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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Launching the Interstate Highway Program

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Abstract

During World War II, regular highway programs stopped. Highway materials and personnel were used to build access roads for war production and military needs. With rationing of gasoline and tires, and no new automobiles being manufactured, the use of transit mushroomed. Between 1941 and 1946, transit ridership grew by 65 % to an all-time high of 23.4 billion trips annually (American Public Transit Association 1995) (Fig. 4.1).

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Literatur
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Zurück zum Zitat Brown, Geoffrey, J.H., 2015, Recollections of 499. Unpublished. Brown, Geoffrey, J.H., 2015, Recollections of 499. Unpublished.
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Zurück zum Zitat Heanue, Kevin and Edward Weiner, 2012,“Metropolitan Transportation Planning - An Abbreviated History of the First 50 Years,” TR News 283, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC 20001, November–December, pp. 27-36. Heanue, Kevin and Edward Weiner, 2012,“Metropolitan Transportation Planning - An Abbreviated History of the First 50 Years,” TR News 283, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC 20001, November–December, pp. 27-36.
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Zurück zum Zitat Johnson, Katherine M., “Captain Blake versus the Highwaymen: Or, How San Francisco Won the Freeway Revolt,” Journal of Planning History 2009; 8; 56, originally published online Nov. 28, 2008. Johnson, Katherine M., “Captain Blake versus the Highwaymen: Or, How San Francisco Won the Freeway Revolt,” Journal of Planning History 2009; 8; 56, originally published online Nov. 28, 2008.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuehn, Thomas J., 1976, The Development of National Highway Policy, University of Washington. August. Kuehn, Thomas J., 1976, The Development of National Highway Policy, University of Washington. August.
Zurück zum Zitat Lash, Michael, 1967, “Case Study: Washington, DC – Conflicts in Rapid Transit Planning,” Urban Mass Transit Planning, edited by Wolfgang S. Homburger, The Institute of Transportation and traffic Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA. Lash, Michael, 1967, “Case Study: Washington, DC – Conflicts in Rapid Transit Planning,” Urban Mass Transit Planning, edited by Wolfgang S. Homburger, The Institute of Transportation and traffic Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
Zurück zum Zitat Oi, Walter Y. and Paul William Shuldiner, 1962, An Analysis Of Urban Travel Demands, Northwestern University Press, for the Transportation Center, Northwestern University. Oi, Walter Y. and Paul William Shuldiner, 1962, An Analysis Of Urban Travel Demands, Northwestern University Press, for the Transportation Center, Northwestern University.
Zurück zum Zitat Sagamore Conference on Highways and Urban Development, 1958, Guidelines for Action, Conference Sponsored by American Municipal Association, American Association of State Highway Officials, Highway Research Board, and Syracuse University. October. Sagamore Conference on Highways and Urban Development, 1958, Guidelines for Action, Conference Sponsored by American Municipal Association, American Association of State Highway Officials, Highway Research Board, and Syracuse University. October.
Zurück zum Zitat ____, 1987, Research for Public Transit-New Directions, Transportation Research Board Special Report 213, Washington, D.C. ____, 1987, Research for Public Transit-New Directions, Transportation Research Board Special Report 213, Washington, D.C.
Zurück zum Zitat ____, 1957, The Administration of Federal-Aid for Highways, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. January. ____, 1957, The Administration of Federal-Aid for Highways, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. January.
Zurück zum Zitat U.S. Public Roads Administration, 1955, General Location of National System of Interstate Highways Including All Additional Routes at Urban Areas Designated, September. U.S. Public Roads Administration, 1955, General Location of National System of Interstate Highways Including All Additional Routes at Urban Areas Designated, September.
Zurück zum Zitat Washington Center for Metropolitan Studies, 1970, Comprehensive Planning for Metropolitan Development, prepared for U.S. Department of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Washington, D.C. Washington Center for Metropolitan Studies, 1970, Comprehensive Planning for Metropolitan Development, prepared for U.S. Department of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Washington, D.C.
Zurück zum Zitat Weingroff, Richard F., 2012, Designating the Urban Interstates, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Sept.13. Weingroff, Richard F., 2012, Designating the Urban Interstates, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Sept.13.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilbur Smith and Assoc., 1961, Future Highways and Urban Growth, prepared for the Automobile Manufacturers Association, February. Wilbur Smith and Assoc., 1961, Future Highways and Urban Growth, prepared for the Automobile Manufacturers Association, February.
Zurück zum Zitat Wingo, Lowden Jr., 1963, “An Analysis Of Urban Travel Demands,” (Book Review), The American Economic Review, Vol. 53, No. 5, American Economic Association, December, pp. 1168-1170 Wingo, Lowden Jr., 1963, “An Analysis Of Urban Travel Demands,” (Book Review), The American Economic Review, Vol. 53, No. 5, American Economic Association, December, pp. 1168-1170
Metadaten
Titel
Launching the Interstate Highway Program
verfasst von
Edward Weiner
Copyright-Jahr
2016
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39975-1_4