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Erschienen in:
Engineering Design and Industrial Design Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Invention and Innovation

verfasst von : Alessandro Freddi, Mario Salmon

Erschienen in: Design Principles and Methodologies

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Up to this point we met design methods with a predominantly technical approach, according to which the design process is developed as a sequence of actions related to the invention of solution principles. Through the previous approach we learned how to perform certain functions, i.e. with the invention of functional variants and also in certain cases, the construction of prototypes. However, especially design guidelines and the ISO 9001 standards now open up a broader scenario, in which a technical design is oriented to an industrial mass production. In this case, the problem-solving choices are no longer only a problem of technical invention. Mass-production requires the study of another coordinate of the problem: the design development within an industrial company. It concerns the “innovation concept” that is the core value played primarily within company strategies.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Requirements and Specifications
Nächstes Kapitel Safety Assessment
Fußnoten
1
Off-the-shelf item is commercially produced, ready-made, standardized, and regularly available equipment, goods, parts, software, etc., i.e. a product that is available immediately and does not need to be specially made to suit a particular purpose. Another related term is commercial off-the-shelf (COTS): an item that is commercially available, leased, licensed, or sold to the general public and which requires no special modification or maintenance over its life cycle.
 
2
Radio, transistor, laser applications, new materials applications for airplanes as Boeing 787, new led bulb, totally new cars, liquid crystal displays (LCD), computers, portable phone etc.
 
3
Lamborghini sport cars, Boeing 767 plane, etc.
 
4
Examples are: FCA-Croma car, etc.
 
5
Ford, with only one car model, focused on cost reductions gaining a large market share, while General Motors, in the first years, having differentiated product line, had less market share.
 
6
His philosophy is focused on eliminating waste and empowering workers, reduced inventory and improved productivity. Instead of maintaining resources in anticipation of sales of what might be required for future manufacturing, as Henry Ford did with his production line, the management team at Toyota built partnerships with suppliers. In effect, under the direction of Engineer Ohno, Toyota automobiles became made-to-order. By maximizing the use of multi-skilled employees, the company was able to flatten their management structure and focus resources in a flexible manner. Because the company was able make changes quickly, they were often able to respond faster to market demands than their competitors could. Many industries,(Nike, Caterpillar, Intel, Textron, John Deere, Ford, Toyota), including some companies for software development, have adopted the principles of lean production..
 
7
Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT), is a form of project financing, whereby a private entity receives a franchise from the private or public sector organization to finance, design, construct, and operate a facility for a specified period of time. It is a business model which has the potential to offset project risks, while minimizing upfront investment and set-up time and offering wider service [9].
 
8
When the product is completed as to manufacturing but not yet sold or distributed to the end-user.
 
9
NASA is abbreviation for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government. DoD is abbreviation for the United States Department of Defense.
 
10
Horizon 2020 is the biggest EU Research and Innovation program ever developed, with nearly 80 billion € of funding available over 7 years (2014–2020), in addition to the private investment that this money will possibly attract. It promises more breakthroughs, discoveries and world firsts by taking great ideas from the lab to the market. Horizon 2020 is the financial instrument implementing the Innovation Union, an Europe 2020 flagship initiative aimed at securing Europe’s global competitiveness. Seen as a means to drive economic growth and create jobs, Horizon 2020 has the political backing of Europe’s leaders and the Members of the European Parliament. They agreed that research is an investment in the future and so put it at the heart of the EU’s blueprint for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth and jobs [8].
 
11
Produced from 1959 until 2000 by BMC.
 
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Porter ME (2008) The five competitive forces that shape strategy. Spec Issue HBS Centen Harv Bus Rev 86(1):78–93
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Rosenau MD, Griffin A, Castellion GA, (Author) NFA (1996) The PDMA handbook of new product development, vol 1, 1st edn. Wiley (27-09-1996)
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Tushman M, O’ Reilly C (1996) Ambidextrous organizations: managing evolutionary and revolutionary change. Calif Manag Rev 38(4):8–29CrossRef
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Urban GL, Weinberg BD, Hauser JR (1996) Premarket forecasting for really-new products. J Mark 60:47–60CrossRef
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Venuvinod PK (2011) Technology, innovation and entrepreneurship Part III: My startup. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN-13: 978-1-105-11627-8
Metadaten
Titel
Invention and Innovation
verfasst von
Alessandro Freddi
Mario Salmon
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Buch
Design Principles and Methodologies

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-95341-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-95342-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2019

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95342-7_4

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