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2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

9. LEEM, SPLEEM and SPELEEM

verfasst von : Ernst Bauer

Erschienen in: Springer Handbook of Microscopy

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter discusses some of the most important imaging methods with low-energy electrons, including: low-energy electron microscopy (), its extension to spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy (), and its combination with spectroscopic photoemission and low-energy electron microscopy (). Other imaging methods mentioned only briefly in the chapter include ultraviolet photoemission electron microscopy (), mirror electron microscopy (), low-electron energy loss microscopy (), and Auger electron emission microscopy (). The instruments used in these imaging methods allow imaging not only in real space but also in reciprocal space, such as low-energy electron diffraction () and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES in SPELEEM). The combination of these methods with complementary high-lateral-resolution methods renders imaging with low-energy electrons a comprehensive surface analysis tool.

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Zurück zum Zitat J.B. Hannon, H. Hibino, N.C. Bartelt, B.S. Swartzentruber, T. Ogino, G.L. Kellogg: Dynamics of the silicon (111) surface phase transition, Nature 405, 552–554 (2000) J.B. Hannon, H. Hibino, N.C. Bartelt, B.S. Swartzentruber, T. Ogino, G.L. Kellogg: Dynamics of the silicon (111) surface phase transition, Nature 405, 552–554 (2000)
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Zurück zum Zitat E.D. Williams, R.J. Phaneuf, N.C. Bartelt, W. Święch, E. Bauer: The role of surface stress in the facetting of stepped Si(111) surfaces, MRS Proceedings 238, 219–227 (1991) E.D. Williams, R.J. Phaneuf, N.C. Bartelt, W. Święch, E. Bauer: The role of surface stress in the facetting of stepped Si(111) surfaces, MRS Proceedings 238, 219–227 (1991)
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Zurück zum Zitat K. Wurm, R. Kliese, Y. Hong, B. Röttger, Y. Wei, H. Neddermeyer, I.S.T. Tsong: Evolution of surface morphology of Si(100)-(\(2\times 1\)) during oxygen adsorption at elevated temperatures, Phys. Rev. B 50, 1567–1574 (1994) K. Wurm, R. Kliese, Y. Hong, B. Röttger, Y. Wei, H. Neddermeyer, I.S.T. Tsong: Evolution of surface morphology of Si(100)-(\(2\times 1\)) during oxygen adsorption at elevated temperatures, Phys. Rev. B 50, 1567–1574 (1994)
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Zurück zum Zitat D.E. Jones, J.P. Pelz, Y. Hong, E. Bauer, I.S.T. Tsong: Striped phase and temperature dependent step shape transition on highly B-doped Si(001)-(\(2\times 1\)) surfaces, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 330–333 (1996) D.E. Jones, J.P. Pelz, Y. Hong, E. Bauer, I.S.T. Tsong: Striped phase and temperature dependent step shape transition on highly B-doped Si(001)-(\(2\times 1\)) surfaces, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 330–333 (1996)
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Zurück zum Zitat J.B. Hannon, N.C. Bartelt, B.S. Swartzentruber, J.C. Hamilton, G.L. Kellogg: Step faceting at the (001) surface of boron doped silicon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4226–4229 (1997) J.B. Hannon, N.C. Bartelt, B.S. Swartzentruber, J.C. Hamilton, G.L. Kellogg: Step faceting at the (001) surface of boron doped silicon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4226–4229 (1997)
Zurück zum Zitat J.B. Hannon, B.S. Swartzentruber, G.L. Kellogg, N.C. Bartelt: LEEM measurments of step energies at the (001) surface of heavily boron-doped silicon, Surf. Rev. Lett. 5, 1159–1165 (1998) J.B. Hannon, B.S. Swartzentruber, G.L. Kellogg, N.C. Bartelt: LEEM measurments of step energies at the (001) surface of heavily boron-doped silicon, Surf. Rev. Lett. 5, 1159–1165 (1998)
Zurück zum Zitat J.-F. Nielsen, J.P. Pelz, H. Hibino, C.-W. Hu, I.S.T. Tsong, J. Kouvetakis: Controlled striped phase formation on ultraflat Si(001) surfaces during diborane exposure, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 3857–3859 (2001) J.-F. Nielsen, J.P. Pelz, H. Hibino, C.-W. Hu, I.S.T. Tsong, J. Kouvetakis: Controlled striped phase formation on ultraflat Si(001) surfaces during diborane exposure, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 3857–3859 (2001)
Zurück zum Zitat P. Sutter, M.G. Lagally: Quantitative determination of dislocation-induced strain at the surface of (001) silicon-on-insulator, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1490–1493 (1999) P. Sutter, M.G. Lagally: Quantitative determination of dislocation-induced strain at the surface of (001) silicon-on-insulator, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1490–1493 (1999)
Zurück zum Zitat R.M. Tromp, W. Theis, N.C. Bartelt: Real-time microscopy of two-dimensional critical fluctuations: Disordering of the Si(113)-(\(3\times 1\)) reconstruction, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2522–2525 (1996) R.M. Tromp, W. Theis, N.C. Bartelt: Real-time microscopy of two-dimensional critical fluctuations: Disordering of the Si(113)-(\(3\times 1\)) reconstruction, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2522–2525 (1996)
Zurück zum Zitat W. Swiech, T. Schwarz-Selinger, D.G. Cahill: Phase coexistence and morphology at the Si(110) surface phase transition, Surf. Sci. 519, L599–L603 (2002) W. Swiech, T. Schwarz-Selinger, D.G. Cahill: Phase coexistence and morphology at the Si(110) surface phase transition, Surf. Sci. 519, L599–L603 (2002)
Zurück zum Zitat F. Watanabe, S. Kodambaka, W. Swiech, J.E. Greene, D.G. Cahill: LEEM study of island decay on Si(110), Surf. Sci. 572, 425–432 (2004) F. Watanabe, S. Kodambaka, W. Swiech, J.E. Greene, D.G. Cahill: LEEM study of island decay on Si(110), Surf. Sci. 572, 425–432 (2004)
Zurück zum Zitat E. van Vroonhoven, H.J.W. Zandvliet, B. Poelsema: \((2\times 1)-(1\times 1)\) phase transition on Ge(001): Dimer breakup and surface roughening, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 116102 (2003) E. van Vroonhoven, H.J.W. Zandvliet, B. Poelsema: \((2\times 1)-(1\times 1)\) phase transition on Ge(001): Dimer breakup and surface roughening, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 116102 (2003)
Zurück zum Zitat R.M. Tromp, M.C. Reuter: Local dimer exchange in surfactant-mediated epitaxial growth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 954–957 (1992) R.M. Tromp, M.C. Reuter: Local dimer exchange in surfactant-mediated epitaxial growth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 954–957 (1992)
Zurück zum Zitat P. Sutter, E. Mateeva, M.G. Lagally: Si growth on partially relaxed Ge islands, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 16, 1560–1563 (1998) P. Sutter, E. Mateeva, M.G. Lagally: Si growth on partially relaxed Ge islands, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 16, 1560–1563 (1998)
Zurück zum Zitat P. Sutter, M.G. Lagally: Embedding of nanoscale 3-D SiGe islands in a Si matrix, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3471–3474 (1998) P. Sutter, M.G. Lagally: Embedding of nanoscale 3-D SiGe islands in a Si matrix, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3471–3474 (1998)
Zurück zum Zitat P. Sutter, E. Mateeva, J.S. Sullivan, M.G. Lagally: Low-energy electron microscopy of nanoscale three-dimensional SiGe islands on Si(100), Thin Solid Films 336, 262–270 (1998) P. Sutter, E. Mateeva, J.S. Sullivan, M.G. Lagally: Low-energy electron microscopy of nanoscale three-dimensional SiGe islands on Si(100), Thin Solid Films 336, 262–270 (1998)
Zurück zum Zitat F.M. Ross, R.M. Tromp, M.C. Reuter: Transition states between pyramids and domes during Ge/Si island growth, Science 286, 1931–1934 (1999) F.M. Ross, R.M. Tromp, M.C. Reuter: Transition states between pyramids and domes during Ge/Si island growth, Science 286, 1931–1934 (1999)
Zurück zum Zitat P. Sutter, M.G. Lagally: Nucleationless three-dimensional island formation in low-misfit heteroepitaxy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4637–4640 (2000) P. Sutter, M.G. Lagally: Nucleationless three-dimensional island formation in low-misfit heteroepitaxy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4637–4640 (2000)
Zurück zum Zitat R.M. Tromp, F.M. Ross, M.C. Reuter: Instability-driven SiGe island growth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4641–4644 (2000) R.M. Tromp, F.M. Ross, M.C. Reuter: Instability-driven SiGe island growth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4641–4644 (2000)
Zurück zum Zitat J.B. Maxson, D.E. Savage, F. Liu, R.M. Tromp, M.C. Reuter, M.G. Lagally: Thermal roughening of a thin film: A new type of roughening transition, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2152–2155 (2000) J.B. Maxson, D.E. Savage, F. Liu, R.M. Tromp, M.C. Reuter, M.G. Lagally: Thermal roughening of a thin film: A new type of roughening transition, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2152–2155 (2000)
Zurück zum Zitat P. Sutter, M.G. Lagally: Nucleationless island formation in SiGe/Si(100) heteroepitaxy, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 89, 45–48 (2002) P. Sutter, M.G. Lagally: Nucleationless island formation in SiGe/Si(100) heteroepitaxy, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 89, 45–48 (2002)
Zurück zum Zitat J.B. Hannon, M. Copel, R. Stumpf, M.C. Reuter, R.M. Tromp: Critical role of surface steps in the alloying of Ge on Si(001), Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 216104 (2004) J.B. Hannon, M. Copel, R. Stumpf, M.C. Reuter, R.M. Tromp: Critical role of surface steps in the alloying of Ge on Si(001), Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 216104 (2004)
Zurück zum Zitat R.M. Tromp, F.M. Ross: Advances in in situ ultra-high vacuum electron microscopy: Growth of SiGe on Si, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 30, 431–449 (2000) R.M. Tromp, F.M. Ross: Advances in in situ ultra-high vacuum electron microscopy: Growth of SiGe on Si, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 30, 431–449 (2000)
Zurück zum Zitat A.W. Dernier van der Gon, R.M. Tromp, M.C. Reuter: Low energy electron microscopy studies of Ge and Ag growth on Si(111), Thin Solid Films 236, 140–145 (1993) A.W. Dernier van der Gon, R.M. Tromp, M.C. Reuter: Low energy electron microscopy studies of Ge and Ag growth on Si(111), Thin Solid Films 236, 140–145 (1993)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Yasue, T. Koshikawa, E. Bauer: LEEM and LEED study of the growth of Ge on the Si(113) surface, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 20, 2496–2499 (2002) T. Yasue, T. Koshikawa, E. Bauer: LEEM and LEED study of the growth of Ge on the Si(113) surface, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 20, 2496–2499 (2002)
Zurück zum Zitat J. Falta, M.C. Reuter, R.M. Tromp: Growth modes of Ge on GaAs(001), Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1680–1682 (1994) J. Falta, M.C. Reuter, R.M. Tromp: Growth modes of Ge on GaAs(001), Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1680–1682 (1994)
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Zurück zum Zitat M. Horn-von Hoegen, F.-J. Meyer zu Heringdorf, D. Kaehler, T. Schmidt, E. Bauer: Adsorption induced giant faceting of vicinal Si(100), Thin Solid Films 336, 16–21 (1998) M. Horn-von Hoegen, F.-J. Meyer zu Heringdorf, D. Kaehler, T. Schmidt, E. Bauer: Adsorption induced giant faceting of vicinal Si(100), Thin Solid Films 336, 16–21 (1998)
