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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Law Reform and Legal Pluralism Developments

verfasst von : Teleiai Lalotoa Mulitalo Ropinisone Silipa Seumanutafa

Erschienen in: Law Reform in Plural Societies

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

In England, Australia and Canada, there are records of early attempts to establish law reform machinery dating as far back as the fifteenth century. The systematic process of law reform achieved in the nineteenth century was in the form of temporary and part time law reform commissions. The first formal body established to carry out law reform was the 1934 Law Revision Committee in England appointed by Lord Chancellor Sankey. The institutional Law Commission was established under the Law Commission Act of 1975 to be an independent and permanent office staffed by lawyers and support staff. The early literature on law reform offers useful insights for this book on how the forces of government, the bureaucracy and civil society transform law reform machineries and agencies at a given place and time.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Introduction

Nächstes Kapitel A Research Methodology for the Pacific

Hurlburt (1986), p 15; Sutton (1970), p. 19; Kirby (1983).

Law Commission Act 1965 (UK) ch 22; Geoffrey Sawer (1970), p. 183.

Neave (2001).

Commonwealth Secretariat (2005); Sutton, above n 1.

For example, the Australian Law Reform Commission Act 1996 (Cth) which repealed the Australian Law Reform Commission Act 1973 (Cth), and the Law Reform Commission Act 1970 (Canada) which was later repealed and the Commission was re-established under the Law Commission Act 1996 (Canada).

Ross (1982), King (1969), pp. 403–410.

Weisbrot (2002).

Handford (1999), p. 519.

Weisbrot (2005), p. 38.

Law Commission of India, Government of India, Early Beginnings http://www.lawcommissionofindia.

Law Commission Act 1969 (Sri Lanka).

Constitutional and Law Reform Commission Act 2004 (Papua New Guinea); Law Reform Commission Act (Fiji) ch 26; Law Commission Act (Vanuatu) ch 115; Law Reform Commission Act 1994 (Solomon Islands); Law Commission Act 2007 (Tonga); Law Reform Commission Act 2008 (Samoa).

Kirby (1983), p. 51.

Sayers (2009), p. 70.

Lindsey (2007).

Atkinson (2005), p. 160; Davis (2005), p. 148.

Partington (2005), p. 134.

Sackville (2005), p. 274.

Glenfield (2005), p. 288.

Payne (2005), p. 302.

Mason (2005), p. 314.

Kirby (2005), p. 433.

Powles (2005), pp. 404–421.

Ibid, 414.

Slade (2004).

Lindsey (2007).

Goodpaster (2007), p. 134.

Dick (2007), p. 42.

Neilson (2007), p. 313.

Lindsey, above n 26.

Watson (1974).

Dale (1993), p. 80.

Legal transplantation has its origins in Montesquieu C The Spirit of Laws [Thomas Nugent trans] Available online http://www.thefederalistpapers.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/The-Spirit-of-The-Laws.pdf; Teubner (1998), p. 12; Lindsey, above n 26.

Grajzl and Dimitrova-Grajzl (2009), p. 615.

Ojwang (1986), p. 115.

Lindsey, above n 26, 3–41.

Ojwang, above n 35, 99–123.

Watson, above n 31.

Watson (1976), p. 79; Berkowitz et al. (2003), p. 168.

Grajzl and Grajzl, above n 34.

For example, the Constitution of Samoa (Samoa) art 111; Constitution of Solomon Islands (Solomon Islands) sch 2.

Constitution of Samoa 1962 (Samoa) art 103; Constitution of Vanuatu (Vanuatu) arts 51, 52.

Cotterell (2001), p. 79.

Watson, above n 39, 83.

Nelken (2001), p. 47.

Ibid.

Lamour (2005).

Ibid 189.

Black (2011), p. 184.

Salman (2006) p. 13. Codification has received many definitions and has been fully studied in many areas such as in the United States, France, England and African states.

Field (1866), Onuoha (2008).

Narebo (1991), p. 55. For the benefits of codification in certain American states, see Miller (1886), pp. 315–322.

Danino (2005), p. 5.

For example, on the experiences of some African states, see Fenrich et al. (2001). The difficulties of the application of the Natal Code of Native Law in 1878 (Welsh 1971) are further discussed in McClendon (1996).

Bennett and Vermeulen (1980).

Ali (1994).

Danino (2005).

Australian Law Reform Commission, Recognition of Aboriginal Customary Laws, Report 31 (1986) 122.

Webber (2009), p. 624.

Bennett and Vermuelen, above n 55, 216.

Ali, above n 56.

Ibid.

Powles, above n 23, 410.

Bennett and Vermuelen, above n 55, 209.

Danino, above n 57.

Allot and Cotran (1971), p. 18.

Salman (2006), p. 15.

Vanderlinden, 3 Journal of African Customary Law 165, 168.

