1850CrossRef Erwin MW, Freddy YCB, Xiao H, Shing-Chung W (2005) Specific properties and fracture toughness of syntactic foam: effect of foam microstructures. Compos Sci Technol 65:1840–1850CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta N, Woldesenbet E (2002) Compressive fracture features of syntactic foams microscopic examinations. J Mater Sci 37:3199–3209CrossRef Gupta N, Woldesenbet E (2002) Compressive fracture features of syntactic foams microscopic examinations. J Mater Sci 37:3199–3209CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Rice JR (1968) A path independent integral and the approximate analysis of strain concentration by notches and cracks. J Appl Mech 35:379–386CrossRef Rice JR (1968) A path independent integral and the approximate analysis of strain concentration by notches and cracks. J Appl Mech 35:379–386CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Akono TA, Ulm FJ (2011) Scratch test model for the determination of fracture toughness. Eng Fract Mech 78:334–342CrossRef Akono TA, Ulm FJ (2011) Scratch test model for the determination of fracture toughness. Eng Fract Mech 78:334–342CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Akono AT (2013) Assessment of fracture properties and rate effects on fracture of materials by micro scratching application to gas shale. PhD dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology pp 23–50 Akono AT (2013) Assessment of fracture properties and rate effects on fracture of materials by micro scratching application to gas shale. PhD dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology pp 23–50
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Budiansky B, Hutchinson JW, Lambropoulos JC (1983) Continuum theory of dilatant transformation toughening in ceramics. Int J Solids Struct 19(4):337–355CrossRefMATH Budiansky B, Hutchinson JW, Lambropoulos JC (1983) Continuum theory of dilatant transformation toughening in ceramics. Int J Solids Struct 19(4):337–355CrossRefMATH
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen WH, Huang YH (1979) On the J-integral for cracked structure with inclusions. Int J Fract 15(2):R73–R76 Chen WH, Huang YH (1979) On the J-integral for cracked structure with inclusions. Int J Fract 15(2):R73–R76
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Atluri SN, Nakagaki M, Chen WH (1977) Flaw growth and fracture. STP 631. American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia pp 376–96 Atluri SN, Nakagaki M, Chen WH (1977) Flaw growth and fracture. STP 631. American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia pp 376–96
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Li H, Yang J, Li Z (2014) An approximation solution for the plane stress mode I crack interacting with an inclusion of arbitrary shape. Eng Fract Mech 116:190–196CrossRef Li H, Yang J, Li Z (2014) An approximation solution for the plane stress mode I crack interacting with an inclusion of arbitrary shape. Eng Fract Mech 116:190–196CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Westergaard HM (1939) Bearing pressure and cracks. J Appl Mech 6:A49–A53 Westergaard HM (1939) Bearing pressure and cracks. J Appl Mech 6:A49–A53
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Bard R (2010) Analysis of the scratch test for cohesive-frictional materials. Doctoral dissertation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Bard R (2010) Analysis of the scratch test for cohesive-frictional materials. Doctoral dissertation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Qian X, Yang W (2010) A hybrid approach to determine fracture resistance for mode I and mixed-mode I and II fracture specimens. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct 34:305–320CrossRef Qian X, Yang W (2010) A hybrid approach to determine fracture resistance for mode I and mixed-mode I and II fracture specimens. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct 34:305–320CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Kachanov M (1993) Elastic solids with many cracks and related problems. Adv Appl Mech 30:259–445CrossRefMATH Kachanov M (1993) Elastic solids with many cracks and related problems. Adv Appl Mech 30:259–445CrossRefMATH
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee J, Yee AF (2000) Fracture of glass bead/epoxy composites: on micro- mechanical deformations. Polymer 41:8363–8373CrossRef Lee J, Yee AF (2000) Fracture of glass bead/epoxy composites: on micro- mechanical deformations. Polymer 41:8363–8373CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Sanchez-Soto M, Pages P, Lacort T, Briceno K (2007) Curing FTIR study and mechanical characterization of glass filled trifunctional epoxy composites. Compos Sci Technol 67:1974–1985CrossRef Sanchez-Soto M, Pages P, Lacort T, Briceno K (2007) Curing FTIR study and mechanical characterization of glass filled trifunctional epoxy composites. Compos Sci Technol 67:1974–1985CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat ASTM (2013) Standard test method for Linear-Elastic Plain-Strain Fracture Toughness KIC of Met Mater. ASTM E399–12. New York: Published January 2013 ASTM (2013) Standard test method for Linear-Elastic Plain-Strain Fracture Toughness KIC of Met Mater. ASTM E399–12. New York: Published January 2013
42.
