Skip to main content
Erschienen in:
Buchtitelbild

2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Introduction and Literature Review

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The progress in telecom networks has changed the way people live, work, and play. Since many people around the world are connected by telecom networks, the challenge is to provide reliable and cost-effective power solutions to these expanding networks using Renewable Energy Sources (RES). In remote areas, grid electricity is not available or is available in limited quantities. Diesel generators with the backup battery were used for powering these locations. These systems usually located in areas with difficult accessibilities require regular maintenance and are characterized by their high fuel consumption and high transportation cost. Also, due to the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves and increasing demand of clean energy technologies to reduce the greenhouse gas emission (CO2, NOX, and SOX). Due to the development of new convergent broadband technologies that comprise voice, video, and data in a single platform system, the telecom operator has grown an interest in reliable power services to provide a guarantee of the quality of service for the remote BTS operation hours and traffic management. This chapter presents a brief introduction about some types of RES and proposal power system that depends on renewable energy system.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Paudel, et al., Technical and economic assessment of renewable energy sources for telecom application: a case study of Nepal Telecom, in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2013, pp. 28–30 S. Paudel, et al., Technical and economic assessment of renewable energy sources for telecom application: a case study of Nepal Telecom, in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2013, pp. 28–30
2.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Yeshalem, B. Khan, Design of an off-grid hybrid PV/wind power system for remote mobile base station: A case study. AIMS Energy 5(1), 96–112 (2017)CrossRef M. Yeshalem, B. Khan, Design of an off-grid hybrid PV/wind power system for remote mobile base station: A case study. AIMS Energy 5(1), 96–112 (2017)CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Kumar et al., 3GPP LTE: The future of mobile broadband. Wireless Pers. Commun. 62(3), 671–686 (2012)CrossRef A. Kumar et al., 3GPP LTE: The future of mobile broadband. Wireless Pers. Commun. 62(3), 671–686 (2012)CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat W. Zhou et al., Current status of research on optimum sizing of stand-alone hybrid solar–wind power generation systems. Appl. Energy 87(2), 380–389 (2010)CrossRef W. Zhou et al., Current status of research on optimum sizing of stand-alone hybrid solar–wind power generation systems. Appl. Energy 87(2), 380–389 (2010)CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat O. Ekren, B. Ekren, Size optimization of a PV/wind hybrid energy conversion system with battery storage using simulated annealing. Appl. Energy 87(2), 592–598 (2010)CrossRef O. Ekren, B. Ekren, Size optimization of a PV/wind hybrid energy conversion system with battery storage using simulated annealing. Appl. Energy 87(2), 592–598 (2010)CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat L. Chiaraviglio, et al., Energy-aware UMTS access networks, in The 11th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC’08), 2008. L. Chiaraviglio, et al., Energy-aware UMTS access networks, in The 11th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC’08), 2008.
7.
Zurück zum Zitat N. El Bassam, P. Maegaard, M. Schlichting, Distributed Renewable Energies for Off-Grid Communities: Strategies and Technologies Toward Achieving Sustainability in Energy Generation and Supply (Newnes, Boston, 2013) N. El Bassam, P. Maegaard, M. Schlichting, Distributed Renewable Energies for Off-Grid Communities: Strategies and Technologies Toward Achieving Sustainability in Energy Generation and Supply (Newnes, Boston, 2013)
8.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Roy, G. Marketing, Energy Logic for Telecommunications, White Paper for Emerson Network Power (Citeseer, 2008) S. Roy, G. Marketing, Energy Logic for Telecommunications, White Paper for Emerson Network Power (Citeseer, 2008)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat M.M. Rahman, Overview of Energy Saving Aspects in 2G and 3G Mobile Communication Networks, Master thesis, University of Gavle, Stockholm, 2009 M.M. Rahman, Overview of Energy Saving Aspects in 2G and 3G Mobile Communication Networks, Master thesis, University of Gavle, Stockholm, 2009
10.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Van Der Zanden, The Smart Grid in Europe: The Impact of Consumer Engagement on the Value of the European Smart Grid, Master thesis, Lund University, Sweden, 2011 G. Van Der Zanden, The Smart Grid in Europe: The Impact of Consumer Engagement on the Value of the European Smart Grid, Master thesis, Lund University, Sweden, 2011
11.
