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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Invest in Renewable and Distributed Energy

verfasst von : Peter Newman, Timothy Beatley, Heather Boyer

Erschienen in: Resilient Cities

Verlag: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics

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Abstract

In the first edition of this book, we wrote about a group of cities showing how to experiment with solar energy and wind power. They were proudly and bravely stepping into a largely unknown world, passionate about starting a journey that had to be embarked on no matter what it cost. These included Masdar City in the United Arab Emirates; Freiburg and Kronsberg in Germany; Malmö in Sweden; Perth, Adelaide, Melbourne, and Sydney in Australia; Cape Town in South Africa; Daegu in South Korea; Barcelona in Spain; London in the United Kingdom; Toronto in Canada; and Seattle, Chicago, San Francisco, Sacramento, Austin, Atlanta, and Honolulu in the United States. Today most of these cities are ramping up their commitments and countless others are joining them, as doing so is no longer an economic burden but an economic necessity. This chapter is about the rise of renewable energy and how it is providing new opportunities for resilient cities.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Introduction: Urban Resilience: Cities of Fear and Hope

Nächstes Kapitel Create Sustainable Mobility Systems

Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), “New Energy Outlook 2015: Long-Term Projections of the Global Energy Sector” (New York: Bloomberg L.P., 2015); Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), “New Energy Outlook 2016: Powering a Changing World” (New York: Bloomberg L.P., 2016), https://www.bloomberg.com/company/new-energy-outlook.

Kari Alanne and Arto Saari, “Distributed Energy Generation and Sustainable Development,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 10, no. 6 (December 2006): 539–558, doi:10.1016/j.rser.2004.11.004.

BNEF, “New Energy Outlook 2015”; BNEF, “New Energy Outlook 2016.”

U.S. Department of Energy, “Wind Vision: A New Era for Wind Power in the United States” (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, March 2015), http://energy.gov/eere/wind/wind-vision.

U.S. Department of Energy, “Unlocking Our Nation’s Wind Potential” (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, May 19, 2015), http://energy.gov/eere/articles/unlocking-our-nation-s-wind-potential.

Björn Nykvist and Måns Nilsson, “Rapidly Falling Costs of Battery Packs for Electric Vehicles,” Nature Climate Change 5 (2015): 329–332, doi:10.1038/nclimate2564.

Jemma Green and Peter Newman, “Citizen Utilities: The Emerging Power Paradigm, a Case Study in Perth, Australia,” Energy Policy (2017), forthcoming.

Joseph L. Bower and Clayton M. Christensen, “Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave,” Harvard Business Review 73, no. 1 (January–February 1995): 43–54; Tony Seba, Clean Disruption of Energy and Transportation: How Silicon Valley Will Make Oil, Nuclear, Natural Gas, Coal, Electric Utilities, and Conventional Cars Obsolete by 2030 (Silicon Valley, CA: Clean Planet Ventures, 2014), http://www.tonyseba.com; Tony Seba, “Clean Disruption of Energy and Transportation,” accessed September 2, 2015, http://tonyseba.com/portfolio-item/clean-disruption-of-energy-and-transportation/; Jemma Green and Peter Newman, “Disruptive Innovation, Stranded Assets, and Forecasting: The Rise and Rise of Renewable Energy,” Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment (2016): 1–19, doi:10.1080/20430795.2016.1265410.

SolarQuotes, “Solar Battery Storage Comparison Table,” http://www.solarquotes.com.au/battery-storage/comparison-table.

Galen Barbose et al., “Tracking the Sun VI: An Historical Summary of the Installed Price of Photovoltaics in the United States from 1998 to 2012,” LBNL-6350E (Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, July 2013), https://emp.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/lbnl-6350e.pdf.

J. Goldemberg, “Leapfrog Energy Technologies,” Energy Policy 26, no. 10 (August 1998): 729–741; Nature, “Leapfrogging the Power Grid,” editorial, Nature 427, no. 661 (February 19, 2004), doi:10.1038/427661a.

