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Erschienen in:
Buchtitelbild

2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Introduction

verfasst von : Andrzej Piotr Wierzbicki

Erschienen in: Technen: Elements of Recent History of Information Technologies with Epistemological Conclusions

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This book expresses the conviction that the art of constructing tools, Greek techne, changes its character along with changes of civilization eras and co-determines such changes. This does not mean that tools typical of a civilization era fully determine it, but they change our way of perceiving and interpreting the world, and thus co-determine this era.

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Nächstes Kapitel Preface: New Epoch, It’s Conceptual Platform and Episteme
Fußnoten
1
The word technician is interpreted broadly in this book—as a creator of tools and technical artefacts, and in my case also a representative of technical sciences. For many reasons I prefer this word to the denotation technologist (the word technology is used ambivalently, sometimes even with pejorative connotations, by philosophy of technology, see further chapters; in Polish, it is also often used incorrectly, because its precise meaning in Polish corresponds to a technical process). The word technician has also a more specific meaning as a technical working post, lower than the post of an engineer; but also in this case a technician creates tools.
 
2
We shall see in further chapters that technology proper—that is, technology or technique as understood by technicians, people who perform it—most closely corresponds to the meaning of techne.
 
3
By neoliberalism I understand not a variant of liberalism (the noble conviction that the respect for individual freedom should constitute the foundation of a contemporary society), but its extreme economic interpretation, a belief that it is sufficient to leave the freedom of market to solve all the problems. I appreciate free market as a robust tool of economic equilibration, but I recognize also the fact not noted by neoliberal economists: due to changes brought by informational revolution, the free market left to itself can be subject to corruption (each tool can be broken or corrupted, and free market is based on the desire to gain which in new conditions can lead to actions not foreseen by the classical market theory, such as it happened during the crisis of 2008–2010, see Chap. 14) and so it requires a repair or at least new regulation.
 
4
Later I realised that this made me a follower of the concept of open society (Popper 1962), even if differently interpreted, differently also from (Soros 2006): not only the openness of political system, but also social tolerance for the diversity of opinions and beliefs, historically developed e.g. in Netherlands, but still (despite the change of political system to a more open one) unavailable in Poland.
 
5
Accidentally, the publication of the book by Pawlak coincided in time with the slogan “there is no third way” used by L. Balcerowicz for political purposes; this slogan was, of course, clearly incorrect according to the theory of rough sets—and also according to later practical economic developments, e.g. in China or during the financial crisis of 2008.
 
6
The opinion that technical products are fully neutral (because the use of a hammer depends on the user, a human wielding the hammer) is very simplistic; even we, technicians, know that tools can fascinate people and provoke their actions.
 
7
Since the works of Lorentz (1965) it is known that biological evolution does not have a continuous, incremental character, but is punctuated: it is marked by periods of fast, in a sense revolutionary changes, after which slow evolution periods return. I believe that the same applies to the evolution of technology and civilization.
 
Literatur
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Popper, K.R.: Objective Knowledge. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1972)
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Soros, G.: The Age of Fallibility: Consequences of the War on Terror. PublicAffairs, New York. Polish translation (2006) Nowy, okropny świat: era omylności, Świat Książki, Warsaw (2006)
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Metadaten
Titel
Introduction
verfasst von
Andrzej Piotr Wierzbicki
Copyright-Jahr
2015
Buch
Technen: Elements of Recent History of Information Technologies with Epistemological Conclusions

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-09032-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-09033-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2015

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09033-7_1