Zurück zum Zitat L. Ardito et al., Smart grid technologies in Europe: An overview. Energies 6(1), 251–281 (2013)CrossRef L. Ardito et al., Smart grid technologies in Europe: An overview. Energies 6(1), 251–281 (2013)CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat F. Rotaru et al., Two-stage distributed generation optimal sizing with clustering-based node selection. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 40(1), 120–129 (2012)CrossRef F. Rotaru et al., Two-stage distributed generation optimal sizing with clustering-based node selection. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 40(1), 120–129 (2012)CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat I. Dincer, Renewable energy and sustainable development: a crucial review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 4(2), 157–175 (2000)CrossRef I. Dincer, Renewable energy and sustainable development: a crucial review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 4(2), 157–175 (2000)CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat O. Ellabban, H. Abu-Rub, F. Blaabjerg, Renewable energy resources: Current status, future prospects and their enabling technology. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 39, 748–764 (2014)CrossRef O. Ellabban, H. Abu-Rub, F. Blaabjerg, Renewable energy resources: Current status, future prospects and their enabling technology. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 39, 748–764 (2014)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat N.S. Hasan et al., Review of storage schemes for wind energy systems. Renew Sustain. Energy Rev. 21, 237–247 (2013)CrossRef N.S. Hasan et al., Review of storage schemes for wind energy systems. Renew Sustain. Energy Rev. 21, 237–247 (2013)CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat B. Robyns et al., Electricity Production from Renewable Energies (Wiley, Chichester, 2012)CrossRef B. Robyns et al., Electricity Production from Renewable Energies (Wiley, Chichester, 2012)CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Kaundinya et al., Grid-connected versus stand-alone energy systems for decentralized power—A review of literature. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 13(8), 2041–2050 (2009)CrossRef D. Kaundinya et al., Grid-connected versus stand-alone energy systems for decentralized power—A review of literature. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 13(8), 2041–2050 (2009)CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat I. López et al., Review of wave energy technologies and the necessary power-equipment. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 27, 413–434 (2013)CrossRef I. López et al., Review of wave energy technologies and the necessary power-equipment. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 27, 413–434 (2013)CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat I. Fridleifsson, et al., The possible role and contribution of geothermal energy to the mitigation of climate change, in IPCC Scoping Meeting on Renewable Energy Sources, Proceedings, Luebeck, Germany, vol. 20, no. 25, 2008, pp. 59–80. I. Fridleifsson, et al., The possible role and contribution of geothermal energy to the mitigation of climate change, in IPCC Scoping Meeting on Renewable Energy Sources, Proceedings, Luebeck, Germany, vol. 20, no. 25, 2008, pp. 59–80.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Rehman et al., Xylitol: A review on bioproduction, application, health benefits, and related safety issues. J. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 55(11), 1514–1528 (2015)CrossRef S. Rehman et al., Xylitol: A review on bioproduction, application, health benefits, and related safety issues. J. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 55(11), 1514–1528 (2015)CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Ruin, G. Sidén, Small-Scale Renewable Energy Systems: Independent Electricity for Community, Business and Home (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2019)CrossRef S. Ruin, G. Sidén, Small-Scale Renewable Energy Systems: Independent Electricity for Community, Business and Home (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2019)CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Jansen, et al., Validation of autonomous renewable energy hybrid wind/photovoltaic/RHFC prototype for the cell tower industry using MATLAB/Simulink, in 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials, 2019 G. Jansen, et al., Validation of autonomous renewable energy hybrid wind/photovoltaic/RHFC prototype for the cell tower industry using MATLAB/Simulink, in 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials, 2019
23.
Zurück zum Zitat R. Kaur, V. Krishnasamy, N. Kandasamy, Optimal sizing of wind–PV-based DC microgrid for telecom power supply in remote areas. IET Renew. Power Gen. 12(7), 859–866 (2018)CrossRef R. Kaur, V. Krishnasamy, N. Kandasamy, Optimal sizing of wind–PV-based DC microgrid for telecom power supply in remote areas. IET Renew. Power Gen. 12(7), 859–866 (2018)CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Rahman, Resilient Hybrid Energy System (RHES) for powering cellular base station during natural disasters, Master thesis, Lamar University-Beaumont, 2018 M. Rahman, Resilient Hybrid Energy System (RHES) for powering cellular base station during natural disasters, Master thesis, Lamar University-Beaumont, 2018
25.
Zurück zum Zitat B.M. Altinoz, Grid Integration of Combined Solar-Wind-Batteryenergy Systems with Economic Analysis, Master thesis, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 2017 B.M. Altinoz, Grid Integration of Combined Solar-Wind-Batteryenergy Systems with Economic Analysis, Master thesis, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 2017
26.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Cordiner et al., Fuel cell based Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for off-grid telecom stations: Data analysis from on field demonstration tests. Appl. Energy 192(15), 508–518 (2017)CrossRef S. Cordiner et al., Fuel cell based Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for off-grid telecom stations: Data analysis from on field demonstration tests. Appl. Energy 192(15), 508–518 (2017)CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat A.A. Elbaset, M.S. Hassan, Design and Power Quality Improvement of Photovoltaic Power System(eBook) (Springer, New York, 2017)CrossRef A.A. Elbaset, M.S. Hassan, Design and Power Quality Improvement of Photovoltaic Power System(eBook) (Springer, New York, 2017)CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Belkhiri, A. Chaker, Optimization of hybrid PV/wind system for remote telecom station, a case study of different sites in Algeria, in Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Vietnam, 2016, pp. 23–25 S. Belkhiri, A. Chaker, Optimization of hybrid PV/wind system for remote telecom station, a case study of different sites in Algeria, in Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Vietnam, 2016, pp. 23–25