Zurück zum Zitat F.-J. Meyer zu Heringdorf, D. Kähler, T. Schmidt, E. Bauer, M. Copel, H. Minoda, M. Horn-von Hoegen: Giant faceting of vicinal Si(001) induced by Au adsorption, Surf. Rev. Lett. 5, 1167–1178 (1998) F.-J. Meyer zu Heringdorf, D. Kähler, T. Schmidt, E. Bauer, M. Copel, H. Minoda, M. Horn-von Hoegen: Giant faceting of vicinal Si(001) induced by Au adsorption, Surf. Rev. Lett. 5, 1167–1178 (1998)
Zurück zum Zitat M. Horn-von Hoegen, F.-J. Meyer zu Hennigdorf, R. Hild, P. Zahl, T. Schmidt, E. Bauer: Au-induced giant faceting of vicinal Si(100), Surf. Sci. 433-435, 475–480 (1999) M. Horn-von Hoegen, F.-J. Meyer zu Hennigdorf, R. Hild, P. Zahl, T. Schmidt, E. Bauer: Au-induced giant faceting of vicinal Si(100), Surf. Sci. 433-435, 475–480 (1999)
Zurück zum Zitat F.-J. Meyer zu Heringdorf, R. Hild, P. Zahl, T. Schmidt, B. Ressel, S. Heun, E. Bauer, M. Horn-von Hoegen: Local Au coverage as driving force for Au induced faceting of vicinal Si(001): A LEEM and XPEEM study, Surf. Sci. 480, 103–108 (2001) F.-J. Meyer zu Heringdorf, R. Hild, P. Zahl, T. Schmidt, B. Ressel, S. Heun, E. Bauer, M. Horn-von Hoegen: Local Au coverage as driving force for Au induced faceting of vicinal Si(001): A LEEM and XPEEM study, Surf. Sci. 480, 103–108 (2001)
Zurück zum Zitat A.W. Dernier van der Gon, R.M. Tromp: Phase formation sequence and domain structure: A low-energy-electron-microscopy study of the Si(111)-(\(\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3}\)) Ag surface, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3519–3522 (1992) A.W. Dernier van der Gon, R.M. Tromp: Phase formation sequence and domain structure: A low-energy-electron-microscopy study of the Si(111)-(\(\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3}\)) Ag surface, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3519–3522 (1992)
Zurück zum Zitat J. Tersoff, A.W. Dernier van der Gon, R.M. Tromp: Shape oscillations in growth of small crystals, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1143–1146 (1993) J. Tersoff, A.W. Dernier van der Gon, R.M. Tromp: Shape oscillations in growth of small crystals, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1143–1146 (1993)
Zurück zum Zitat R.M. Tromp, A.W. Denier van der Gon, F.K. LeGoues, M.C. Reuter: Observation of buried interfaces with low energy electron microscopy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3299–3302 (1993) R.M. Tromp, A.W. Denier van der Gon, F.K. LeGoues, M.C. Reuter: Observation of buried interfaces with low energy electron microscopy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3299–3302 (1993)
Zurück zum Zitat W.X. Tang, K.L. Man, H. Huang, C.H. Woo, M.S. Altman: Growth shapes of Ag crystallites on the Si(111) surface, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 20, 2492–2495 (2002) W.X. Tang, K.L. Man, H. Huang, C.H. Woo, M.S. Altman: Growth shapes of Ag crystallites on the Si(111) surface, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 20, 2492–2495 (2002)
Zurück zum Zitat J. Tersoff, R.M. Tromp: Shape transition in growth of strained islands: Spontaneous formation of quantum wires, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2782–2785 (1993) J. Tersoff, R.M. Tromp: Shape transition in growth of strained islands: Spontaneous formation of quantum wires, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2782–2785 (1993)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Michely, M.C. Reuter, M. Copel, R.M. Tromp: Symmetry, structure, and step induced ordering of the Si(001)-(\(2\times 3\))Ag surface, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2095–2098 (1994) T. Michely, M.C. Reuter, M. Copel, R.M. Tromp: Symmetry, structure, and step induced ordering of the Si(001)-(\(2\times 3\))Ag surface, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2095–2098 (1994)
Zurück zum Zitat R.M. Tromp, T. Michely: Atomic-layer titration of surface reactions, Nature 373, 499–501 (1995) R.M. Tromp, T. Michely: Atomic-layer titration of surface reactions, Nature 373, 499–501 (1995)
Zurück zum Zitat B.Q. Li, W. Swiech, J.A. Venables, J.M. Zuo: A LEEM study of bamboo-like growth of Ag crystals on Si(001) surfaces, Surf. Sci. 569, 142–148 (2004) B.Q. Li, W. Swiech, J.A. Venables, J.M. Zuo: A LEEM study of bamboo-like growth of Ag crystals on Si(001) surfaces, Surf. Sci. 569, 142–148 (2004)
Zurück zum Zitat K.R. Roos, K.L. Roos, M. Horn-von Hoegen, F.-J. Meyer zu Heringdorf: High temperature self-assembly of Ag nanowires on vicinal Si(001), J. Phys. Condens. Matter 17, S1407–S1414 (2005) K.R. Roos, K.L. Roos, M. Horn-von Hoegen, F.-J. Meyer zu Heringdorf: High temperature self-assembly of Ag nanowires on vicinal Si(001), J. Phys. Condens. Matter 17, S1407–S1414 (2005)
Zurück zum Zitat M. Mundschau, E. Bauer, W. Telieps, W. Święch: Initial epitaxial growth of copper silicide on Si(111) studied by low energy electron microscopy and photoemission electron microscopy, J. Appl. Phys. 65, 4747–4752 (1989) M. Mundschau, E. Bauer, W. Telieps, W. Święch: Initial epitaxial growth of copper silicide on Si(111) studied by low energy electron microscopy and photoemission electron microscopy, J. Appl. Phys. 65, 4747–4752 (1989)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Yasue, T. Koshikawa, M. Jalochowski, E. Bauer: Dynamic LEEM observation of Cu nanostructure formation processes on Si(111) with hydrogen, Surf. Rev. Lett. 7, 595–599 (2000) T. Yasue, T. Koshikawa, M. Jalochowski, E. Bauer: Dynamic LEEM observation of Cu nanostructure formation processes on Si(111) with hydrogen, Surf. Rev. Lett. 7, 595–599 (2000)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Yasue, T. Koshikawa, M. Jalochowski, E. Bauer: Dynamic observations of the formation of thin Cu layers on clean and hydrogen-terminated Si(111) surfaces, Surf. Sci. 480, 118–127 (2001) T. Yasue, T. Koshikawa, M. Jalochowski, E. Bauer: Dynamic observations of the formation of thin Cu layers on clean and hydrogen-terminated Si(111) surfaces, Surf. Sci. 480, 118–127 (2001)
Zurück zum Zitat N. Kuroiwa, Y. Fukushima, P. Rajasekar, H. Neddermeyer, M. Jalochowski, E. Bauer, T. Yasue, T. Koshikawa: Copper nanostructure formation and structure analysis on hydrogen-terminated Si(111) surface, Surf. Interface Anal. 35, 24–28 (2003) N. Kuroiwa, Y. Fukushima, P. Rajasekar, H. Neddermeyer, M. Jalochowski, E. Bauer, T. Yasue, T. Koshikawa: Copper nanostructure formation and structure analysis on hydrogen-terminated Si(111) surface, Surf. Interface Anal. 35, 24–28 (2003)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Michely, M.C. Reuter, R.M. Tromp: Al on Si(111): Phase diagram and atomic mechanisms, Phys. Rev. B 53, 4105–4108 (1996) T. Michely, M.C. Reuter, R.M. Tromp: Al on Si(111): Phase diagram and atomic mechanisms, Phys. Rev. B 53, 4105–4108 (1996)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Schmidt, E. Bauer: Interfactant-mediated quasi-Frank-van der Merwe growth of Pb on Si(111), Phys. Rev. B 62, 15815–15825 (2000) T. Schmidt, E. Bauer: Interfactant-mediated quasi-Frank-van der Merwe growth of Pb on Si(111), Phys. Rev. B 62, 15815–15825 (2000)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Schmidt, B. Ressel, S. Heun, K.C. Prince, E. Bauer: Growth of thin metal films studied by spectromicroscopy. In: Proc. 6th Int. Conf. X-ray Microsc., ed. by W. Meyer-Ilse, T. Altwood (AIP Melville, New York 2000) pp. 27–32 T. Schmidt, B. Ressel, S. Heun, K.C. Prince, E. Bauer: Growth of thin metal films studied by spectromicroscopy. In: Proc. 6th Int. Conf. X-ray Microsc., ed. by W. Meyer-Ilse, T. Altwood (AIP Melville, New York 2000) pp. 27–32
Zurück zum Zitat T. Schmidt, E. Bauer: Influence of interfactants on thin metal film growth, Surf. Sci. 480, 137–144 (2001) T. Schmidt, E. Bauer: Influence of interfactants on thin metal film growth, Surf. Sci. 480, 137–144 (2001)
Zurück zum Zitat L. Li, C. Koziol, K. Wurm, Y. Hong, E. Bauer, I.S.T. Tsong: Surface morphology of Pb overlayers grown on Si(100)-(\(2\times 1\)), Phys. Rev. B 50, 10834–10842 (1994) L. Li, C. Koziol, K. Wurm, Y. Hong, E. Bauer, I.S.T. Tsong: Surface morphology of Pb overlayers grown on Si(100)-(\(2\times 1\)), Phys. Rev. B 50, 10834–10842 (1994)
Zurück zum Zitat M. Jalochowski, E. Bauer: Self-assembled parallel mesoscopic Pb-wires on Au-modified Si(533) substrates, Prog. Surf. Sci. 67, 79–97 (2001) M. Jalochowski, E. Bauer: Self-assembled parallel mesoscopic Pb-wires on Au-modified Si(533) substrates, Prog. Surf. Sci. 67, 79–97 (2001)
Zurück zum Zitat M. Jalochowski, E. Bauer: Growth of metallic nanowires on anisotropic Si substrates: Pb on vicinal Si(001), Si(755), Si(533) and Si(110), Surf. Sci. 480, 109–117 (2001) M. Jalochowski, E. Bauer: Growth of metallic nanowires on anisotropic Si substrates: Pb on vicinal Si(001), Si(755), Si(533) and Si(110), Surf. Sci. 480, 109–117 (2001)
Zurück zum Zitat A. Pavlovska, E. Bauer, M. Giesen: Low energy electron microscopy study of in on Si(111), J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 20, 2478–2491 (2002) A. Pavlovska, E. Bauer, M. Giesen: Low energy electron microscopy study of in on Si(111), J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 20, 2478–2491 (2002)
Zurück zum Zitat A. Pavlovska, E. Bauer: Surface reconstructions in two and three dimensions: In on Si(111), Surf. Interface Anal. 37, 110–114 (2005) A. Pavlovska, E. Bauer: Surface reconstructions in two and three dimensions: In on Si(111), Surf. Interface Anal. 37, 110–114 (2005)
Zurück zum Zitat H.A. McKay, R.M. Feenstra: Low energy electron microscopy of indium on Si(001) surfaces, Surf. Sci. 547, 127–138 (2003) H.A. McKay, R.M. Feenstra: Low energy electron microscopy of indium on Si(001) surfaces, Surf. Sci. 547, 127–138 (2003)
Zurück zum Zitat E. Bauer: Epitaxial growth studies by low energy electron microscopy, Scanning Microsc. 8(4), 765–772 (1994) E. Bauer: Epitaxial growth studies by low energy electron microscopy, Scanning Microsc. 8(4), 765–772 (1994)
Zurück zum Zitat R.J. Phaneuf, Y. Hong, S. Horch, P.A. Bennett: Two dimensional phase separation for Co adsorbed on Si(111), Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4605–4608 (1997) R.J. Phaneuf, Y. Hong, S. Horch, P.A. Bennett: Two dimensional phase separation for Co adsorbed on Si(111), Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4605–4608 (1997)
Zurück zum Zitat R.J. Phaneuf, Y. Hong, S. Horch, P.A. Bennett: Observations of reversible and irreversible structural transitions of cobalt on Si(111) with LEEM, Micron 30, 13–20 (1999) R.J. Phaneuf, Y. Hong, S. Horch, P.A. Bennett: Observations of reversible and irreversible structural transitions of cobalt on Si(111) with LEEM, Micron 30, 13–20 (1999)
Zurück zum Zitat R.J. Phaneuf, P.A. Bennett, M. Marsi, S. Gunther, L. Gregoratti, L. Casalis, M. Kiskinova: Equilibration of ring-cluster surface phases and silicide islands for Co adsorbed on Si(111), Surf. Sci. 431, 232–241 (1999) R.J. Phaneuf, P.A. Bennett, M. Marsi, S. Gunther, L. Gregoratti, L. Casalis, M. Kiskinova: Equilibration of ring-cluster surface phases and silicide islands for Co adsorbed on Si(111), Surf. Sci. 431, 232–241 (1999)
Zurück zum Zitat P.A. Bennett, M.Y. Lee, S.A. Parikh, K. Wurm, R.J. Phaneuf: Surface phase transformations in the Ni/Si(111) system observed in real time using low-energy electron microscopy, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13, 1728–1732 (1995) P.A. Bennett, M.Y. Lee, S.A. Parikh, K. Wurm, R.J. Phaneuf: Surface phase transformations in the Ni/Si(111) system observed in real time using low-energy electron microscopy, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13, 1728–1732 (1995)