Moulton, “Perth Could Soon Be the First City to Be Completely Solar Powered,” News.com.au, October 26, 2015, http://www.news.com.au/technology/environment/climate-change/perth-could-soon-be-the-first-city-to-be-completely-solar-powered/news-story/8fd36f41526e7619bd3db3b7f20fa0c4?csp=9920c057b85ae6a12fba983c70c68e13.

Peter Bronski et al., “The Economics of Load Defection” (Boulder, CO: Rocky Mountain Institute, April 2015), http://www.rmi.org/cms/Download.aspx?id=11580&file=2015-05_RMI-TheEconomicsOfLoadDefection-FullReport.pdf.

Fereidoon P. Sioshansi, Distributed Generation and Its Implications for the Utility Industry (Cambridge: Elsevier, Academic Press), 2014.

Damien P. Giurco, Stuart B. White, and Rodney A. Stewart, “Smart Metering and Water End-Use Data: Conservation Benefits and Privacy Risks,” Water 2, no. 3 (2010): 461–467, doi:10.3390/w2030461.

B. Williams, “Hopetoun Infrastructure Study” (Perth: Landcorp, Government of Western Australia, 2008).

Bronski et al., “Economics of Load Defection”; Andrew Stock, Petra Stock, and Veena Sahajwalla, “Powerful Potential: Battery Storage for Renewable Energy and Electric Cars” (Sydney: Climate Council of Australia, 2015), https://www.climatecouncil.org.au/uploads/ebdfcdf89a6ce85c4c19a5f6a78989d7.pdf; World Bank, “Toward a Sustainable Energy Future for All: Directions for the World Bank’s Energy Sector” (Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2013), http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/07/17/000456286_20130717103746/Rendered/PDF/795970SST0SecM00box377380B00PUBLIC0.pdf; Tim Flannery and Veena Sahajwalla, “The Critical Decade: Australia’s Future—Solar Energy,” Australian Climate Commission, September 2, 2013, http://www.climatecouncil.org.au/uploads/497bcd1f058be45028e3df9d020ed561.pdf.

The Perth story is expanded in Green and Newman, “Disruptive Innovation,” and Green and Newman, “Citizen Utilities.”

Peter Newton and Peter Newman, “Critical Connections: The Role of the Built Environment Sector in Delivering Green Cities and a Green Economy,” Sustainability 7 (2015): 9417–9443, doi:10.3390/su7079417.

Josh Byrne & Associates, Web site for Josh’s House, http://joshshouse.com.au.

LandCorp, “Shared Solar Power on Trial in Australian First,” Innovation WGV, September 9, 2015, http://www.landcorp.com.au/innovation/wgv/Latest/Shared-solar-power-on-trial-in-Australian-first/; Moulton, “Perth Could Soon Be the First.”

Andy Extance, “The Future of Cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin and Beyond,” Nature 526, no. 7571 (October 1, 2015): 21–23, doi:10.1038/526021a.

Aviva Rutkin, “Blockchain-Based Microgrid Gives Power to Consumers in New York,” New Scientist, March 2, 2016, https://www.newscientist.com/article/2079334-blockchain-based-microgrid-gives-power-to-consumers-in-new-york/?utm_source=NSNS&utm_medium=SOC&utm_campaign=hoot&cmpid=SOC%7CNSNS%7C2016-GLOBAL-hoot.

Özgür Yildiz et al., “Renewable Energy Cooperatives as Gatekeepers or Facilitators? Recent Developments in Germany and a Multidisciplinary Research Agenda,” Energy Research & Social Science 6 (March 2015): 59–73, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2014.12.001.

Sustainable Built Environment National Research Centre, “Perth Airport Sustainability Research Project,” Overview Report (Brisbane: Sustainable Built Environment National Research Centre, 2017), http://www.sbenrc.com.au.

Peter Fox-Penner, “Why Apple Is Getting into the Energy Business,” Harvard Business Review, November 25, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/11/why-apple-is-getting-into-the-energy-business.

