Skip to main content

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Investigation of Pressure Rise in Automotive Airbags

verfasst von : Viktória Mikáczó, Zoltán Siménfalvi, Gábor L. Szepesi

Erschienen in: Vehicle and Automotive Engineering 2

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Safety is a widely spread topic in engineering, from specific producing processes to everyday life. Innovation of passenger cars belongs to the frontline of industrial sector. Higher and higher performance motors, more streamlined vehicle dynamics, more reliable autonomous vehicles, and minor noise and vibration are the most expected developments what customers prefer. However, it is not allowed to forget automotive safety, which effectiveness prevents fatalities to drivers and passengers.
A very important part of this safety system are the airbags. Frontal airbags aim at preventing serious injuries from impacts of the driver’s or passenger’s head or upper body against the steering wheel or other parts of the vehicle. Worldwide almost every vehicle produced with frontal or front-seat passenger airbags. Their improvement and investigation of operation is a main role of production. Pressure rise and gas temperature in bladders are significant information related to their operating mechanism.
Many investigations can be found in literature which describe the occurring processes during the explosion. Most of them are computational or experimental ones, and others sets up mathematical models. This paper presents options of modelling pressure rise in automotive airbags and inflators.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Flink, M.: Volvo’s work within active safety. In: IV Congresso Rodoviário Português – Estrada 2006, Estrada, De 05 a 07 de Abr. de 2006 (2006) Flink, M.: Volvo’s work within active safety. In: IV Congresso Rodoviário Português – Estrada 2006, Estrada, De 05 a 07 de Abr. de 2006 (2006)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat D’Elia, A., Newstead, S., Scully, J.: Evaluation of vehicle side airbag effectiveness in Victoria, Australia. Accid. Anal. Prev. 54, 67–72 (2013)CrossRef D’Elia, A., Newstead, S., Scully, J.: Evaluation of vehicle side airbag effectiveness in Victoria, Australia. Accid. Anal. Prev. 54, 67–72 (2013)CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahmad, Z.: The unassuming danger of car airbags: injuries secondary to airbag deployment. Inj. Extra 42, 69–70 (2011)CrossRef Ahmad, Z.: The unassuming danger of car airbags: injuries secondary to airbag deployment. Inj. Extra 42, 69–70 (2011)CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Pal, C., Tomosaburo, O., Vimalathithan, K., Jeyabharath, M., Muthukumar, M., Satheesh, N., Narahari, S.: Effect of weight, height and BMI on injury outcome in side impact crashes without airbag deployment. Accid. Anal. Prev. 72, 193–209 (2014)CrossRef Pal, C., Tomosaburo, O., Vimalathithan, K., Jeyabharath, M., Muthukumar, M., Satheesh, N., Narahari, S.: Effect of weight, height and BMI on injury outcome in side impact crashes without airbag deployment. Accid. Anal. Prev. 72, 193–209 (2014)CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Williams, R.F., Croce, M.A.: Are airbags effective in decreasing trauma in auto accidents? Adv. Surg. 43, 139–145 (2009)CrossRef Williams, R.F., Croce, M.A.: Are airbags effective in decreasing trauma in auto accidents? Adv. Surg. 43, 139–145 (2009)CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsai, M.Y., Ho, S.W., Yeh, Y.T., Yeh, C.B.: Occult thoraco-abdominal injuries from an airbag and seatbelt. J. Acute Med. 3, 56–58 (2013)CrossRef Tsai, M.Y., Ho, S.W., Yeh, Y.T., Yeh, C.B.: Occult thoraco-abdominal injuries from an airbag and seatbelt. J. Acute Med. 3, 56–58 (2013)CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Høye, A.: Are airbags a dangerous safety measure? A meta-analysis of the effects of frontal airbags on driver fatalities. Accid. Anal. Prev. 42, 2030–2040 (2010)CrossRef Høye, A.: Are airbags a dangerous safety measure? A meta-analysis of the effects of frontal airbags on driver fatalities. Accid. Anal. Prev. 42, 2030–2040 (2010)CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Gabauer, D.J., Gabler, H.C.: The effects of airbags and seatbelts on occupant injury in longitudinal barrier crashes. J. Saf. Res. 41, 9–15 (2010)CrossRef Gabauer, D.J., Gabler, H.C.: The effects of airbags and seatbelts on occupant injury in longitudinal barrier crashes. J. Saf. Res. 41, 9–15 (2010)CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat MacLennan, P.A., Ashwander, W.S., Griffin, R., McGwin, G., Rue, L.W.: Injury risks between first- and second-generation airbags in frontal motor vehicle collisions. Accid. Anal. Prev. 40, 1371–1374 (2008)CrossRef MacLennan, P.A., Ashwander, W.S., Griffin, R., McGwin, G., Rue, L.W.: Injury risks between first- and second-generation airbags in frontal motor vehicle collisions. Accid. Anal. Prev. 40, 1371–1374 (2008)CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Varghese, P.L., El-Katerji, W.A.: Investigation of heat transfer in zirconium potassium perchlorate at low temperature: a study of the failure mechanism of the NASA standard initiator, Austin (1989) Varghese, P.L., El-Katerji, W.A.: Investigation of heat transfer in zirconium potassium perchlorate at low temperature: a study of the failure mechanism of the NASA standard initiator, Austin (1989)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Adams, B.: Automobile air bag inflation system using pressurized carbon dioxide (1998) Adams, B.: Automobile air bag inflation system using pressurized carbon dioxide (1998)
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Butler, P.B., Kang, J., Krier, H.: Modeling and numerical simulation of the internal thermochemistry of automotive airbag inflators. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 19, 365–382 (1993)CrossRef Butler, P.B., Kang, J., Krier, H.: Modeling and numerical simulation of the internal thermochemistry of automotive airbag inflators. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 19, 365–382 (1993)CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Alkam, M.K., Butler, P.B.: Thermal simulation of a pyrotechnic solid-propellant gas. Jordan J. Mech. Ind. Eng. 3, 198–205 (2009) Alkam, M.K., Butler, P.B.: Thermal simulation of a pyrotechnic solid-propellant gas. Jordan J. Mech. Ind. Eng. 3, 198–205 (2009)
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Berger, J.M., Butler, P.B.: Equilibrium analysis of three classes of automotive airbag inflator propellants. Combust. Sci. Technol. 104, 93–114 (1995)CrossRef Berger, J.M., Butler, P.B.: Equilibrium analysis of three classes of automotive airbag inflator propellants. Combust. Sci. Technol. 104, 93–114 (1995)CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith, R.P., Wilcox, D.E.: Toxicology of selected nitric oxide-donating xenobiotics, with particular reference to azide. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 24, 355–377 (1994)CrossRef Smith, R.P., Wilcox, D.E.: Toxicology of selected nitric oxide-donating xenobiotics, with particular reference to azide. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 24, 355–377 (1994)CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Betterton, E.A., Lowry, J., Ingamells, R., Venner, B.: Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of sodium azide with hypochlorite in aqueous solution. J. Hazard. Mater. 182, 716–722 (2010)CrossRef Betterton, E.A., Lowry, J., Ingamells, R., Venner, B.: Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of sodium azide with hypochlorite in aqueous solution. J. Hazard. Mater. 182, 716–722 (2010)CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Fresnel, H., Longère, P., Grolleau, V., Hardy, P., Rio, G.: Numerical prediction of the structural failure of airbag inflators in the destructive testing phase. Eng. Fail. Anal. 16, 2140–2152 (2009)CrossRef Fresnel, H., Longère, P., Grolleau, V., Hardy, P., Rio, G.: Numerical prediction of the structural failure of airbag inflators in the destructive testing phase. Eng. Fail. Anal. 16, 2140–2152 (2009)CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruff, C., Jost, T., Eichberger, A.: Simulation of an airbag deployment in out-of-position situations. User Model. User Adapt. Interact. 45, 953–967 (2007) Ruff, C., Jost, T., Eichberger, A.: Simulation of an airbag deployment in out-of-position situations. User Model. User Adapt. Interact. 45, 953–967 (2007)
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Cruise, D.R.: Theoretical Computations of Equilibrium Compositions, Thermodynamic Properties, and Performance Characteristics of Propellant Systems. Naval Weapons Center, China Lake (1979) Cruise, D.R.: Theoretical Computations of Equilibrium Compositions, Thermodynamic Properties, and Performance Characteristics of Propellant Systems. Naval Weapons Center, China Lake (1979)
