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Erschienen in:
2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
1. Introduction
verfasst von : Nikolaos Karampekios, Iraklis Oikonomou, Elias Carayannis
Erschienen in: The Emergence of EU Defense Research Policy
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Abstract
The evolution of the European science and technology policy has been a process characterised by an ever-increasing financial commitment at the EU level (e.g. what started with 3.3 billion ECUs in the first Framework Programme (FP1) has reached 82 billion euros in H2020), an enlargement of thematic areas (focal point of FPs moved from energy and IT to more diverse and more ‘horizontal’ themes, including researcher mobility), a growing awareness of its economic implications (knowledge-based economy, technology-intensive economic growth, industrial policy) as well as its linkages to education and innovation policies (higher education area, innovation union). Despite this growing spiral, European science and technology policy was committed to one specific characteristic: its civilian orientation. Non-civilian topics, such as funding for defence research, were explicitly excluded from the scope of FPs for reasons that go back to WWII and the notion that EU is a force of good.