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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Justice in Mitigation After Paris

verfasst von : Darrel Moellendorf

Erschienen in: Climate Change and Its Impacts

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Justice between generations requires that the present generation takes significant steps to limit and then halt global warming. International justice requires that this be done in a manner that is consistent with poorer states continuing to pursue energy intensive, poverty eradicating human development strategies. The de-centralized process of pledging emissions reductions incorporated in Paris Agreement provides significant protection to poor states, and it is to be cheered by advocates of international justice. But this same process is thus far inadequate to the task of realizing intergenerational justice. States must increase the ambition of their pledges significantly. And the burden in that regard must fall primarily on wealthy countries in order to ensure that poverty eradicating human development can continue where it is needed. But collective action problems may undermine efforts to ramp up ambition. If the price of renewable energy does not fall sufficiently, states may be likely to shirk their responsibilities. Even if the price of fossil fuels continues to fall, the political influence of the fossil fuel industry could frustrate the mitigation effort. The best prospects for achieving justice in mitigation after the Paris Agreement lies in the success of movements that seek to redirect energy investment and policy towards renewable energy.

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Fußnoten
1
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report, Summary for Policy Makers, pp. 10–11.
 
2
Ibid., pp. 13–16.
 
3
Ibid., p. 6.
 
4
Stocker et al. (2013).
 
5
Much of the debate has centered around Nordhaus (2008) and Stern (2006). I discuss these in The Moral Challenge of Dangerous Climate Change: Values, Poverty, and Policy (Cambridge University Press, 2014).
 
6
See Moellendorf and Schaffer (2016).
 
7
European Commission Press release (2017).
 
8
UNFCCC (2009).
 
9
UNFCCC (2010).
 
10
UNFCCC (2015).
 
11
Knight (1921), Chap. 8. This is further discussed in my The Moral Challenge to Dangerous Climate Change, Chap. 3.
 
12
IPPC 2013, WG1, SPM, p. 25.
 
13
Nicholls et al. (2008).
 
14
IPCC 2013 WG1, SPM. p. 29.
 
15
For elaboration of the skeptical view see for example Sunstein (2005), pt. 1 and Posner (2004), Chap. 3.
 
16
Three of these four conditions are discussed in more detail in The Moral Challenge of Dangerous Climate Change, Chap. 3. I have added condition 2 to the three discussed in the book.
 
17
AR5, SPM, pp. 9–10.
 
18
Ibid.
 
20
International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2011.
 
21
International Energy Agency (IEA) (2010).
 
22
Stern (2016).
 
23
IEA, Energy Poverty, 13–14.
 
24
Ibid.
 
25
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. See https://​unfccc.​int/​resource/​docs/​convkp/​conveng.​pdf.
 
26
UNFCCC, Conference of the Parties, Twenty-first session (Paris Agreement), Article 2, paragraph 1. See https://​unfccc.​int/​resource/​docs/​2015/​cop21/​eng/​l09.​pdf.
 
27
Rogelj et al. (2016).
 
28
Paris Agreement.
 
29
The importance of iteration in building trust so as to prevent collective action problems is well appreciated. Elinor Ostrom discusses the issue Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015), especially Chap. 6.
 
30
Ibid., Chap. 2.
 
31
Voigt (2015).
 
32
Gardiner (2001). The idea is introduced on pages 32–40.
 
33
International Energy Agency (IEA) (2015).
 
34
Randall (2016).
 
35
Ibid.
 
36
Coady et al. (2015).
 
37
OECD and IEA, Energy and Air Pollution: World Energy Outlook Special Report 2016, Executive Summary, p. 1.
 
38
Carbon Tracker Initiative (2016).
 
39
Various studies are compared in IEA, “Can CO2 Capture and Storage Unlock ‘Unburnable Carbon’?” May 2016. Available on line at http://​www.​ieaghg.​org/​exco_​docs/​2016-05.​pdf. (Accessed Sept. 24, 2016.)
 
40
See Oreskes and Conway (2010), Chap. 6.
 
41
Oil Change International (2016).
 
42
See Fossil Free: http://​gofossilfree.​org/​what-is-fossil-fuel-divestment/​. (Accessed Sept. 24, 2016.)
 
43
See Carbon Tracker Initiative: http://​www.​carbontracker.​org/​. (Accessed Sept. 24, 2016.)
 
44
See the Sierra Club Beyond Coal: http://​content.​sierraclub.​org/​coal/​. (Accessed Sept. 24, 2016.)
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Justice in Mitigation After Paris
verfasst von
Darrel Moellendorf
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77544-9_4