Zurück zum Zitat P.A. Bennett, B. Ashcroft, Z. He, R.M. Tromp: Growth dynamics of titanium silicide nanowires observed with low-energy electron microscopy, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 20, 2500–2504 (2002) P.A. Bennett, B. Ashcroft, Z. He, R.M. Tromp: Growth dynamics of titanium silicide nanowires observed with low-energy electron microscopy, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 20, 2500–2504 (2002)
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Zurück zum Zitat J.B. Maxson, N. Perkins, D.E. Savage, A.R. Woll, L. Zhang, T.F. Kuech, M.G. Lagally: Novel dark-field imaging of GaN{0001} surfaces with low-energy electron microscopy, Surf. Sci. 464, 217–222 (2000) J.B. Maxson, N. Perkins, D.E. Savage, A.R. Woll, L. Zhang, T.F. Kuech, M.G. Lagally: Novel dark-field imaging of GaN{0001} surfaces with low-energy electron microscopy, Surf. Sci. 464, 217–222 (2000)
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Zurück zum Zitat W. Święch, M. Mundschau, C.P. Flynn: Characterization of single crystal films of molybdenum (011) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire (\(11\bar{2}0\)) and studied by low-energy electron microscopy, Surf. Sci. 437, 61–74 (1999) W. Święch, M. Mundschau, C.P. Flynn: Characterization of single crystal films of molybdenum (011) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire (\(11\bar{2}0\)) and studied by low-energy electron microscopy, Surf. Sci. 437, 61–74 (1999)
Zurück zum Zitat M. Mundschau, W. Święch, C.S. Durfee, C.P. Flynn: Slip propagation in epitaxial Mo (011) studied by low-energy electron microscopy, Surf. Sci. 440, L831–L834 (1999) M. Mundschau, W. Święch, C.S. Durfee, C.P. Flynn: Slip propagation in epitaxial Mo (011) studied by low-energy electron microscopy, Surf. Sci. 440, L831–L834 (1999)
Zurück zum Zitat M. Ondrejcek, W. Swiech, G. Yang, C.P. Flynn: Low energy electron microscopy studies of steps on single crystal thin films of refractory metals, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 20, 2473–2477 (2002) M. Ondrejcek, W. Swiech, G. Yang, C.P. Flynn: Low energy electron microscopy studies of steps on single crystal thin films of refractory metals, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 20, 2473–2477 (2002)
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Zurück zum Zitat M. Ondrejcek, W. Swiech, G. Yang, C.P. Flynn: Crossover from bulk to surface diffusion in the fluctuations of step edges on Pt(111), Philos. Mag. Lett. 84, 69–77 (2004) M. Ondrejcek, W. Swiech, G. Yang, C.P. Flynn: Crossover from bulk to surface diffusion in the fluctuations of step edges on Pt(111), Philos. Mag. Lett. 84, 69–77 (2004)
Zurück zum Zitat B. Poelsema, J.B. Hannon, N.C. Bartelt, G.L. Kellogg: Bulk-surface vacancy exchange on Pt(111), Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2551–2553 (2004) B. Poelsema, J.B. Hannon, N.C. Bartelt, G.L. Kellogg: Bulk-surface vacancy exchange on Pt(111), Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2551–2553 (2004)
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Zurück zum Zitat E.Z. Luo, Q. Cai, W.F. Chung, B.G. Orr, M.S. Altman: Competing desorption pathways during epitaxial growth: LEEM investigation of Cu/W(110) heteroepitaxy, Phys. Rev. B 54, 14673 (1996) E.Z. Luo, Q. Cai, W.F. Chung, B.G. Orr, M.S. Altman: Competing desorption pathways during epitaxial growth: LEEM investigation of Cu/W(110) heteroepitaxy, Phys. Rev. B 54, 14673 (1996)
Zurück zum Zitat I.K.H. Man, M.S. Altman: Low-energy electron microscopy of layer spacings and quantum electronic structure of ultrathin films, Surf. Interface Anal. 37, 235–238 (2005) I.K.H. Man, M.S. Altman: Low-energy electron microscopy of layer spacings and quantum electronic structure of ultrathin films, Surf. Interface Anal. 37, 235–238 (2005)
Zurück zum Zitat L. Aballe, A. Barinov, A. Locatelli, S. Heun, S. Cherifi, M. Kiskinova: Spectromicroscopy of ultrathin Pd films on W(110): Interplay of morphology and electronic structure, Appl. Surf. Sci. 238, 138–142 (2004) L. Aballe, A. Barinov, A. Locatelli, S. Heun, S. Cherifi, M. Kiskinova: Spectromicroscopy of ultrathin Pd films on W(110): Interplay of morphology and electronic structure, Appl. Surf. Sci. 238, 138–142 (2004)
Zurück zum Zitat W.L. Ling, T. Giessel, K. Thürmer, R.Q. Hwang, N.C. Bartelt, K.F. McCarty: Crucial role of substrate steps in de-wetting of crystalline thin films, Surf. Sci. 570, L297–L303 (2004) W.L. Ling, T. Giessel, K. Thürmer, R.Q. Hwang, N.C. Bartelt, K.F. McCarty: Crucial role of substrate steps in de-wetting of crystalline thin films, Surf. Sci. 570, L297–L303 (2004)
Zurück zum Zitat K. Pelhos, J.B. Hannon, G.L. Kellogg, T.E. Madey: LEEM investigation of the faceting of the Pt covered W(111) surface, Surf. Sci. 432, 115–124 (1999) K. Pelhos, J.B. Hannon, G.L. Kellogg, T.E. Madey: LEEM investigation of the faceting of the Pt covered W(111) surface, Surf. Sci. 432, 115–124 (1999)
Zurück zum Zitat K. Pelhos, J.B. Hannon, G.L. Kellogg, T.E. Madey: Nucleation and growth of the platinum-covered W(111) surface, Surf. Rev. Lett. 6, 767–774 (1999) K. Pelhos, J.B. Hannon, G.L. Kellogg, T.E. Madey: Nucleation and growth of the platinum-covered W(111) surface, Surf. Rev. Lett. 6, 767–774 (1999)
Zurück zum Zitat D. Wu, W.K. Lau, Z.Q. He, Y.J. Feng, M.S. Altman, C.T. Chan: Ordered alloying of Pd with the Mo(100) surface, Phys. Rev. B 62, 8366–8375 (2000) D. Wu, W.K. Lau, Z.Q. He, Y.J. Feng, M.S. Altman, C.T. Chan: Ordered alloying of Pd with the Mo(100) surface, Phys. Rev. B 62, 8366–8375 (2000)
Zurück zum Zitat A.K. Schmid, N.C. Bartelt, R.Q. Hwang: Alloying at surfaces by the migration of reactive two-dimensional islands, Science 290, 1561–1564 (2000) A.K. Schmid, N.C. Bartelt, R.Q. Hwang: Alloying at surfaces by the migration of reactive two-dimensional islands, Science 290, 1561–1564 (2000)
Zurück zum Zitat G.L. Kellogg, R. Plass: The relationship between the growth shape of three-dimensional Pb islands on Cu(100) and the domain orientation of the underlying C($$5\sqrt{2}\times\sqrt{2}$$)R45 structure, Surf. Sci. 465, L777–L782 (2000) G.L. Kellogg, R. Plass: The relationship between the growth shape of three-dimensional Pb islands on Cu(100) and the domain orientation of the underlying C($$5\sqrt{2}\times\sqrt{2}$$)R45 structure, Surf. Sci. 465, L777–L782 (2000)
Zurück zum Zitat R. Plass, G.L. Kellogg: Surface morphology changes during Pb deposition on Cu(100): Evidence for surface alloyed Cu(100)-c(\(2\times 2\)) Pb, Surf. Sci. 470, 106–120 (2000) R. Plass, G.L. Kellogg: Surface morphology changes during Pb deposition on Cu(100): Evidence for surface alloyed Cu(100)-c(\(2\times 2\)) Pb, Surf. Sci. 470, 106–120 (2000)
Zurück zum Zitat G.L. Kellogg, R.A. Plass: Mesoscopic scale observations of surface alloying, surface phase transitions, domain coarsening, and 3-D island growth: Pb on Cu(100), Surf. Rev. Lett. 7, 649–655 (2000) G.L. Kellogg, R.A. Plass: Mesoscopic scale observations of surface alloying, surface phase transitions, domain coarsening, and 3-D island growth: Pb on Cu(100), Surf. Rev. Lett. 7, 649–655 (2000)
Zurück zum Zitat R. Plass, J.A. Last, N.C. Bartelt, G.L. Kellogg: Nanostructures: Self-assembled domain patterns, Nature 412, 875 (2001) R. Plass, J.A. Last, N.C. Bartelt, G.L. Kellogg: Nanostructures: Self-assembled domain patterns, Nature 412, 875 (2001)
Zurück zum Zitat R. Plass, N.C. Bartelt, G.L. Kellogg: Dynamic observations of nanoscale self-assembly on solid surfaces, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 14, 4227–4240 (2002) R. Plass, N.C. Bartelt, G.L. Kellogg: Dynamic observations of nanoscale self-assembly on solid surfaces, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 14, 4227–4240 (2002)
Zurück zum Zitat R. van Gastel, R. Plass, N.C. Bartelt, G.L. Kellogg: Thermal motion and energetics of self-assembled domain structures: Pb on Cu(111), Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 055503 (2003) R. van Gastel, R. Plass, N.C. Bartelt, G.L. Kellogg: Thermal motion and energetics of self-assembled domain structures: Pb on Cu(111), Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 055503 (2003)
Zurück zum Zitat R. van Gastel, N.C. Bartelt, P.J. Feibelman, F. Léonard, G.L. Kellogg: Relationship between domain-boundary free energy and the temperature dependence of stress-domain patterns of Pb on Cu(111), Phys. Rev. B 70, 245413 (2004) R. van Gastel, N.C. Bartelt, P.J. Feibelman, F. Léonard, G.L. Kellogg: Relationship between domain-boundary free energy and the temperature dependence of stress-domain patterns of Pb on Cu(111), Phys. Rev. B 70, 245413 (2004)
Zurück zum Zitat F. Léonard, N.C. Bartelt, G.L. Kellogg: Effects of elastic anisotropy on the periodicity and orientation of striped stress domain patterns at solid surfaces, Phys. Rev. B 71, 045416 (2005) F. Léonard, N.C. Bartelt, G.L. Kellogg: Effects of elastic anisotropy on the periodicity and orientation of striped stress domain patterns at solid surfaces, Phys. Rev. B 71, 045416 (2005)
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Zurück zum Zitat E.Z. Luo, Q. Cai, W.F. Chung, M.S. Altman: Interface effects in melting of Pb clusters on the Cu(111) surface, Appl. Surf. Sci. 92, 331–334 (1996) E.Z. Luo, Q. Cai, W.F. Chung, M.S. Altman: Interface effects in melting of Pb clusters on the Cu(111) surface, Appl. Surf. Sci. 92, 331–334 (1996)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Schmidt, A. Schaak, S.G. Guenther, B. Ressel, E. Bauer, R. Imbihl: In situ imaging of structural changes in a chemical wave with low energy electron microscopy: The system Rh(110)/NO\(+\)H2, Chem. Phys. Lett. 318, 549–554 (2000) T. Schmidt, A. Schaak, S.G. Guenther, B. Ressel, E. Bauer, R. Imbihl: In situ imaging of structural changes in a chemical wave with low energy electron microscopy: The system Rh(110)/NO\(+\)H2, Chem. Phys. Lett. 318, 549–554 (2000)
Zurück zum Zitat M.S. Altman, E. Bauer: The reaction of oxygen with the hot W(001) surface studied by low-energy electron microscopy, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 9, 659–660 (1991) M.S. Altman, E. Bauer: The reaction of oxygen with the hot W(001) surface studied by low-energy electron microscopy, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 9, 659–660 (1991)
Zurück zum Zitat M.S. Altman, E. Bauer: LEEM/LEED investigation of reconstruction and initial oxidation of the W(001), Surf. Sci. 347, 265–279 (1996) M.S. Altman, E. Bauer: LEEM/LEED investigation of reconstruction and initial oxidation of the W(001), Surf. Sci. 347, 265–279 (1996)
Zurück zum Zitat M. Ondrejcek, R.S. Appleton, W. Swiech, V.L. Petrova, C.P. Flynn: Thermally activated stripe reconstruction induced by O on Nb(011), Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 116102 (2001) M. Ondrejcek, R.S. Appleton, W. Swiech, V.L. Petrova, C.P. Flynn: Thermally activated stripe reconstruction induced by O on Nb(011), Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 116102 (2001)
Zurück zum Zitat K.F. McCarty: Imaging the crystallization and growth of oxide domains on the NiAl(110) surface, Surf. Sci. 474, L165–L172 (2001) K.F. McCarty: Imaging the crystallization and growth of oxide domains on the NiAl(110) surface, Surf. Sci. 474, L165–L172 (2001)