Gerard Drew, “Zero Carbon Australia: Renewable Energy Superpower” (Melbourne: Beyond Zero Emissions, 2015), http://bze.org.au.

Gunter Pauli, The Blue Economy: 10 Years, 100 Innovations, 100 Million Jobs (Brookline, MA: Paradigm, 2010).

See Wang Wei and Gong Jinlong, “Methanation of Carbon Dioxide: An Overview,” Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 5, no. 1 (March 2011): 2–10, doi:10.1007/s11705-010-0528-3; Peter Newman and Jeffrey Kenworthy, The End of Automobile Dependence: How Cities Are Moving Beyond Car-Based Planning (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2015).

^a Bob Shaw, “Solar Gardens Are About to Flood across the Twin Cities—Here’s Why,” Twin Cities Pioneer Press, March 11, 2016.

Drew, “Zero Carbon Australia.”

EcoDistricts, http://www.ecodistricts.org.

Jan Scheurer and Peter Newman, “Vauban: A European Model Bridging the Green and Brown Agendas,” unpublished case study prepared for Planning Sustainable Cities: Global Report on Human Settlements 2009, by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) (London: Earthscan and United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2009), http://unhabitat.org/books/global-report-on-human-settlements-2009-planning-sustainable-cities/; Isabelle de Pommereau, “New German Community Models Car-Free Living,” Christian Science Monitor, December 20, 2006.

Solar Austin, http://www.solaraustin.org/.

Sacramento Municipal Utility District, https://www.smud.org/en/index.htm.

Adelaide City Council, “Carbon Neutral Adelaide,” http://www.adelaidecitycouncil.com/city-living/sustainable-adelaide/carbon-neutral-adelaide/.

Laurie Guevara-Stone, “Barcelona: Spain’s City of the Sun,” RenewEconomy, August 12, 2014, http://reneweconomy.com.au/barcelona-spains-city-of-the-sun-54062/.

See Peter Newman and Isabella Jennings, Cities as Sustainable Ecosystems: Principles and Practices (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2008).

See Vanessa Rauland and Peter Newman, Decarbonising Cities: Mainstreaming Low Carbon Urban Development (London: Springer, 2015).

Laurie Guevara-Stone, “How Malmö, Sweden Is Leading Way on Sustainability,” RenewEconomy, September 24, 2014, http://reneweconomy.com.au/malmo-sweden-leading-way-70597/.

Sacramento Municipal Utility District, https://www.smud.org/en/index.htm.

Bobby Magill, “We Could Put Utility-Scale Solar Plants in Our Cities,” Grist, March 17, 2015, http://grist.org/business-technology/we-could-put-utility-scale-solar-plants-in-our-cities/.

Instituto de Turismo de España, “The Island of El Hierro, a Model of Sustainable Tourism,” http://www.spain.info/en/reportajes/el_hierro_modelo_de_turismosostenible.html.

Canada Solar Energy, Toronto Citizens Take Control of Their Electricity Needs, video, July 24, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GpUBkb4Gh4; see also C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, “Case Study: Toronto’s Eco-Roof Incentive Program,” January 16, 2015, http://www.c40.org/case_studies/toronto-s-eco-roof-incentive-program.

“Brøset: Towards a Carbon Neutral Housing Settlement” (blog), https://brozed.wordpress.com/project-examples/kronsberg-hannover/.

Peter Droege, Urban Energy Transition: From Fossil Fuels to Renewable Power (Oxford: Elsevier, 2008).

Luke Sussams and James Leaton, “Expect the Unexpected: The Disruptive Power of Low-Carbon Technology,” Carbon Tracker Initiative, February 2017, http://www.carbontracker.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Expect-the-Unexpected_CTI_Imperial.pdf.

Titel: Invest in Renewable and Distributed Energy
verfasst von: Peter Newman
Timothy Beatley
Heather Boyer
Verlag: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics
Buch: Resilient Cities
Print ISBN: 978-1-61091-871-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-61091-686-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-686-8_2

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