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Guo, S., Wang, Q., Sun, J., Liao, X., Wang, Z.S.: Study on the influence of moisture content on thermal stability of propellant. J. Hazard. Mater. 168, 536–541 (2009)CrossRef Guo, S., Wang, Q., Sun, J., Liao, X., Wang, Z.S.: Study on the influence of moisture content on thermal stability of propellant. J. Hazard. Mater. 168, 536–541 (2009)CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Sinz, W., Hermann, S.: The development of a 3D-Navier-Stokes code for the simulation of an airbag inflation. Simul. Model. Pract. Theor. 16, 885–899 (2008)CrossRef Sinz, W., Hermann, S.: The development of a 3D-Navier-Stokes code for the simulation of an airbag inflation. Simul. Model. Pract. Theor. 16, 885–899 (2008)CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Bendjaballah, D., Bouchoucha, A., Sahli, M.L.: Numerical simulation of the passenger side airbag deployment in out-of-position. In: Zamojski, W. (ed.) Dependability Engineering and Complex Systems, pp. 13–24. Springer, Cham (2016) Bendjaballah, D., Bouchoucha, A., Sahli, M.L.: Numerical simulation of the passenger side airbag deployment in out-of-position. In: Zamojski, W. (ed.) Dependability Engineering and Complex Systems, pp. 13–24. Springer, Cham (2016)
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoffmann, J., Freisinger, M., Schmehl, R., Lewis, M.: CFD analysis of the flow from an airbag inflator module. In: International Pyrotechnic Automotive Safety Symposium - IPASS 2007, vol. 18 (2007) Hoffmann, J., Freisinger, M., Schmehl, R., Lewis, M.: CFD analysis of the flow from an airbag inflator module. In: International Pyrotechnic Automotive Safety Symposium - IPASS 2007, vol. 18 (2007)
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Alcala, E., Martinez, L., Rodriguez, C.J., Lopez, A., Neira, F.: Analytical Matlab/Simulink model of pyrotechnical gas generators for airbags. Int. J. Crashworthiness 14, 641–657 (2009)CrossRef Alcala, E., Martinez, L., Rodriguez, C.J., Lopez, A., Neira, F.: Analytical Matlab/Simulink model of pyrotechnical gas generators for airbags. Int. J. Crashworthiness 14, 641–657 (2009)CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat SAE International (Inflatable Restraints Committee): Airbag inflator ballistic tank test procedure for gas generators used in inflatable restraint systems (2001) SAE International (Inflatable Restraints Committee): Airbag inflator ballistic tank test procedure for gas generators used in inflatable restraint systems (2001)
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Seo, Y.D., Chung, S.H., Yoh, J.J.: Automotive airbag inflator analysis using the measured properties of modern propellants. Fuel 90, 1395–1401 (2011)CrossRef Seo, Y.D., Chung, S.H., Yoh, J.J.: Automotive airbag inflator analysis using the measured properties of modern propellants. Fuel 90, 1395–1401 (2011)CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Im, K., Cook, G., Zhang, Z.-C.: Chemically reactive flows in airbag inflator. In: 10th European LS-DYNA Conference, Würzburg (2015) Im, K., Cook, G., Zhang, Z.-C.: Chemically reactive flows in airbag inflator. In: 10th European LS-DYNA Conference, Würzburg (2015)
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Im, K., Zhang, Z., Cook, G.: Modeling of automotive airbag inflators using chemistry. In: 13th International LS-DYNA Users Conference, pp. 1–3 (2014) Im, K., Zhang, Z., Cook, G.: Modeling of automotive airbag inflators using chemistry. In: 13th International LS-DYNA Users Conference, pp. 1–3 (2014)
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Im, K., Zhang, Z., Cook, G.O.: New inflator models in LS-DYNA, pp. 12–15 (2016) Im, K., Zhang, Z., Cook, G.O.: New inflator models in LS-DYNA, pp. 12–15 (2016)
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Im, K., Zhang, Z., Cook, G.O.: Airbag inflator models in LS-DYNA®. In: 14th International LS_DYNA Users Conference, pp. 12–15 (2016) Im, K., Zhang, Z., Cook, G.O.: Airbag inflator models in LS-DYNA®. In: 14th International LS_DYNA Users Conference, pp. 12–15 (2016)
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Mercer, G.N., Sidhu, H.S.: Modeling thermal burns due to airbag deployment. Burns 31, 977–980 (2005)CrossRef Mercer, G.N., Sidhu, H.S.: Modeling thermal burns due to airbag deployment. Burns 31, 977–980 (2005)CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Investigation of Pressure Rise in Automotive Airbags
verfasst von
Viktória Mikáczó
Zoltán Siménfalvi
Gábor L. Szepesi
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75677-6_40

    Premium Partner