Zurück zum Zitat B. Rausenberger, W. Świȩch, W. Engel, A.M. Bradshaw, E. Zeitler: LEEM and selected-area LEED studies of reaction front propagation, Surf. Sci. 287/288, 235–240 (1993) B. Rausenberger, W. Świȩch, W. Engel, A.M. Bradshaw, E. Zeitler: LEEM and selected-area LEED studies of reaction front propagation, Surf. Sci. 287/288, 235–240 (1993)
Zurück zum Zitat B. Rausenberger, W. Swiech, C.S. Rastomjee, M. Mundschau, W. Engel, E. Zeitler, A.M. Bradshaw: Imaging reaction-diffusion fronts with low-energy electron microscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett. 215, 109–113 (1993) B. Rausenberger, W. Swiech, C.S. Rastomjee, M. Mundschau, W. Engel, E. Zeitler, A.M. Bradshaw: Imaging reaction-diffusion fronts with low-energy electron microscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett. 215, 109–113 (1993)
Zurück zum Zitat A.K. Schmid, W. Świȩch, C.S. Rastomjee, B. Rausenberger, W. Engel, E. Zeitler, A.M. Bradshaw: The chemistry of reaction-diffusion fronts investigated by microscopic LEED I–V fingerprinting, Surf. Sci. 331–333, 225–230 (1995) A.K. Schmid, W. Świȩch, C.S. Rastomjee, B. Rausenberger, W. Engel, E. Zeitler, A.M. Bradshaw: The chemistry of reaction-diffusion fronts investigated by microscopic LEED I–V fingerprinting, Surf. Sci. 331–333, 225–230 (1995)
Zurück zum Zitat B. Rausenberger, W. Swiech, A.K. Schmid, C.S. Rastomjee, W. Engel, A.M. Bradshaw: Investigation of the NO+H2 reaction on Pt(100) with low-energy electron microscopy, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 94, 963–970 (1998) B. Rausenberger, W. Swiech, A.K. Schmid, C.S. Rastomjee, W. Engel, A.M. Bradshaw: Investigation of the NO+H2 reaction on Pt(100) with low-energy electron microscopy, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 94, 963–970 (1998)
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Zurück zum Zitat H. Wei, G. Lilienkamp, R. Imbihl: Surface topographical changes and chemical wave patterns in catalytic CO oxidation on Pt(110), Chem. Phys. Lett. 389, 284–288 (2004) H. Wei, G. Lilienkamp, R. Imbihl: Surface topographical changes and chemical wave patterns in catalytic CO oxidation on Pt(110), Chem. Phys. Lett. 389, 284–288 (2004)
Zurück zum Zitat H. Marbach, G. Lilienkamp, H. Wei, S. Günther, Y. Suchorski, R. Imbihl: Ordered phases in alkali redistribution during a catalytic surface reaction, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 5, 2730–2735 (2003) H. Marbach, G. Lilienkamp, H. Wei, S. Günther, Y. Suchorski, R. Imbihl: Ordered phases in alkali redistribution during a catalytic surface reaction, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 5, 2730–2735 (2003)
Zurück zum Zitat A. Locatelli, S. Heun, M. Kiskinova: Direct observation of reaction-induced lateral redistribution of sub-monolayers of Au deposited on a Rh(110) surface, Surf. Sci. 566-568, 1130–1136 (2004) A. Locatelli, S. Heun, M. Kiskinova: Direct observation of reaction-induced lateral redistribution of sub-monolayers of Au deposited on a Rh(110) surface, Surf. Sci. 566-568, 1130–1136 (2004)
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Zurück zum Zitat G. Lilienkamp, H. Wei, W. Maus-Friedrichs, V. Kempter, H. Marbach, S. Günther, Y. Suchorski: Metastable impact electron emission microscopy of the catalytic H2 oxidation on Rh(110), Surf. Sci. 532–535, 132–136 (2003) G. Lilienkamp, H. Wei, W. Maus-Friedrichs, V. Kempter, H. Marbach, S. Günther, Y. Suchorski: Metastable impact electron emission microscopy of the catalytic H2 oxidation on Rh(110), Surf. Sci. 532–535, 132–136 (2003)
Zurück zum Zitat D.T. Pierce: Spin-polarized electron sources. In: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics: Charged Particles, Methods in Experimental Physics, Vol. 29A, ed. by F.B. Dunning, R.G. Hulet (Academic Press, San Diego 1995) pp. 1–38 D.T. Pierce: Spin-polarized electron sources. In: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics: Charged Particles, Methods in Experimental Physics, Vol. 29A, ed. by F.B. Dunning, R.G. Hulet (Academic Press, San Diego 1995) pp. 1–38
Zurück zum Zitat X. Jin, A.A.C. Cotta, G. Chen, A.T. N'Diaye, A.K. Schmid, N. Yamamoto: Low energy electron microscopy and auger electron spectroscopy studies of Cs-O activation layer on p-type GaAs photocathode, J. Appl. Phys. 116, 174509 (2014) X. Jin, A.A.C. Cotta, G. Chen, A.T. N'Diaye, A.K. Schmid, N. Yamamoto: Low energy electron microscopy and auger electron spectroscopy studies of Cs-O activation layer on p-type GaAs photocathode, J. Appl. Phys. 116, 174509 (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Nishitani, T. Nakanishi, M. Yamamoto, S. Okumi, F. Furuta, M. Miyamoto, M. Kuwahara, N. Yamamoto, K. Naniwa, O. Watanabe, Y. Takeda, H. Kobayakawa, Y. Takashima, H. Horinaka, T. Matsuyama, K. Togawa, T. Saka, M. Tawada, T. Omori, Y. Kurihara, M. Yoshioka, K. Kato, T. Baba: Highly polarized electrons from GaAs-GaAsP and InGaAs-AlGaAs strained-layer superlattice photocathodes, J. Appl. Phys. 97, 094907 (2005) T. Nishitani, T. Nakanishi, M. Yamamoto, S. Okumi, F. Furuta, M. Miyamoto, M. Kuwahara, N. Yamamoto, K. Naniwa, O. Watanabe, Y. Takeda, H. Kobayakawa, Y. Takashima, H. Horinaka, T. Matsuyama, K. Togawa, T. Saka, M. Tawada, T. Omori, Y. Kurihara, M. Yoshioka, K. Kato, T. Baba: Highly polarized electrons from GaAs-GaAsP and InGaAs-AlGaAs strained-layer superlattice photocathodes, J. Appl. Phys. 97, 094907 (2005)
Zurück zum Zitat X. Jin, N. Yamamoto, Y. Nakagawa, A. Mano, T. Kato, M. Tanioku, T. Ujihara, Y. Takeda, S. Okumi, M. Yamamoto, T. Nakanishi, T. Saka, H. Horinaka, T. Kato, T. Yasue, T. Koshikawa: Super-high brightness and high-spin-polarization photocathode, Appl. Phys. Express 1, 0450023 (2008) X. Jin, N. Yamamoto, Y. Nakagawa, A. Mano, T. Kato, M. Tanioku, T. Ujihara, Y. Takeda, S. Okumi, M. Yamamoto, T. Nakanishi, T. Saka, H. Horinaka, T. Kato, T. Yasue, T. Koshikawa: Super-high brightness and high-spin-polarization photocathode, Appl. Phys. Express 1, 0450023 (2008)
Zurück zum Zitat X. Jin, B. Ozdol, M. Yamamoto, A. Mano, N. Yamamoto, Y. Takeda: Effect of crystal quality on performance of spin-polarized photocathode, Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 203509 (2014) X. Jin, B. Ozdol, M. Yamamoto, A. Mano, N. Yamamoto, Y. Takeda: Effect of crystal quality on performance of spin-polarized photocathode, Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 203509 (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Duden, E. Bauer: A compact electron spin polarization manipulator, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 2861–2864 (1995) T. Duden, E. Bauer: A compact electron spin polarization manipulator, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 2861–2864 (1995)
Zurück zum Zitat H. Pinkvos, H. Poppa, E. Bauer, G.-M. Kim: A time-resolved SPLEEM study of magnetic microstructure in ultrathin Co films on W(110). In: Magnetism and Structure in Systems of Reduced Dimensions, ed. by R.F.C. Farrow, B. Dieny, M. Donath, A. Fert, B.D. Hermsmeier (Plenum, New York 1993) pp. 25–31 H. Pinkvos, H. Poppa, E. Bauer, G.-M. Kim: A time-resolved SPLEEM study of magnetic microstructure in ultrathin Co films on W(110). In: Magnetism and Structure in Systems of Reduced Dimensions, ed. by R.F.C. Farrow, B. Dieny, M. Donath, A. Fert, B.D. Hermsmeier (Plenum, New York 1993) pp. 25–31
Zurück zum Zitat M.S. Altman, I. Hurst, G. Marx, H. Pinkvos, H. Poppa, E. Bauer: Spin polarized low energy electron microscopy of surface magnetic structure, MRS Proceedings 232, 125 (1991) M.S. Altman, I. Hurst, G. Marx, H. Pinkvos, H. Poppa, E. Bauer: Spin polarized low energy electron microscopy of surface magnetic structure, MRS Proceedings 232, 125 (1991)
Zurück zum Zitat H. Pinkvos, H. Poppa, E. Bauer, J. Hurst: A spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy study of the magnetic microstructure of ultrathin epitaxial cobalt films on W(110), Ultramicroscopy 47, 339–345 (1992) H. Pinkvos, H. Poppa, E. Bauer, J. Hurst: A spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy study of the magnetic microstructure of ultrathin epitaxial cobalt films on W(110), Ultramicroscopy 47, 339–345 (1992)
Zurück zum Zitat H. Poppa, H. Pinkvos, K. Wurm, E. Bauer: Spin polarized low energy electron microscopy (SPLEEM) of single and combined layers of Co, Cu, and Pd on W(110), MRS Proceedings 313, 219 (1993) H. Poppa, H. Pinkvos, K. Wurm, E. Bauer: Spin polarized low energy electron microscopy (SPLEEM) of single and combined layers of Co, Cu, and Pd on W(110), MRS Proceedings 313, 219 (1993)
Zurück zum Zitat M.S. Altman, H. Pinkvos, E. Bauer: Spin polarized low energy electron microscopy for thin film magnetism and microstructure, J. Magn. Soc. Jpn. 19, 129–134 (1995) M.S. Altman, H. Pinkvos, E. Bauer: Spin polarized low energy electron microscopy for thin film magnetism and microstructure, J. Magn. Soc. Jpn. 19, 129–134 (1995)
Zurück zum Zitat E. Bauer, T. Duden, H. Pinkvos, H. Poppa, K. Wurm: LEEM studies of the microstructure and magnetic domain structure of ultrathin films, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 156, 1–6 (1996) E. Bauer, T. Duden, H. Pinkvos, H. Poppa, K. Wurm: LEEM studies of the microstructure and magnetic domain structure of ultrathin films, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 156, 1–6 (1996)
Zurück zum Zitat K. Grzelakowski, T. Duden, E. Bauer, H. Poppa, S. Chiang: A new surface microscope for magnetic imaging, IEEE Trans. Magn. 30, 4500–4502 (1994) K. Grzelakowski, T. Duden, E. Bauer, H. Poppa, S. Chiang: A new surface microscope for magnetic imaging, IEEE Trans. Magn. 30, 4500–4502 (1994)
Zurück zum Zitat M. Suzuki, M. Hashimoto, T. Yasue, T. Koshikawa, Y. Nakagawa, T. Konomi, A. Mano, N. Yamamoto, M. Kuwahara, M. Yamamoto, S. Okumi, T. Nakanishi, X. Jin, T. Ujihara, Y. Takeda, T. Kohashi, T. Ohshima, T. Saka, T. Kato, H. Horinaka: Real time magnetic imaging by spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy with highly spin-polarized and high brightness electron gun, Appl. Phys. Express 3, 026601 (2010) M. Suzuki, M. Hashimoto, T. Yasue, T. Koshikawa, Y. Nakagawa, T. Konomi, A. Mano, N. Yamamoto, M. Kuwahara, M. Yamamoto, S. Okumi, T. Nakanishi, X. Jin, T. Ujihara, Y. Takeda, T. Kohashi, T. Ohshima, T. Saka, T. Kato, H. Horinaka: Real time magnetic imaging by spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy with highly spin-polarized and high brightness electron gun, Appl. Phys. Express 3, 026601 (2010)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Yasue, M. Suzuki, K. Tsuno, S. Goto, Y. Arai, T. Koshikawa: Novel multipole Wien filter as three-dimensional spin manipulator, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 043701 (2014) T. Yasue, M. Suzuki, K. Tsuno, S. Goto, Y. Arai, T. Koshikawa: Novel multipole Wien filter as three-dimensional spin manipulator, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 043701 (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Duden, E. Bauer: Spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy, Surf. Rev. Lett. 5, 1213–1220 (1998) T. Duden, E. Bauer: Spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy, Surf. Rev. Lett. 5, 1213–1220 (1998)
Zurück zum Zitat E. Bauer: Spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy (SPLEEM). In: Novel Techniques for Characterizing Magnetic Materials, ed. by Y. Zhu (Kluwer Academic, Boston 2005) pp. 361–379 E. Bauer: Spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy (SPLEEM). In: Novel Techniques for Characterizing Magnetic Materials, ed. by Y. Zhu (Kluwer Academic, Boston 2005) pp. 361–379
