12. Lake Eutrophication: Causes, Concerns and Remedial Measures

Eutrophication is one of the most challenging ecological problem that the surface water bodies are facing from more than a century ago. Human activities such as rapid urbanization and industrialization, improper sewage disposal, use of agrochemicals and laundry detergents etc. have resulted in rapid cultural eutrophication of many freshwater lakes in recent times. Eutrophication have serious impact on the whole ecosystem, drinking water, agriculture, fisheries, and economic as well as aesthetic view. The cases of lake eutrophication have been observed almost every part of the world, especially it is increasing in fast developing countries like China, India etc. In recent times several control measures have been implemented to mitigate eutrophication. Some of the methods such as biological control and physio-chemical control measures have been addressed in the review. However efficiency of these methods to control eutrophication are case specific and need detail investigation prior to choice of method. In recent times ecological modelling has emerged as a powerful tool for government and decision makers to implement a proper lake eutrophication control program. Present understanding of knowledge about lake eutrophication mechanism and its mitigation measures will be beneficial for future research as well as lake restoration prospects.