Zurück zum Zitat ASTM (2003) Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics, ASTM International, ASTM D638-14 West Conshohocken, PA ASTM (2003) Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics, ASTM International, ASTM D638-14 West Conshohocken, PA
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Choi SR, Salem JA (1993) Fracture toughness of PMMA as measured with indentation cracks. J Mater Res 8(12):3210–3217CrossRef Choi SR, Salem JA (1993) Fracture toughness of PMMA as measured with indentation cracks. J Mater Res 8(12):3210–3217CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnsen BB, Kinloch AJ, Taylor AC (2005) Toughness of syndiotactic polystyrene/epoxy polymer blends: microstructure and toughening mechanisms. Polymer 46:7352–7369CrossRef Johnsen BB, Kinloch AJ, Taylor AC (2005) Toughness of syndiotactic polystyrene/epoxy polymer blends: microstructure and toughening mechanisms. Polymer 46:7352–7369CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Wouterson EM, Boey FYC, Wong SC (2005) Specific properties and fracture toughness of syntactic foam: effect of foam microstructures. Compos Sci Technol 65:1840–1850CrossRef Wouterson EM, Boey FYC, Wong SC (2005) Specific properties and fracture toughness of syntactic foam: effect of foam microstructures. Compos Sci Technol 65:1840–1850CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Vecchio KS, Jiang F (2016) Fracture toughness of ceramic-Fiber-reinforced metallic-intermetallic-laminate (CFR-MIL) composites. Mater Sci Eng A 649:407–416CrossRef Vecchio KS, Jiang F (2016) Fracture toughness of ceramic-Fiber-reinforced metallic-intermetallic-laminate (CFR-MIL) composites. Mater Sci Eng A 649:407–416CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh D, Shetty DK (1989) Fracture toughness of polycrystalline ceramics in combined mode I and mode II loading. J Am Ceram Soc 72:78–84CrossRef Singh D, Shetty DK (1989) Fracture toughness of polycrystalline ceramics in combined mode I and mode II loading. J Am Ceram Soc 72:78–84CrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Hahn GT, Rosenfield AR (1975) Metallurgical factors affecting fracture toughness of aluminum alloys. Metall Trans A 6A:653–668CrossRef Hahn GT, Rosenfield AR (1975) Metallurgical factors affecting fracture toughness of aluminum alloys. Metall Trans A 6A:653–668CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Deshpande NU, Gokhale AM, Denzer DK, John L (1998) Relationship between fracture toughness, fracture path, and microstructure of 7050 aluminum alloy: part I quantitative characterization. Metall Mater Trans A 29A(4):1191CrossRef Deshpande NU, Gokhale AM, Denzer DK, John L (1998) Relationship between fracture toughness, fracture path, and microstructure of 7050 aluminum alloy: part I quantitative characterization. Metall Mater Trans A 29A(4):1191CrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Barker LM (1977) A simplified method for measuring plane strain fracture toughness. Eng Fract Mech, Pergamon Press Printed in Great Britain 9:361–369CrossRef Barker LM (1977) A simplified method for measuring plane strain fracture toughness. Eng Fract Mech, Pergamon Press Printed in Great Britain 9:361–369CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Visser HA, Caimmi F, Pavan A (2013) Characterizing the fracture toughness of polymers at moderately high rates of loading with the use of instrumented tensile impact testing. Eng Fract Mech 101:67–79CrossRef Visser HA, Caimmi F, Pavan A (2013) Characterizing the fracture toughness of polymers at moderately high rates of loading with the use of instrumented tensile impact testing. Eng Fract Mech 101:67–79CrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee JH, Gao YF, Johanns KE, Pharr GM (2012) 2012. Cohesive interface simulations of indentation cracking as a fracture toughness measurement method for brittle materials. Acta Mater 60:5448–5467CrossRef Lee JH, Gao YF, Johanns KE, Pharr GM (2012) 2012. Cohesive interface simulations of indentation cracking as a fracture toughness measurement method for brittle materials. Acta Mater 60:5448–5467CrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Crosse CU, Finck F (2006) Quantitative evaluation of fracture processes in concrete using signal-based acoustic emission techniques. Cem Concr Compos 28:330–336CrossRef Crosse CU, Finck F (2006) Quantitative evaluation of fracture processes in concrete using signal-based acoustic emission techniques. Cem Concr Compos 28:330–336CrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Tang Y, Yonezu A, Ogasawara N, Chiba N, Chen X (2008) On radial crack and half-penny crack induced by vickers indentation. Proc R Soc A 464:2967–2984CrossRef Tang Y, Yonezu A, Ogasawara N, Chiba N, Chen X (2008) On radial crack and half-penny crack induced by vickers indentation. Proc R Soc A 464:2967–2984CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Paimas RJ, Gstrein R (1997) ESIS TC 6 round robin on fracture toughness. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct 20(4):513–532CrossRef Paimas RJ, Gstrein R (1997) ESIS TC 6 round robin on fracture toughness. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct 20(4):513–532CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Introducing Heterogeneity into the Micro-Scratch Test Fracture Toughness Relation for Brittle Particle Composites
verfasst von
S. Al Wakeel
M. H. Hubler
Publikationsdatum
25.06.2018
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Experimental Mechanics / Ausgabe 8/2018
Print ISSN: 0014-4851
Elektronische ISSN: 1741-2765
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-018-0408-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 8/2018

Experimental Mechanics 8/2018 Zur Ausgabe

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.