29.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Devabakthuni, Grid-Connected Wind and Photovoltaic System, Master thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering Northern Illinois University, 2016 S. Devabakthuni, Grid-Connected Wind and Photovoltaic System, Master thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering Northern Illinois University, 2016
30.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Shen, Hybrid Wind-Solar-Storage Energy Harvesting Systems, Master thesis, Purdue University, 2016. D. Shen, Hybrid Wind-Solar-Storage Energy Harvesting Systems, Master thesis, Purdue University, 2016.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat W. Margaret Amutha, V. Rajini, Techno-economic evaluation of various hybrid power systems for rural telecom. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 43, 553–561 (2015)CrossRef W. Margaret Amutha, V. Rajini, Techno-economic evaluation of various hybrid power systems for rural telecom. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 43, 553–561 (2015)CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Sharma, R.S. Meena, D. Birla, PV-wind system with fuel cell & electrolyzer. Int. J. Eng. Res. 4(12), 673–679 (2015)CrossRef D. Sharma, R.S. Meena, D. Birla, PV-wind system with fuel cell & electrolyzer. Int. J. Eng. Res. 4(12), 673–679 (2015)CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Salih, Y. Wang, M. Adam, Renewable micro hybrid system of solar panel and wind turbine for telecommunication equipment in remote areas in Sudan. Energy Proc. 61, 80–83 (2014)CrossRef T. Salih, Y. Wang, M. Adam, Renewable micro hybrid system of solar panel and wind turbine for telecommunication equipment in remote areas in Sudan. Energy Proc. 61, 80–83 (2014)CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat E.O. Noguera, Comparative LCA of Stand-Alone Power Systems Applied To Remote Cell Towers, Master thesis, Purdue University, 2014 E.O. Noguera, Comparative LCA of Stand-Alone Power Systems Applied To Remote Cell Towers, Master thesis, Purdue University, 2014
35.
Zurück zum Zitat L.J. Olatomiwa, S. Mekhilef, A.S.N. Huda, Optimal sizing of hybrid energy system for a remote telecom tower: A case study in Nigeria, in 2014 IEEE Conference on Energy Conversion (CENCON), 2014, pp. 243–247. L.J. Olatomiwa, S. Mekhilef, A.S.N. Huda, Optimal sizing of hybrid energy system for a remote telecom tower: A case study in Nigeria, in 2014 IEEE Conference on Energy Conversion (CENCON), 2014, pp. 243–247.
36.
Zurück zum Zitat K. Kusakana, H.J. Vermaak, Hybrid renewable power systems for mobile telephony base stations in developing countries. Renew Energy 51, 419–425 (2013)CrossRef K. Kusakana, H.J. Vermaak, Hybrid renewable power systems for mobile telephony base stations in developing countries. Renew Energy 51, 419–425 (2013)CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat E.M. Natsheh, Hybrid Power Systems Energy Management Based on Artificial Intelligence, PhD thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2013 E.M. Natsheh, Hybrid Power Systems Energy Management Based on Artificial Intelligence, PhD thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2013
38.
Zurück zum Zitat H.A.H. Hassan, L. Nuaymi, A. Pelov, Renewable energy in cellular networks: A survey, in 2013 IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (OnlineGreenComm), 2013, pp. 1–7 H.A.H. Hassan, L. Nuaymi, A. Pelov, Renewable energy in cellular networks: A survey, in 2013 IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (OnlineGreenComm), 2013, pp. 1–7
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Q. Zhai, Application Potential of Solar PV, Wind and Fuel Cells Technologies for Global Sustainability Improvement, PhD thesis, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2012 Q. Zhai, Application Potential of Solar PV, Wind and Fuel Cells Technologies for Global Sustainability Improvement, PhD thesis, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2012
40.
Zurück zum Zitat A.M. Al-Sharafi, Modeling and Analysis of Hybrid PV/Wind Off-Grid Power Generation System in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Master thesis, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (Saudi Arabia), 2011 A.M. Al-Sharafi, Modeling and Analysis of Hybrid PV/Wind Off-Grid Power Generation System in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Master thesis, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (Saudi Arabia), 2011
41.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Paudel, et al., Optimization of hybrid PV/wind power system for remote telecom station, in 2011 International Conference on Power and Energy Systems, 2011, pp. 1–6 S. Paudel, et al., Optimization of hybrid PV/wind power system for remote telecom station, in 2011 International Conference on Power and Energy Systems, 2011, pp. 1–6
42.
Zurück zum Zitat P. Nema, R. Nema, S. Rangnekar, PV-solar/wind hybrid energy system for GSM/CDMA type mobile telephony base station. Int. J. Energy Environ. 1(2), 359–366 (2010) P. Nema, R. Nema, S. Rangnekar, PV-solar/wind hybrid energy system for GSM/CDMA type mobile telephony base station. Int. J. Energy Environ. 1(2), 359–366 (2010)
43.
Zurück zum Zitat A.A. Elbaset, Study of Interconnecting Issues of Photovoltaic/Wind Hybrid System with Electric Utility Using Artificial Intelligence, PhD thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, 2006 A.A. Elbaset, Study of Interconnecting Issues of Photovoltaic/Wind Hybrid System with Electric Utility Using Artificial Intelligence, PhD thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, 2006
Metadaten
Titel
Introduction and Literature Review
verfasst von
Adel A. Elbaset
Salah Ata
Copyright-Jahr
2021
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66344-5_1