Twining (1963), p. 221.

Epiphany (1991), p. 289.

Ali, above n 56, 359.

Roberts (1971), pp. 12–21. Roberts argues that one of the problems in recording the customary laws of Africa was the method employed. He opposes interviews as an interview respondent’s opinion cannot reflect a true account of customary laws. He proposes 3 methods of investigation consisting of interviews, investigating related court decisions and observations.

Ali, above n 56, noted that Kenya’s lengthy attempts to ascertain and restate the customary law of various tribes in Kenya produced more uncertainties than anticipated.

Oyebanji (1991), p. 270.

Vanderlinden, above n 68.

Morse and Woodman (1988), p. 13.

Australian Law Reform Commission, Recognition of Aboriginal Customary Laws, ALRC Report 31 (1986) 122.

Electoral Amendment Act 2009 No 21 (Samoa) s 5.

Constitution of Papua New Guinea (Papua New Guinea) sch 2.1; Constitution of Solomon Islands (Solomon Islands) sch 3(2); Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu (Vanuatu) s 95(3), Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia (Federated States of Micronesia) art V.1.

Village Fono Act 1990 (Samoa) s 8.

Australian Law Reform Commission, above n 77.

For example, the Constitution of Papua New Guinea (Papua New Guinea) sch 2.1; Constitution of Solomon Islands (Solomon Islands) sch 3(2); Constitution of the Independent State of Samoa (Samoa) art 111; Underlying Law Act 2000 (Papua New Guinea); Customs Recognition Act (Papua New Guinea) ch 19; Customs Recognition Act 2000 (Solomon Islands). There is useful literature that discusses the difficulties in implementing some of these legislation for example, see Care and Zorn (2001), p. 49.

Conte (2005), Boister (2005).

MacFarlane and Lakshman (2005).

Slade, above n 25, 74.

Sayers, above n 14.

MacFarlane and Lakshman, above n 84.

Six law reform institutions established under legislation in the Pacific Islands, see above, n 12.

Appendix C Section 2 presents a summary of the statutory functions of the law reform commissions of the Pacific Islands.

Leung-Wai (2008).

Kabui and Guthleben (2008).

Ishmael (2008).

Narokobi (1986), p. 227.

Corrin (2006), p. 185.

For example, see Weisbrot (1988), pp. 1–5.

Care (2005).

Slade, above n 25.

Nand (2008).

Powles, above n 23, 414.

100

Corrin (2008), p. 305.

101

Sharafi (2008), p. 139.

102

Galanter (1981), p. 36.

103

Griffiths (1986).

104

Baxi (1986), 51–61.

105

Santos (2002), pp. 85–98.

106

Tamanaha (2008), p. 378.

107

Merry (1988), pp. 869–896.

108

Chiba (1986).

109

Moore (1973), p. 720.

110

Tamanaha (2008), p. 390.

111

Merry, above n 107, 874; Chiba, 1986; and others discussed in this review. For contributions on legal pluralism in family law see for example Wardle (1998), pp. 381–396.

112

Moore, above n 109, 719; Santos, above n 105, 85–98.

113

Baxi, above n 104; Griffiths, above n 103; Galanter, above n 102.

114

Sack (1986).

115

Tamanaha, above n 110.

116

Sack, above n 114, 1.

117

Merry, above n 107.

118

Michaels (2009).

119

Santos, above n 105, 92. In chapter 5 of this text, Santos provides a useful overview of postmodern pluralism.

120

Griffiths (2002), pp. 289, 298.

121

Michaels, above n 118, 243–262.

122

Ibid.

123

Wardle, above n 111, 381–396.

124

Griffiths, above n 120.

125

Narokobi (1989), Corrin (2001), pp. 277–305.

126

Weisbrot (1984), pp. 51–59; Care (2006), pp. 27–60.

127

Weisbrot (1981), pp. 717–731; Corrin (2008), pp. 305–333.

128

The International Council on Human Rights (2009).

129

New Zealand Law Commission (2006).

130

Techera (2009).

131

Ntumy (1995), p. 17.

132

Farran (2009), 181–195.

133

Weisbrot, above n 95; Narokobi, above n 93, 227; Efi (2009), pp. 153–172.

134

New Zealand Law Commission, above n 129, 242.

135

Vaai (1999), p. 265.

136

Lunabek (2008).

137

Narokobi, above 93, 226.

138

Vaai (1997), pp. 225, 242.

139

Hassall and Saunders (2013), p. 186.

140

Ntumy, above n 131, 16.

141

Corrin and Paterson (2011), p. 9.

142

Efi, above n 133, 17.

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Titel: Law Reform and Legal Pluralism Developments
verfasst von: Teleiai Lalotoa Mulitalo Ropinisone Silipa Seumanutafa
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Law Reform in Plural Societies
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-65523-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-65524-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65524-6_2

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