Zurück zum Zitat E. Bauer: Spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy. In: The Handbook of Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materials, Vol. 3, ed. by H. Kronmüller, S. Parkin (Wiley, Chichester 2007) pp. 1470–1487 E. Bauer: Spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy. In: The Handbook of Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materials, Vol. 3, ed. by H. Kronmüller, S. Parkin (Wiley, Chichester 2007) pp. 1470–1487
Zurück zum Zitat N. Rougemaille, A.K. Schmid: Magnetic imaging with spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy, Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 50, 20101 (2010) N. Rougemaille, A.K. Schmid: Magnetic imaging with spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy, Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 50, 20101 (2010)
Zurück zum Zitat E. Bauer: Spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy. In: Handbook of Nanoscopy, ed. by G. van Tandeloo, D. van Dyck, S.J. Pennycook (Wiley, Weinheim 2012) pp. 697–707 E. Bauer: Spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy. In: Handbook of Nanoscopy, ed. by G. van Tandeloo, D. van Dyck, S.J. Pennycook (Wiley, Weinheim 2012) pp. 697–707
Zurück zum Zitat E.D. Tober, G. Witte, H. Poppa: Variable temperature and ex-situ spin-polarized low-energy electron microscope, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 18, 1845 (2000) E.D. Tober, G. Witte, H. Poppa: Variable temperature and ex-situ spin-polarized low-energy electron microscope, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 18, 1845 (2000)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Duden, E. Bauer: Spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy of ferromagnetic layers, J. Electron Microsc. 47, 379–385 (1998) T. Duden, E. Bauer: Spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy of ferromagnetic layers, J. Electron Microsc. 47, 379–385 (1998)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Duden, E. Bauer: Influence of Au and Cu over layers on the magnetic structure of Co films on W(110), Phys. Rev. B 59, 468–473 (1999) T. Duden, E. Bauer: Influence of Au and Cu over layers on the magnetic structure of Co films on W(110), Phys. Rev. B 59, 468–473 (1999)
Zurück zum Zitat R. Zdyb, E. Bauer: Spin dependent quantum size effects in the electron reflectivity of ultrathin ferromagnetic crystals, Surf. Rev. Lett. 9, 1485–1491 (2002) R. Zdyb, E. Bauer: Spin dependent quantum size effects in the electron reflectivity of ultrathin ferromagnetic crystals, Surf. Rev. Lett. 9, 1485–1491 (2002)
Zurück zum Zitat R. Zdyb, E. Bauer: Spin-resolved inelastic mean free path of slow electrons in Fe, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 25, 272201 (2013) R. Zdyb, E. Bauer: Spin-resolved inelastic mean free path of slow electrons in Fe, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 25, 272201 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat Y.Z. Wu, A.K. Schmid, Z.Q. Qiu: Spin-dependent quantum interference from epitaxial MgO thin films on Fe(001), Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 217205 (2006) Y.Z. Wu, A.K. Schmid, Z.Q. Qiu: Spin-dependent quantum interference from epitaxial MgO thin films on Fe(001), Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 217205 (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Duden, E. Bauer: Magnetization wrinkle in thin ferromagnetic films, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2308–2311 (1996) T. Duden, E. Bauer: Magnetization wrinkle in thin ferromagnetic films, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2308–2311 (1996)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Duden, E. Bauer: Magnetic domain structure and spin reorientation transition in the system Co/Au/W(110), MRS Proceedings 475, 283 (1997) T. Duden, E. Bauer: Magnetic domain structure and spin reorientation transition in the system Co/Au/W(110), MRS Proceedings 475, 283 (1997)
Zurück zum Zitat F. El Gabaly, S. Gallego, C. Muñoz, L. Szunyogh, P. Weinberger, C. Klein, A.K. Schmid, K.F. McCarty, J. de la Figuera: Imaging spin-reorientation transitions in consecutive atomic Co layers on Ru(0001), Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 147202 (2006) F. El Gabaly, S. Gallego, C. Muñoz, L. Szunyogh, P. Weinberger, C. Klein, A.K. Schmid, K.F. McCarty, J. de la Figuera: Imaging spin-reorientation transitions in consecutive atomic Co layers on Ru(0001), Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 147202 (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat C. Klein, R. Ramchal, M. Farle, A.K. Schmid: Direct imaging of spin-reorientation transitions in ultrathin Ni films by spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy, Surf. Interface Anal. 38, 1550–1553 (2006) C. Klein, R. Ramchal, M. Farle, A.K. Schmid: Direct imaging of spin-reorientation transitions in ultrathin Ni films by spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy, Surf. Interface Anal. 38, 1550–1553 (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat C. Klein, R. Ramchal, A.K. Schmid, M. Farle: Controlling the kinetic order of spin-reorientation transitions in Ni/Cu(100) films by tuning the substrate step structure, Phys. Rev. B 75, 193405 (2007) C. Klein, R. Ramchal, A.K. Schmid, M. Farle: Controlling the kinetic order of spin-reorientation transitions in Ni/Cu(100) films by tuning the substrate step structure, Phys. Rev. B 75, 193405 (2007)
Zurück zum Zitat F. El Gabaly, K.F. McCarty, A.K. Schmid, J. de la Figuera, M.C. Muñoz, L. Szunyogh, P. Weinberger, S. Gallego: Noble metal capping effects on the spin-reorientation transitions of Co/Ru(0001), New J. Phys. 10, 073024 (2008) F. El Gabaly, K.F. McCarty, A.K. Schmid, J. de la Figuera, M.C. Muñoz, L. Szunyogh, P. Weinberger, S. Gallego: Noble metal capping effects on the spin-reorientation transitions of Co/Ru(0001), New J. Phys. 10, 073024 (2008)
Zurück zum Zitat B. Santos, S. Galego, A. Mascaraque, K.F. McCarty, A. Quesada, A.T. N'Diaye, A.K. Schmid, J. de la Figuera: Hydrogen-induced reversible spin-reorientation transition and magnetic stripe domain phase in bilayer Co on Ru(0001), Phys. Rev. B 85, 134409 (2012) B. Santos, S. Galego, A. Mascaraque, K.F. McCarty, A. Quesada, A.T. N'Diaye, A.K. Schmid, J. de la Figuera: Hydrogen-induced reversible spin-reorientation transition and magnetic stripe domain phase in bilayer Co on Ru(0001), Phys. Rev. B 85, 134409 (2012)
Zurück zum Zitat Q. Wu, M.S. Altman: Spin polarized low energy electron microscopy of quantum well resonances in Fe films on the Cu-covered W(110) surface, Ultramicroscopy 130, 109–114 (2013) Q. Wu, M.S. Altman: Spin polarized low energy electron microscopy of quantum well resonances in Fe films on the Cu-covered W(110) surface, Ultramicroscopy 130, 109–114 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat Q. Wu, M.S. Altman: Probing buried magnetic interface structure with the quantum size effect in spin-dependent electron reflectivity, Ultramicroscopy 159, 530–535 (2015) Q. Wu, M.S. Altman: Probing buried magnetic interface structure with the quantum size effect in spin-dependent electron reflectivity, Ultramicroscopy 159, 530–535 (2015)
Zurück zum Zitat K.L. Man, M.S. Altman, H. Poppa: Spin polarized low energy electron microscopy investigations of magnetic transitions in Fe/Cu(100), Surf. Sci. 480, 163–172 (2001) K.L. Man, M.S. Altman, H. Poppa: Spin polarized low energy electron microscopy investigations of magnetic transitions in Fe/Cu(100), Surf. Sci. 480, 163–172 (2001)
Zurück zum Zitat K.L. Man, W.L. Ling, S.Y. Paik, H. Poppa, M.S. Altman, Z.Q. Qiu: Modification of initial growth and magnetism in Fe/Cu(100), Phys. Rev. B 65, 024409 (2001) K.L. Man, W.L. Ling, S.Y. Paik, H. Poppa, M.S. Altman, Z.Q. Qiu: Modification of initial growth and magnetism in Fe/Cu(100), Phys. Rev. B 65, 024409 (2001)
Zurück zum Zitat H. Poppa, E.D. Tober, A.K. Schmid: In situ observation of magnetic domain pattern evolution in applied fields by spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 6932–6934 (2002) H. Poppa, E.D. Tober, A.K. Schmid: In situ observation of magnetic domain pattern evolution in applied fields by spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 6932–6934 (2002)
Zurück zum Zitat R. Zdyb, E. Bauer: Magnetic domain structure and spin reorientation transition in ultrathin Fe-Co alloy films, Phys. Rev. B 67, 134420 (2003) R. Zdyb, E. Bauer: Magnetic domain structure and spin reorientation transition in ultrathin Fe-Co alloy films, Phys. Rev. B 67, 134420 (2003)
Zurück zum Zitat R. Zdyb, A. Locatelli, S. Heun, S. Cherifi, R. Belkhou, E. Bauer: Nanomagnetism studies with spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism photo emission electron microscopy, Surf. Interface Anal. 27, 239–243 (2005) R. Zdyb, A. Locatelli, S. Heun, S. Cherifi, R. Belkhou, E. Bauer: Nanomagnetism studies with spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism photo emission electron microscopy, Surf. Interface Anal. 27, 239–243 (2005)
Zurück zum Zitat C. Ji, Z. Wang, Q. Wu, L. Huang, M.S. Altman: Controlling magnetic interfaces using ordered surface alloys, Phys. Rev. B 94, 134425 (2016) C. Ji, Z. Wang, Q. Wu, L. Huang, M.S. Altman: Controlling magnetic interfaces using ordered surface alloys, Phys. Rev. B 94, 134425 (2016)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Duden, R. Zdyb, M. Altman, E. Bauer: Micromagnetic and microcrystalline structure of ultrathin co layers on W single crystal surfaces, Surf. Sci. 480, 145–152 (2001) T. Duden, R. Zdyb, M. Altman, E. Bauer: Micromagnetic and microcrystalline structure of ultrathin co layers on W single crystal surfaces, Surf. Sci. 480, 145–152 (2001)
Zurück zum Zitat K.L. Man, R. Zdyb, Y.I. Feng, T. Chan, M.S. Altman, E. Bauer: Growth morphology, structure and magnetism of ultrathin co films on W(111), Phys. Rev. B 67, 184402 (2003) K.L. Man, R. Zdyb, Y.I. Feng, T. Chan, M.S. Altman, E. Bauer: Growth morphology, structure and magnetism of ultrathin co films on W(111), Phys. Rev. B 67, 184402 (2003)
Zurück zum Zitat Q. Wu, R. Zdyb, E. Bauer, M.S. Altman: Growth, magnetism and ferromagnetic thickness gap in Fe films on the W(111) surface, Phys. Rev. B 87, 104410 (2013) Q. Wu, R. Zdyb, E. Bauer, M.S. Altman: Growth, magnetism and ferromagnetic thickness gap in Fe films on the W(111) surface, Phys. Rev. B 87, 104410 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat Y.R. Niu, K.L. Man, A. Pavlovska, E. Bauer, M.S. Altman: Fe on W(001): From continuous films to nanoparticles: Growth and magnetic domain structure, Phys. Rev. B 95, 064404 (2017) Y.R. Niu, K.L. Man, A. Pavlovska, E. Bauer, M.S. Altman: Fe on W(001): From continuous films to nanoparticles: Growth and magnetic domain structure, Phys. Rev. B 95, 064404 (2017)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Duden, E. Bauer: Biquadratic exchange in ferromagnetic/nonferromagnetic sandwiches: A spin-polarized low energy electron study, Phys. Rev. B 59, 474–479 (1999) T. Duden, E. Bauer: Biquadratic exchange in ferromagnetic/nonferromagnetic sandwiches: A spin-polarized low energy electron study, Phys. Rev. B 59, 474–479 (1999)
Zurück zum Zitat T. Duden, E. Bauer: Exchange coupling in Co/Cu/Co sandwiches studied by spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 191, 301–312 (1999) T. Duden, E. Bauer: Exchange coupling in Co/Cu/Co sandwiches studied by spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 191, 301–312 (1999)
