Skip to main content

2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Is Slowing Down Enough to Model Movement on Stairs?

verfasst von : Gerta Köster, Daniel Lehmberg, Felix Dietrich

Erschienen in: Traffic and Granular Flow '15

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

There are many well validated models of pedestrian movement on a flat surface. This is not the case for movement on stairs. Experiments show that pedestrians slow down when climbing or descending stairs. Hence, it is tempting to model movement on stairs by simply slowing down by a factor. But this would imply that, other than being slower, motion on stairs mirrors motion in the plane. Is that assumption justified? We conduct field observations that reveal similarities but also significant differences. Thus, we argue that modelling movement on stairs by slowing down free-flow velocities may be an acceptable first shot. True microscopic behaviour, however, like treading from step to step and keeping to a straight line instead of trying to overtake can only be captured by a dedicated model. We present an extension to the Optimal Steps Model that achieves this.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Burghardt, S., Seyfried, A., Klingsch, W.: Performance of stairs-fundamental diagram and topographical measurements. Transp. Res. Part C: Emerg. Technol. 37, 268–278 (2013)CrossRef Burghardt, S., Seyfried, A., Klingsch, W.: Performance of stairs-fundamental diagram and topographical measurements. Transp. Res. Part C: Emerg. Technol. 37, 268–278 (2013)CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Davidich, M., Köster, G.: Predicting pedestrian flow: a methodology and a proof of concept based on real-life data. PloS one 8(12), e83355 (2013) Davidich, M., Köster, G.: Predicting pedestrian flow: a methodology and a proof of concept based on real-life data. PloS one 8(12), e83355 (2013)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietrich, F., Köster, G.: Gradient navigation model for pedestrian dynamics. Phys. Rev. E 89(6), 062801 (2014) Dietrich, F., Köster, G.: Gradient navigation model for pedestrian dynamics. Phys. Rev. E 89(6), 062801 (2014)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietrich, F., Köster, G., Seitz, M., von Sivers, I.: Bridging the gap: from cellular automata to differential equation models for pedestrian dynamics. J. Comput. Sci. 5(5), 841–846 (2014)CrossRef Dietrich, F., Köster, G., Seitz, M., von Sivers, I.: Bridging the gap: from cellular automata to differential equation models for pedestrian dynamics. J. Comput. Sci. 5(5), 841–846 (2014)CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Frantzich, H.: Study of movement on stairs during evacuation using video analysing techniques. LUTVDG/TVBB–3079–SE (1996) Frantzich, H.: Study of movement on stairs during evacuation using video analysing techniques. LUTVDG/TVBB–3079–SE (1996)
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Fujiyama, T., Tyler, N.: Pedestrian speeds on stairs: an initial step for a simulation model (2004) Fujiyama, T., Tyler, N.: Pedestrian speeds on stairs: an initial step for a simulation model (2004)
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamacher, H.W., Tjandra, S.A.: Mathematical modelling of evacuation problems: a state of art. Fraunhofer-Institut für Techno-und Wirtschaftsmathematik, Fraunhofer (ITWM) (2001) Hamacher, H.W., Tjandra, S.A.: Mathematical modelling of evacuation problems: a state of art. Fraunhofer-Institut für Techno-und Wirtschaftsmathematik, Fraunhofer (ITWM) (2001)
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Isenhour, M.L., Löhner, R.: Verification of a pedestrian simulation tool using the NIST recommended test cases. Transp. Res. Procedia 2, 237–245 (2014)CrossRef Isenhour, M.L., Löhner, R.: Verification of a pedestrian simulation tool using the NIST recommended test cases. Transp. Res. Procedia 2, 237–245 (2014)CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirtley, C., Whittle, M.W., Jefferson, R.: Influence of walking speed on gait parameters. J. Biomed. Eng. 7(4), 282–288 (1985)CrossRef Kirtley, C., Whittle, M.W., Jefferson, R.: Influence of walking speed on gait parameters. J. Biomed. Eng. 7(4), 282–288 (1985)CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Kretz, T., Grünebohm, A., Kessel, A., Klüpfel, H., Meyer-König, T., Schreckenberg, M.: Upstairs walking speed distributions on a long stairway. Saf. Sci. 46(1), 72–78 (2008)CrossRef Kretz, T., Grünebohm, A., Kessel, A., Klüpfel, H., Meyer-König, T., Schreckenberg, M.: Upstairs walking speed distributions on a long stairway. Saf. Sci. 46(1), 72–78 (2008)CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Kretz, T., Grünebohm, A., Schreckenberg, M.: Experimental study of pedestrian flow through a bottleneck. J. Stat. Mech. Theory Exp. 2006(10), P10014 (2006) Kretz, T., Grünebohm, A., Schreckenberg, M.: Experimental study of pedestrian flow through a bottleneck. J. Stat. Mech. Theory Exp. 2006(10), P10014 (2006)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Liddle, J., Seyfried, A., Steffen, B.: Analysis of bottleneck motion using voronoi diagrams. In: Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, pp. 833–836. Springer (2011) Liddle, J., Seyfried, A., Steffen, B.: Analysis of bottleneck motion using voronoi diagrams. In: Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, pp. 833–836. Springer (2011)
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Norén, J., Delin, M., Fridolf, K.: Ascending stair evacuation: what do we know? Transp. Res. Procedia 2, 774–782 (2014)CrossRef Norén, J., Delin, M., Fridolf, K.: Ascending stair evacuation: what do we know? Transp. Res. Procedia 2, 774–782 (2014)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Seitz, M.J., Dietrich, F., Köster, G.: A study of pedestrian stepping behaviour for crowd simulation. Transp. Res. Procedia 2, 282–290 (2014)CrossRef Seitz, M.J., Dietrich, F., Köster, G.: A study of pedestrian stepping behaviour for crowd simulation. Transp. Res. Procedia 2, 282–290 (2014)CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Seitz, M.J., Köster, G.: Natural discretization of pedestrian movement in continuous space. Phys. Rev. E 86(4), 046108 (2012) Seitz, M.J., Köster, G.: Natural discretization of pedestrian movement in continuous space. Phys. Rev. E 86(4), 046108 (2012)
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Seitz, M.J., Köster, G.: How update schemes influence crowd simulations. J. Stat. Mech. Theory Exp. 2014(7), P07002 (2014) Seitz, M.J., Köster, G.: How update schemes influence crowd simulations. J. Stat. Mech. Theory Exp. 2014(7), P07002 (2014)
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Seyfried, A., Passon, O., Steffen, B., Boltes, M., Rupprecht, T., Klingsch, W.: New insights into pedestrian flow through bottlenecks. Transp. Sci. 43(3), 395–406 (2009)CrossRef Seyfried, A., Passon, O., Steffen, B., Boltes, M., Rupprecht, T., Klingsch, W.: New insights into pedestrian flow through bottlenecks. Transp. Sci. 43(3), 395–406 (2009)CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Seyfried, A., Steffen, B., Klingsch, W., Boltes, M.: The fundamental diagram of pedestrian movement revisited. J. Stat. Mech. Theory Exp. 2005(10), P10002 (2005) Seyfried, A., Steffen, B., Klingsch, W., Boltes, M.: The fundamental diagram of pedestrian movement revisited. J. Stat. Mech. Theory Exp. 2005(10), P10002 (2005)
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah, J., Joshi, G., Parida, P.: Behavioral characteristics of pedestrian flow on stairway at railway station. Procedia-Soc. Behav. Sci. 104, 688–697 (2013)CrossRef Shah, J., Joshi, G., Parida, P.: Behavioral characteristics of pedestrian flow on stairway at railway station. Procedia-Soc. Behav. Sci. 104, 688–697 (2013)CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat von Sivers, I., Köster, G.: Dynamic stride length adaptation according to utility and personal space. Transp. Res. Part B: Methodological 74, 104–117 (2015)CrossRef von Sivers, I., Köster, G.: Dynamic stride length adaptation according to utility and personal space. Transp. Res. Part B: Methodological 74, 104–117 (2015)CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat von Sivers, I., Köster, G.: Realistic stride length adaptation in the optimal steps model. In: Traffic and Granular Flow’13, pp. 171–178. Springer (2015) von Sivers, I., Köster, G.: Realistic stride length adaptation in the optimal steps model. In: Traffic and Granular Flow’13, pp. 171–178. Springer (2015)
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Weidmann, U.: Transporttechnik der fussgänger (1992) Weidmann, U.: Transporttechnik der fussgänger (1992)
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, J., Seyfried, A.: Comparison of intersecting pedestrian flows based on experiments. Phys. A: Stat. Mech. Appl. 405, 316–325 (2014)CrossRef Zhang, J., Seyfried, A.: Comparison of intersecting pedestrian flows based on experiments. Phys. A: Stat. Mech. Appl. 405, 316–325 (2014)CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Is Slowing Down Enough to Model Movement on Stairs?
verfasst von
Gerta Köster
Daniel Lehmberg
Felix Dietrich
Copyright-Jahr
2016
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33482-0_5