1. Introduction

Excerpt

Thermoplasmonics is an increasingly important technology in scientific research due to its ability to control temperature at the nanoscale [1‐4]. It operates based on the unique physics of plasmonic nanostructures interacting with light. Plasmonic materials, often in the form of metallic nanoparticles, manifest localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) arising from the collective electron oscillations in response to incoming electromagnetic waves [5]. Upon illumination, plasmonic nanostructures absorb photons which trigger collective oscillations of the electrons with the frequency of incident light. This synchronized electron movement significantly intensifies the electric field near the particle surface, creating localized electromagnetic field intensification referred to as hot spot [6, 7]. This intense hot spot generated by plasmonic nanoparticles serves as an efficient source of heat. The uptake of light energy by plasmonic particles initiates nonradiative decays, including electron–electron scattering and electron–phonon coupling, leading to the conversion of photon energy into thermal energy [8, 9]. …