Zurück zum Zitat N. Rougemaille, M. Portalupi, A. Brambilla, P. Biagioni, A. Lanzara, M. Finazzi, A.K. Schmid, L. Duò: Exchange-induced frustration in Fe/NiO multilayers, Phys. Rev. B 76(6), 214425–214421 (2007) N. Rougemaille, M. Portalupi, A. Brambilla, P. Biagioni, A. Lanzara, M. Finazzi, A.K. Schmid, L. Duò: Exchange-induced frustration in Fe/NiO multilayers, Phys. Rev. B 76(6), 214425–214421 (2007)
Zurück zum Zitat M. Suzuki, T. Yasue, T. Koshikawa, E. Bauer: Magnetic structure of Co/Ni thin film magnetic structure of Co/Ni thin films on W(110) studied by high brightness and highly spin-polarized LEEM. In: Proc. 8th Int. Symp. At. Level Charact. New Mater. Devices ALC'11, Seoul (2011) pp. 437–440 M. Suzuki, T. Yasue, T. Koshikawa, E. Bauer: Magnetic structure of Co/Ni thin film magnetic structure of Co/Ni thin films on W(110) studied by high brightness and highly spin-polarized LEEM. In: Proc. 8th Int. Symp. At. Level Charact. New Mater. Devices ALC'11, Seoul (2011) pp. 437–440
Zurück zum Zitat M. Suzuki, K. Kudo, K. Kojima, T. Yasue, N. Akutsu, W.A. Diño, H. Kasai, E. Bauer, T. Koshikawa: Magnetic domain patterns on strong perpendicular magnetization of Co/Ni multilayers as spintronics materials: I. Dynamic observations, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 25, 406001 (2013) M. Suzuki, K. Kudo, K. Kojima, T. Yasue, N. Akutsu, W.A. Diño, H. Kasai, E. Bauer, T. Koshikawa: Magnetic domain patterns on strong perpendicular magnetization of Co/Ni multilayers as spintronics materials: I. Dynamic observations, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 25, 406001 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat K. Kudo, M. Suzuki, K. Kojima, T. Yasue, N. Akutsu, W.A. Diño, H. Kasai, E. Bauer, T. Koshikawa: Magnetic domain patterns on strong perpendicular magnetization of Co/Ni multilayers as spintronics materials: II. Numerical simulations, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 25, 395005 (2013) K. Kudo, M. Suzuki, K. Kojima, T. Yasue, N. Akutsu, W.A. Diño, H. Kasai, E. Bauer, T. Koshikawa: Magnetic domain patterns on strong perpendicular magnetization of Co/Ni multilayers as spintronics materials: II. Numerical simulations, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 25, 395005 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat N. Rougemaille, A.T. N'Diaye, J. Coraux, C. Vo-Van, O. Fruchart, A.K. Schmid: Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of cobalt films intercalated under graphene, Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 142403 (2012) N. Rougemaille, A.T. N'Diaye, J. Coraux, C. Vo-Van, O. Fruchart, A.K. Schmid: Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of cobalt films intercalated under graphene, Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 142403 (2012)
Zurück zum Zitat H. Yang, A.D. Vu, A. Hallal, N. Rougemaille, J. Coraux, G. Chen, A.K. Schmid, M. Chshiev: Anatomy and giant enhancement of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of cobalt-graphene heterostructures, Nano Lett. 16, 145–151 (2016) H. Yang, A.D. Vu, A. Hallal, N. Rougemaille, J. Coraux, G. Chen, A.K. Schmid, M. Chshiev: Anatomy and giant enhancement of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of cobalt-graphene heterostructures, Nano Lett. 16, 145–151 (2016)
Zurück zum Zitat A.D. Vu, J. Coraux, G. Chen, A.T. N'Diaye, A.K. Schmid, N. Rougemaille: Unconventional magnetisation texture in graphene/cobalt hybrids, Sci. Rep. 6, 24783 (2016) A.D. Vu, J. Coraux, G. Chen, A.T. N'Diaye, A.K. Schmid, N. Rougemaille: Unconventional magnetisation texture in graphene/cobalt hybrids, Sci. Rep. 6, 24783 (2016)
Zurück zum Zitat R. Ramchal, A.K. Schmid, M. Farle, H. Poppa: Magnetic domains and domain-wall structure in Ni/Cu(001) films imaged by spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy, Phys. Rev. B 68, 054418 (2003) R. Ramchal, A.K. Schmid, M. Farle, H. Poppa: Magnetic domains and domain-wall structure in Ni/Cu(001) films imaged by spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy, Phys. Rev. B 68, 054418 (2003)
Zurück zum Zitat G. Chen, J. Zhu, A. Quesada, J. Li, A.T. N'Diaye, Y. Huo, T.P. Ma, Y. Chen, H.Y. Kwon, C. Won, Z.Q. Qiu, A.K. Schmid, Y.Z. Wu: Novel chiral magnetic domain wall structure in Feo/Ni/Cu(001) films, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 177204 (2013) G. Chen, J. Zhu, A. Quesada, J. Li, A.T. N'Diaye, Y. Huo, T.P. Ma, Y. Chen, H.Y. Kwon, C. Won, Z.Q. Qiu, A.K. Schmid, Y.Z. Wu: Novel chiral magnetic domain wall structure in Feo/Ni/Cu(001) films, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 177204 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat G. Chen, T. Ma, A.T. N'Diaye, H. Kwon, C. Won, Y. Wu, A.K. Schmid: Tailoring the chirality of magnetic domain walls by interface engineering, Nat. Commun. 4, 2671 (2013) G. Chen, T. Ma, A.T. N'Diaye, H. Kwon, C. Won, Y. Wu, A.K. Schmid: Tailoring the chirality of magnetic domain walls by interface engineering, Nat. Commun. 4, 2671 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat G. Chen, A.T. N'Diaye, Y. Wu, A.K. Schmid: Ternary superlattice boosting interface-stabilized magnetic chirality, Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 062402 (2015) G. Chen, A.T. N'Diaye, Y. Wu, A.K. Schmid: Ternary superlattice boosting interface-stabilized magnetic chirality, Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 062402 (2015)
Zurück zum Zitat G. Chen, A.T. N'Diaye, S.P. Kang, H.Y. Kwon, C. Won, Y. Wu, Z.Q. Qiu, A.K. Schmid: Unlocking Bloch-type chirality in ultrathin magnets through uniaxial strain, Nat. Commun. 6, 6598 (2015) G. Chen, A.T. N'Diaye, S.P. Kang, H.Y. Kwon, C. Won, Y. Wu, Z.Q. Qiu, A.K. Schmid: Unlocking Bloch-type chirality in ultrathin magnets through uniaxial strain, Nat. Commun. 6, 6598 (2015)
Zurück zum Zitat G. Chen, A. Mascaraque, A.T. N'Diaye, A.K. Schmid: Room temperature skyrmion ground state stabilized through interlayer exchange coupling, Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 242404 (2015) G. Chen, A. Mascaraque, A.T. N'Diaye, A.K. Schmid: Room temperature skyrmion ground state stabilized through interlayer exchange coupling, Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 242404 (2015)
Zurück zum Zitat G. Chen, A.K. Schmid: Imaging and tailoring the chirality of domain walls in magnetic films, Adv. Mater. 27, 5738–5743 (2015) G. Chen, A.K. Schmid: Imaging and tailoring the chirality of domain walls in magnetic films, Adv. Mater. 27, 5738–5743 (2015)
Zurück zum Zitat E. Bauer, R. Belkhou, S. Cherifi, R. Hertel, S. Heun, A. Locatelli, A. Pavlovska, R. Zdyb, N. Agarwal, H. Wang: Microscopy of mesoscopic ferromagnetic systems with slow electrons, Surf. Interface Anal. 38, 1622–1627 (2006) E. Bauer, R. Belkhou, S. Cherifi, R. Hertel, S. Heun, A. Locatelli, A. Pavlovska, R. Zdyb, N. Agarwal, H. Wang: Microscopy of mesoscopic ferromagnetic systems with slow electrons, Surf. Interface Anal. 38, 1622–1627 (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat R. Zdyb, A. Pavlovska, M. Jałochowski, E. Bauer: Self-organized Fe nanostructures on W(110), Surf. Sci. 600, 1586–1591 (2006) R. Zdyb, A. Pavlovska, M. Jałochowski, E. Bauer: Self-organized Fe nanostructures on W(110), Surf. Sci. 600, 1586–1591 (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat N. Rougemaille, A.K. Schmid: Self-organization and magnetic domain microstructure of Fe nanowire arrays, J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08S502 (2006) N. Rougemaille, A.K. Schmid: Self-organization and magnetic domain microstructure of Fe nanowire arrays, J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08S502 (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat H.F. Ding, A.K. Schmid, D. Li, K.Y. Guslienko, S.D. Bader: Magnetic bistability of Co nanodots, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 157202 (2005) H.F. Ding, A.K. Schmid, D. Li, K.Y. Guslienko, S.D. Bader: Magnetic bistability of Co nanodots, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 157202 (2005)
Zurück zum Zitat R. Zdyb, E. Bauer: Coexistence of ferromagnetism and paramagnetism in a ferromagnetic monolayer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 155704 (2008) R. Zdyb, E. Bauer: Coexistence of ferromagnetism and paramagnetism in a ferromagnetic monolayer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 155704 (2008)
Zurück zum Zitat J. de la Figuera, Z. Novotny, M. Setvin, T. Liu, Z. Mao, G. Chen, A.T. N'Diaye, M. Schmid, U. Diebold, A.K. Schmid, G.S. Parkinson: Real-space imaging of the Verwey transition at the (100) surface of magnetite, Phys. Rev. B 88, 161410(R) (2013) J. de la Figuera, Z. Novotny, M. Setvin, T. Liu, Z. Mao, G. Chen, A.T. N'Diaye, M. Schmid, U. Diebold, A.K. Schmid, G.S. Parkinson: Real-space imaging of the Verwey transition at the (100) surface of magnetite, Phys. Rev. B 88, 161410(R) (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat J. de la Figuera, L. Vergara, A.T. N'Diaye, A. Quesada, A.K. Schmid: Micromagnetism in (001) magnetite by spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy, Ultramicroscopy 130, 77–81 (2013) J. de la Figuera, L. Vergara, A.T. N'Diaye, A. Quesada, A.K. Schmid: Micromagnetism in (001) magnetite by spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy, Ultramicroscopy 130, 77–81 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli: Angle-resolved x-ray photoemission electron microscopy, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 185, 323–329 (2012) T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli: Angle-resolved x-ray photoemission electron microscopy, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 185, 323–329 (2012)
Zurück zum Zitat A. Locatelli, L. Aballe, T.O. Menteş, M. Kiskinova, E. Bauer: Photoemission electron microscopy with chemical sensitivity: SPELEEM methods and applications, Surf. Interface Anal. 38, 1554–1557 (2006) A. Locatelli, L. Aballe, T.O. Menteş, M. Kiskinova, E. Bauer: Photoemission electron microscopy with chemical sensitivity: SPELEEM methods and applications, Surf. Interface Anal. 38, 1554–1557 (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat T.O. Menteş, M.A. Niño, A. Locatelli: Spectromicroscopy with low-energy electrons: LEEM and XPEEM studies at the nanoscale, e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotechnol. 9, 72–79 (2011) T.O. Menteş, M.A. Niño, A. Locatelli: Spectromicroscopy with low-energy electrons: LEEM and XPEEM studies at the nanoscale, e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotechnol. 9, 72–79 (2011)
Zurück zum Zitat E. Bauer, S. Cherifi, L. Daeweritz, M. Kaestner, S. Heun, A. Locatelli: Low-energy electron microscopy/x-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoemission electron microscopy study of epitaxial MnAs on GaAs, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 20, 2539–2542 (2002) E. Bauer, S. Cherifi, L. Daeweritz, M. Kaestner, S. Heun, A. Locatelli: Low-energy electron microscopy/x-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoemission electron microscopy study of epitaxial MnAs on GaAs, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 20, 2539–2542 (2002)
Zurück zum Zitat E. Bauer, R. Belkhou, S. Cherifi, A. Locatelli, A. Pavlovska, N. Rougemaille: Magnetostructure of MnAs on GaAs revisited, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 25, 1470–1475 (2007) E. Bauer, R. Belkhou, S. Cherifi, A. Locatelli, A. Pavlovska, N. Rougemaille: Magnetostructure of MnAs on GaAs revisited, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 25, 1470–1475 (2007)
