Introduction to Mine Wastes

This book focuses on “problematic” solid wastes and waste waters produced and disposed of at modern mine sites. They are problematic because they contain hazardous substances (e.g. heavy metals, metalloids, radioactivity, acids, process chemicals), and require monitoring, treatment, and secure disposal. However, not all mine wastes are problematic wastes and require monitoring or even treatment. Many mine wastes do not contain or release contaminants, are “inert” or “benign”, and pose no environmental threat. In fact, some waste rocks, soils or sediments can be used for landform reconstruction, others are valuable resources for road and dam construction, and a few are suitable substrates for vegetation covers and similar rehabilitation measures upon mine closure. Such materials cannot be referred to as wastes by definition as they represent valuable by-products of mining operations.