1. Introduction

Mongolia consists of the highly elevated Mongolian Plateau between the Siberian and Chinese Cratons on the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and occupies a transitional region between the Siberian taiga forest in the north and the Govi desert in the south. Mongolia is situated at the region characterized by the highest degree of continentality within Eurasia developing under the interaction of three large-scale climatic systems (the Siberian high- and the Asian low-pressure cells and the westerlies). Because of its unique physiographic condition, landscape of Mongolia is diverse and very peculiar and extraordinary with glaciated high mountains, large freshwater and saline lakes, spacious plains, spectacular Govi deserts, and large rivers. Landscape and lakes of Mongolia represent the natural museum of the northeastern, eastern and southeastern Eurasian continent because of its untouched, wild, and less anthropogenic nature. In this chapter, the whole of Mongolian landscape and lakes and their evolution and feature are introduced in detail, and the scope and worth of the book are highlighted.