Zurück zum Zitat A.B. Pang, A. Pavlovska, L. Däweritz, A. Locatelli, E. Bauer, M.S. Altman: LEEM image phase contrast of MnAs stripes, Ultramicroscopy 130, 7–12 (2013) A.B. Pang, A. Pavlovska, L. Däweritz, A. Locatelli, E. Bauer, M.S. Altman: LEEM image phase contrast of MnAs stripes, Ultramicroscopy 130, 7–12 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat R. Engel-Herbert, D.M. Schaadt, S. Cherifi, E. Bauer, R. Belkhou, A. Locatelli, S. Heun, A. Pavlovska, J. Mohanty, K.H. Ploog, T. Hesjedal: The nature of charged zig-zag domains in MnAs thin films, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 305, 457–463 (2006) R. Engel-Herbert, D.M. Schaadt, S. Cherifi, E. Bauer, R. Belkhou, A. Locatelli, S. Heun, A. Pavlovska, J. Mohanty, K.H. Ploog, T. Hesjedal: The nature of charged zig-zag domains in MnAs thin films, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 305, 457–463 (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat R. Engel-Herbert, T. Hesjedal: Micromagnetic analysis of unusual, V-shaped domain transitions in MnAs nanowires, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 323, 1840–1845 (2011) R. Engel-Herbert, T. Hesjedal: Micromagnetic analysis of unusual, V-shaped domain transitions in MnAs nanowires, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 323, 1840–1845 (2011)
Zurück zum Zitat K.S.R. Menon, S. Mandal, J. Das, T.O. Menteş, M.A. Niño, A. Locatelli, R. Belkhou: Surface antiferromagnetic domain imaging using low-energy unpolarized electrons, Phys. Rev. B 84, 132402 (2011) K.S.R. Menon, S. Mandal, J. Das, T.O. Menteş, M.A. Niño, A. Locatelli, R. Belkhou: Surface antiferromagnetic domain imaging using low-energy unpolarized electrons, Phys. Rev. B 84, 132402 (2011)
Zurück zum Zitat R. Hertel, O. Fruchart, S. Cherifi, P.-O. Jubert, S. Heun, A. Locatelli, J. Kirschner: Three-dimensional magnetic-flux-closure patterns in mesoscopic Fe islands, Phys. Rev. B 72(11), 214409–214401 (2005) R. Hertel, O. Fruchart, S. Cherifi, P.-O. Jubert, S. Heun, A. Locatelli, J. Kirschner: Three-dimensional magnetic-flux-closure patterns in mesoscopic Fe islands, Phys. Rev. B 72(11), 214409–214401 (2005)
Zurück zum Zitat A. Mascaraque, L. Aballe, J.F. Marco, T.O. Menteş, F. El Gabaly, C. Klein, A.K. Schmid, K.F. McCarty, A. Locatelli, J. de la Figuera: Measuring the magnetization of three monolayer thick Co islands and films by x-ray dichroism, Phys. Rev. B 80, 172401 (2009) A. Mascaraque, L. Aballe, J.F. Marco, T.O. Menteş, F. El Gabaly, C. Klein, A.K. Schmid, K.F. McCarty, A. Locatelli, J. de la Figuera: Measuring the magnetization of three monolayer thick Co islands and films by x-ray dichroism, Phys. Rev. B 80, 172401 (2009)
Zurück zum Zitat M. Monti, B. Santos, A. Mascaraque, O.R. de la Fuente, M.A. Niño, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, K.F. McCarty, J.F. Marco, J. de la Figuera: Magnetism in nanometer-thick magnetite, Phys. Rev. B 85, 020404 (2012) M. Monti, B. Santos, A. Mascaraque, O.R. de la Fuente, M.A. Niño, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, K.F. McCarty, J.F. Marco, J. de la Figuera: Magnetism in nanometer-thick magnetite, Phys. Rev. B 85, 020404 (2012)
Zurück zum Zitat T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, L. Aballe, A. Pavlovska, E. Bauer, T. Pabisiak, A. Kiejna: Surface modification of oxides by electron-stimulated desorption for growth-mode control of metal films: Experiment and density-functional calculations, Phys. Rev. B 76, 155413 (2007) T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, L. Aballe, A. Pavlovska, E. Bauer, T. Pabisiak, A. Kiejna: Surface modification of oxides by electron-stimulated desorption for growth-mode control of metal films: Experiment and density-functional calculations, Phys. Rev. B 76, 155413 (2007)
Zurück zum Zitat S. Günther, S. Bocklein, R. Reichelt, J. Wintterlin, A. Barinov, T.O. Menteş, M.A. Niño, A. Locatelli: Surface patterning of silver using an electron- or photon-assisted oxidation reaction, ChemPhysChem 11, 1525–1532 (2010) S. Günther, S. Bocklein, R. Reichelt, J. Wintterlin, A. Barinov, T.O. Menteş, M.A. Niño, A. Locatelli: Surface patterning of silver using an electron- or photon-assisted oxidation reaction, ChemPhysChem 11, 1525–1532 (2010)
Zurück zum Zitat J. Laverock, S. Kittiwatanakul, A.A. Zakharov, Y.R. Niu, B. Chen, S.A. Wolf, J.W. Lu, K.E. Smith: Direct observation of decoupled structural and electronic transitions and an ambient pressure monocliniclike metallic phase of VO2, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 216402 (2014) J. Laverock, S. Kittiwatanakul, A.A. Zakharov, Y.R. Niu, B. Chen, S.A. Wolf, J.W. Lu, K.E. Smith: Direct observation of decoupled structural and electronic transitions and an ambient pressure monocliniclike metallic phase of VO2, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 216402 (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat J. Laverock, S. Kittiwatanakul, A.A. Zakharov, Y.R. Niu, B. Chen, J. Kuyyalil, S.A. Wolf, J.W. Lu, K.E. Smith: Simultaneous spectroscopic, diffraction and microscopic study of the metal-insulator transition of VO2, MRS Proceedings 1730, Mrsf14-1730-n05-04 (2015) J. Laverock, S. Kittiwatanakul, A.A. Zakharov, Y.R. Niu, B. Chen, J. Kuyyalil, S.A. Wolf, J.W. Lu, K.E. Smith: Simultaneous spectroscopic, diffraction and microscopic study of the metal-insulator transition of VO2, MRS Proceedings 1730, Mrsf14-1730-n05-04 (2015)
Zurück zum Zitat F. Genuzio, A. Sala, T. Schmidt, D. Menzel, H.-J. Freund: Phase transformations in thin iron oxide films: Spectromicroscopic study of velocity and shape of the reaction fronts, Surf. Sci. 648, 177–187 (2016) F. Genuzio, A. Sala, T. Schmidt, D. Menzel, H.-J. Freund: Phase transformations in thin iron oxide films: Spectromicroscopic study of velocity and shape of the reaction fronts, Surf. Sci. 648, 177–187 (2016)
Zurück zum Zitat L.K.E. Ericsson, K.O. Magnusson, A.A. Zakharov: ZnO nanocrystals on SiO2/Si surfaces thermally cleaned in ultrahigh vacuum and characterized using spectroscopic photoemission and low energy electron microscopy, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 28, 438–442 (2010) L.K.E. Ericsson, K.O. Magnusson, A.A. Zakharov: ZnO nanocrystals on SiO2/Si surfaces thermally cleaned in ultrahigh vacuum and characterized using spectroscopic photoemission and low energy electron microscopy, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 28, 438–442 (2010)
Zurück zum Zitat E. Bauer, K.L. Man, A. Pavlovska, A. Locatelli, T.O. Menteş, M.A. Niño, M.S. Altman: Fe3S4 (greigite) formation by vapor-solid reaction, J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 1903–1913 (2014) E. Bauer, K.L. Man, A. Pavlovska, A. Locatelli, T.O. Menteş, M.A. Niño, M.S. Altman: Fe3S4 (greigite) formation by vapor-solid reaction, J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 1903–1913 (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat K.L. Man, A. Pavlovska, E. Bauer, A. Locatelli, T.O. Menteş, M.A. Niño, G.K.L. Wong, I.K. Sou, M.S. Altman: Growth, reaction and nanowire formation of Fe on the ZnS(100) surface, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 26, 315006 (2014) K.L. Man, A. Pavlovska, E. Bauer, A. Locatelli, T.O. Menteş, M.A. Niño, G.K.L. Wong, I.K. Sou, M.S. Altman: Growth, reaction and nanowire formation of Fe on the ZnS(100) surface, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 26, 315006 (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat M. Ewert, T. Schmidt, J.I. Flege, I. Heidmann, T. Grzela, W.M. Klesse, M. Foerster, L. Aballe, T. Schroeder, J. Falta: Morphology and chemical composition of cobalt germanide islands on Ge(001), Nanotechnology 27, 325705 (2016) M. Ewert, T. Schmidt, J.I. Flege, I. Heidmann, T. Grzela, W.M. Klesse, M. Foerster, L. Aballe, T. Schroeder, J. Falta: Morphology and chemical composition of cobalt germanide islands on Ge(001), Nanotechnology 27, 325705 (2016)
Zurück zum Zitat M. Monti, B. Santos, A. Mascaraque, O.R. de la Fuente, M.A. Niño, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, K.F. McCarty, J.F. Marco, J. de la Figuera: Oxidation pathways in bicomponent ultrathin iron oxide films, J. Phys. Chem. C 116, 11539–11547 (2012) M. Monti, B. Santos, A. Mascaraque, O.R. de la Fuente, M.A. Niño, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, K.F. McCarty, J.F. Marco, J. de la Figuera: Oxidation pathways in bicomponent ultrathin iron oxide films, J. Phys. Chem. C 116, 11539–11547 (2012)
Zurück zum Zitat A. Cornish, T. Eralp, A. Shavorskiy, R.A. Bennett, G. Held, S.A. Cavill, A. Potenza, H. Marchetto, S.S. Dhesi: Oxidation of polycrystalline Ni studied by spectromicroscopy: Phase separation in the early stages of crystallite growth, Phys. Rev. B 81, 085403 (2010) A. Cornish, T. Eralp, A. Shavorskiy, R.A. Bennett, G. Held, S.A. Cavill, A. Potenza, H. Marchetto, S.S. Dhesi: Oxidation of polycrystalline Ni studied by spectromicroscopy: Phase separation in the early stages of crystallite growth, Phys. Rev. B 81, 085403 (2010)
Zurück zum Zitat L. Aballe, S. Matencio, M. Foerster, E. Barrena, F. Sánchez, J. Fontcuberta, C. Ocal: Instability and surface potential modulation of self-patterned (001)SrTiO3 surfaces, Chem. Mater. 27, 6198–6204 (2015) L. Aballe, S. Matencio, M. Foerster, E. Barrena, F. Sánchez, J. Fontcuberta, C. Ocal: Instability and surface potential modulation of self-patterned (001)SrTiO3 surfaces, Chem. Mater. 27, 6198–6204 (2015)
Zurück zum Zitat L. Aballe, A. Barinov, A. Locatelli, S. Heun, M. Kiskinova: Tuning surface reactivity via electron quantum confinement, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 196103 (2004) L. Aballe, A. Barinov, A. Locatelli, S. Heun, M. Kiskinova: Tuning surface reactivity via electron quantum confinement, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 196103 (2004)
Zurück zum Zitat L. Aballe, A. Barinov, N. Stojic, N. Binggeli, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, M. Kiskinova: The electron density decay length effect on surface reactivity, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 22, 015001 (2010) L. Aballe, A. Barinov, N. Stojic, N. Binggeli, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, M. Kiskinova: The electron density decay length effect on surface reactivity, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 22, 015001 (2010)
Zurück zum Zitat B. Kaemena, S.D. Senanayake, A. Meyer, J.T. Sadowski, J. Falta, J.I. Flege: Growth and morphology of ceria on ruthenium (0001), J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 221–232 (2013) B. Kaemena, S.D. Senanayake, A. Meyer, J.T. Sadowski, J. Falta, J.I. Flege: Growth and morphology of ceria on ruthenium (0001), J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 221–232 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat J.I. Flege, J. Höcker, B. Kaemena, T.O. Menteş, A. Sala, A. Locatelli, S. Gangopadhyay, J.T. Sadowski, S.D. Senanayake, J. Falta: Growth and characterization of epitaxially stabilized ceria(001) nanostructures on Ru(0001), Nanoscale 8, 10849–10856 (2016) J.I. Flege, J. Höcker, B. Kaemena, T.O. Menteş, A. Sala, A. Locatelli, S. Gangopadhyay, J.T. Sadowski, S.D. Senanayake, J. Falta: Growth and characterization of epitaxially stabilized ceria(001) nanostructures on Ru(0001), Nanoscale 8, 10849–10856 (2016)
Zurück zum Zitat J. Höcker, T.O. Menteş, A. Sala, A. Locatelli, T. Schmidt, J. Falta, S.D. Senanayake, J.I. Flege: Unraveling the dynamic nanoscale reducibility (Ce4+ $$\rightarrow$$ Ce3+) of CeOx-Ru in hydrogen activation, Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2, 1500314 (2015) J. Höcker, T.O. Menteş, A. Sala, A. Locatelli, T. Schmidt, J. Falta, S.D. Senanayake, J.I. Flege: Unraveling the dynamic nanoscale reducibility (Ce4+ $$\rightarrow$$ Ce3+) of CeOx-Ru in hydrogen activation, Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2, 1500314 (2015)
