Keynote: Analysis of Extreme Floods in Malaysia

This article reviews some of the recent advances in the analysis of extreme flood events in Malaysia. First, a detailed analysis of daily rainfall precipitation measurements leads to new understanding regarding Malaysian monsoons: the conditional probability of rainfall steadily increases as a function of the number of successive rainy days. The probability of multiday rainfall events has also been analyzed using stochastic models like DARMA(1,1) to demonstrate lower periods of returns of large precipitation amounts for rainfall events between 4 and 12 days. Advances in numerical modeling of surface runoff using the TREX model allowed improved simulations of large floods when considering rainfall amounts between the 2- and 100-year events and the PMP for extreme floods on both small to large watersheds in Malaysia. Examples on Lui, Semenyih, and Kota Tinggi have also been possible with GIS data at 30–90 m resolution. The recent floods of the Kota Tinggi and Muda River are also briefly discussed. Finally, a brief overview of the DID River Management Manual is also presented.