Zurück zum Zitat J. Höcker, J.-O. Krisponeit, J. Cambeis, A. Zakharov, Y. Niu, G. Wei, L. Colombi Ciacchi, J. Falta, A. Schaefer, J.I. Flege: Growth and structure of ultrathin praseodymium oxide layers on ruthenium(0001), Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19, 3480–3485 (2017) J. Höcker, J.-O. Krisponeit, J. Cambeis, A. Zakharov, Y. Niu, G. Wei, L. Colombi Ciacchi, J. Falta, A. Schaefer, J.I. Flege: Growth and structure of ultrathin praseodymium oxide layers on ruthenium(0001), Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19, 3480–3485 (2017)
Zurück zum Zitat D.C. Grinter, C.-M. Yim, C.L. Pang, B. Santos, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, G. Thornton: Oxidation state imaging of ceria island growth on Re(0001), J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 16509–16514 (2013) D.C. Grinter, C.-M. Yim, C.L. Pang, B. Santos, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, G. Thornton: Oxidation state imaging of ceria island growth on Re(0001), J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 16509–16514 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat D.C. Grinter, C. Muryn, B. Santos, B.-J. Shaw, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, G. Thornton: Spectromicroscopy of a model water–gas shift catalyst: Gold nanoparticles supported on ceria, J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 19194–19204 (2014) D.C. Grinter, C. Muryn, B. Santos, B.-J. Shaw, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, G. Thornton: Spectromicroscopy of a model water–gas shift catalyst: Gold nanoparticles supported on ceria, J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 19194–19204 (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat D.C. Grinter, C. Muryn, A. Sala, C.-M. Yim, C.L. Pang, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, G. Thornton: Spillover reoxidation of ceria nanoparticles, J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 11037–11044 (2016) D.C. Grinter, C. Muryn, A. Sala, C.-M. Yim, C.L. Pang, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, G. Thornton: Spillover reoxidation of ceria nanoparticles, J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 11037–11044 (2016)
Zurück zum Zitat A. Locatelli, C. Sbraccia, S. Heun, S. Baroni, M. Kiskinova: Energetically driven reorganization of a modified catalytic surface under reaction conditions, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 2351–2357 (2005) A. Locatelli, C. Sbraccia, S. Heun, S. Baroni, M. Kiskinova: Energetically driven reorganization of a modified catalytic surface under reaction conditions, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 2351–2357 (2005)
Zurück zum Zitat A. Locatelli, T.O. Menteş, L. Aballe, A. Mikhailov, M. Kiskinova: Formation of regular surface-supported mesostructures with periodicity controlled by chemical reaction rate, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 19108–19111 (2006) A. Locatelli, T.O. Menteş, L. Aballe, A. Mikhailov, M. Kiskinova: Formation of regular surface-supported mesostructures with periodicity controlled by chemical reaction rate, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 19108–19111 (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat A. Locatelli, L. Aballe, T.O. Menteş, F.Z. Guo, M. Kiskinova: A spectro-microscopic study of the reactive phase separation of Au\(+\)Pd and O on Rh(110), Surf. Sci. 601, 4663–4668 (2007) A. Locatelli, L. Aballe, T.O. Menteş, F.Z. Guo, M. Kiskinova: A spectro-microscopic study of the reactive phase separation of Au\(+\)Pd and O on Rh(110), Surf. Sci. 601, 4663–4668 (2007)
Zurück zum Zitat F. Lovis, M. Hesse, A. Locatelli, T.O. Menteş, M.A. Nino, G. Lilienkamp, B. Borkenhagen, R. Imbihl: Self-organization of ultrathin vanadium oxide layers on a Rh(111) surface during a catalytic reaction. Part II: A LEEM and spectromicroscopy study, J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 19149–19157 (2011) F. Lovis, M. Hesse, A. Locatelli, T.O. Menteş, M.A. Nino, G. Lilienkamp, B. Borkenhagen, R. Imbihl: Self-organization of ultrathin vanadium oxide layers on a Rh(111) surface during a catalytic reaction. Part II: A LEEM and spectromicroscopy study, J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 19149–19157 (2011)
Zurück zum Zitat F. Lovis, T. Smolinsky, A. Locatelli, M.A. Niño, R. Imbihl: Chemical waves and rate oscillations in the H2\(+\) O2 reaction on a bimetallic Rh(111)/Ni catalyst, J. Phys. Chem. C 116, 4083–4090 (2012) F. Lovis, T. Smolinsky, A. Locatelli, M.A. Niño, R. Imbihl: Chemical waves and rate oscillations in the H2\(+\) O2 reaction on a bimetallic Rh(111)/Ni catalyst, J. Phys. Chem. C 116, 4083–4090 (2012)
Zurück zum Zitat S. Günther, H. Liu, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, R. Imbihl: Spectromicroscopy of pulses transporting alkali metal in a surface reaction, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, 8752–8764 (2013) S. Günther, H. Liu, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, R. Imbihl: Spectromicroscopy of pulses transporting alkali metal in a surface reaction, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, 8752–8764 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat S. Günther, S. Böcklein, J. Wintterlin, M.Á. Niño, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli: Locating catalytically active oxygen on Ag(111)—A spectromicroscopy study, ChemCatChem 5, 3342–3350 (2013) S. Günther, S. Böcklein, J. Wintterlin, M.Á. Niño, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli: Locating catalytically active oxygen on Ag(111)—A spectromicroscopy study, ChemCatChem 5, 3342–3350 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat A. Locatelli, C. Wang, C. Africh, N. Stojić, T.O. Menteş, G. Comelli, N. Binggeli: Temperature-driven reversible rippling and bonding of a graphene superlattice, ACS Nano 7, 6955–6963 (2013) A. Locatelli, C. Wang, C. Africh, N. Stojić, T.O. Menteş, G. Comelli, N. Binggeli: Temperature-driven reversible rippling and bonding of a graphene superlattice, ACS Nano 7, 6955–6963 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat L.I. Johansson, S. Watcharinyanon, A.A. Zakharov, T. Iakimov, R. Yakimova, C. Virojanadara: Stacking of adjacent graphene layers grown on C-face SiC, Phys. Rev. B 84, 125405 (2011) L.I. Johansson, S. Watcharinyanon, A.A. Zakharov, T. Iakimov, R. Yakimova, C. Virojanadara: Stacking of adjacent graphene layers grown on C-face SiC, Phys. Rev. B 84, 125405 (2011)
Zurück zum Zitat C. Coletti, S. Forti, A. Principi, K.V. Emtsev, A.A. Zakharov, K.M. Daniels, B.K. Daas, M.V.S. Chandrashekhar, T. Ouisse, D. Chaussende, A.H. MacDonald, M. Polini, U. Starke: Revealing the electronic band structure of trilayer graphene on SiC: An angle-resolved photoemission study, Phys. Rev. B 88, 155439 (2013) C. Coletti, S. Forti, A. Principi, K.V. Emtsev, A.A. Zakharov, K.M. Daniels, B.K. Daas, M.V.S. Chandrashekhar, T. Ouisse, D. Chaussende, A.H. MacDonald, M. Polini, U. Starke: Revealing the electronic band structure of trilayer graphene on SiC: An angle-resolved photoemission study, Phys. Rev. B 88, 155439 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat M.S. Nevius, F. Wang, C. Mathieu, N. Barrett, A. Sala, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, E.H. Conrad: The bottom-up growth of edge specific graphene nanoribbons, Nano Lett. 14, 6080–6086 (2014) M.S. Nevius, F. Wang, C. Mathieu, N. Barrett, A. Sala, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, E.H. Conrad: The bottom-up growth of edge specific graphene nanoribbons, Nano Lett. 14, 6080–6086 (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat F. Wang, G. Liu, S. Rothwell, M.S. Nevius, C. Mathieu, N. Barrett, A. Sala, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, P.I. Cohen, L.C. Feldman, E.H. Conrad: Pattern induced ordering of semiconducting graphene ribbons grown from nitrogen-seeded SiC, Carbon 82, 360–367 (2015) F. Wang, G. Liu, S. Rothwell, M.S. Nevius, C. Mathieu, N. Barrett, A. Sala, T.O. Menteş, A. Locatelli, P.I. Cohen, L.C. Feldman, E.H. Conrad: Pattern induced ordering of semiconducting graphene ribbons grown from nitrogen-seeded SiC, Carbon 82, 360–367 (2015)
Zurück zum Zitat S. Watcharinyanon, C. Xia, Y. Niu, A.A. Zakharov, L.I. Johansson, R. Yakimova, C. Virojanadara: Soft x-ray exposure promotes Na intercalation in graphene grown on Si-face SiC, Materials 8, 4768–4777 (2015) S. Watcharinyanon, C. Xia, Y. Niu, A.A. Zakharov, L.I. Johansson, R. Yakimova, C. Virojanadara: Soft x-ray exposure promotes Na intercalation in graphene grown on Si-face SiC, Materials 8, 4768–4777 (2015)
Zurück zum Zitat C. Xia, L.I. Johansson, A.A. Zakharov, L. Hultman, C. Virojanadara: Effects of Al on epitaxial graphene grown on 6H-SiC(0001), Mater. Res. Express 1, 015606 (2014) C. Xia, L.I. Johansson, A.A. Zakharov, L. Hultman, C. Virojanadara: Effects of Al on epitaxial graphene grown on 6H-SiC(0001), Mater. Res. Express 1, 015606 (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat S. Forti, A. Stöhr, A.A. Zakharov, C. Coletti, K.V. Emtsev, U. Starke: Mini-Dirac cones in the band structure of a copper intercalated epitaxial graphene superlattice, 2D Materials 3, 035003 (2016) S. Forti, A. Stöhr, A.A. Zakharov, C. Coletti, K.V. Emtsev, U. Starke: Mini-Dirac cones in the band structure of a copper intercalated epitaxial graphene superlattice, 2D Materials 3, 035003 (2016)
Zurück zum Zitat C. Africh, C. Cepek, L.L. Patera, G. Zamborlini, P. Genoni, T.O. Menteş, A. Sala, A. Locatelli, G. Comelli: Switchable graphene-substrate coupling through formation/dissolution of an intercalated Ni-carbide layer, Sci. Rep. 6, 19734 (2016) C. Africh, C. Cepek, L.L. Patera, G. Zamborlini, P. Genoni, T.O. Menteş, A. Sala, A. Locatelli, G. Comelli: Switchable graphene-substrate coupling through formation/dissolution of an intercalated Ni-carbide layer, Sci. Rep. 6, 19734 (2016)
Zurück zum Zitat A. Stöhr, S. Forti, S. Link, A.A. Zakharov, K. Kern, U. Starke, H.M. Benia: Intercalation of graphene on SiC(0001) via ion-implantation, Phys. Rev. B 94, 085431 (2016) A. Stöhr, S. Forti, S. Link, A.A. Zakharov, K. Kern, U. Starke, H.M. Benia: Intercalation of graphene on SiC(0001) via ion-implantation, Phys. Rev. B 94, 085431 (2016)
Zurück zum Zitat G. Zamborlini, M. Imam, L.L. Patera, T.O. Menteş, N. Stojić, C. Africh, A. Sala, N. Binggeli, G. Comelli, A. Locatelli: Nanobubbles at GPa pressure under graphene, Nano Lett. 15, 6162–6169 (2015) G. Zamborlini, M. Imam, L.L. Patera, T.O. Menteş, N. Stojić, C. Africh, A. Sala, N. Binggeli, G. Comelli, A. Locatelli: Nanobubbles at GPa pressure under graphene, Nano Lett. 15, 6162–6169 (2015)
Zurück zum Zitat T.O. Menteş, A. Sala, A. Locatelli, E. Vescovo, J.M. Ablett, M.A. Niño: Phase coexistence in two-dimensional Fe0.70Ni0.30 films on W(110), e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotechnol. 13, 256–260 (2015) T.O. Menteş, A. Sala, A. Locatelli, E. Vescovo, J.M. Ablett, M.A. Niño: Phase coexistence in two-dimensional Fe0.70Ni0.30 films on W(110), e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotechnol. 13, 256–260 (2015)
Metadaten
Titel
LEEM, SPLEEM and SPELEEM
verfasst von
Ernst Bauer
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00069-1_9

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