nach oben

The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment

Erschienen in:

01.05.2013 | LCA FOR ENERGY SYSTEMS

Life cycle assessment of potential energy uses for short rotation willow biomass in Sweden

verfasst von: Sara González-García, Blas Mola-Yudego, Richard J. Murphy

Erschienen in: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment | Ausgabe 4/2013

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Purpose

Two different bioenergy systems using willow chips as raw material has been assessed in detail applying life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to compare its environmental profile with conventional alternatives based on fossil fuels and demonstrate the potential of this biomass as a lignocellulosic energy source.

Methods

Short rotation forest willow plantations dedicated to biomass chips production for energy purposes and located in Southern Sweden were considered as the agricultural case study. The bioenergy systems under assessment were based on the production and use of willow-based ethanol in a flexi fuel vehicle blended with gasoline (85 % ethanol by volume) and the direct combustion of willow chips in an industrial furnace in order to produce heat for end users. The standard framework for LCA from the International Standards Organisation was followed in this study. The environmental profiles as well as the hot spots all through the life cycles were identified.

Results and discussion

According to the results, Swedish willow biomass production is energetically efficient, and the destination of this biomass for energy purposes (independently the sort of energy) presents environmental benefits, specifically in terms of avoided greenhouse gases emissions and fossil fuels depletion. Several processes from the agricultural activities were identified as hot spots, and special considerations should be paid on them due to their contribution to the environmental impact categories under analysis. This was the case for the production and use of the nitrogen-based fertilizer, as well as the diesel used in agricultural machineries.

Conclusions

Special attention should be paid on diffuse emissions from the ethanol production plant as well as on the control system of the combustion emissions from the boiler.

Vorheriger Artikel Exploring variability in methods and data sensitivity in carbon footprints of feed ingredients

Nächster Artikel Environmental life cycle assessment of a dairy product: the yoghurt

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Oven dried basis: the attainment of constant mass generally after drying in an oven set at 103 ± 2 °C for 24 h.

Aden A, Ruth M, Ibsen K, Jechura J, Neeves K, Sheenhan J, Wallace B, Montague L, Slayton A, Lukas J (2002) Lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol process design and economics utilizing co-current dilute acid prehydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis for corn stover. NREL/TP-510-32438. Colorado

Althaus HJ, Chudacoff M, Hischier R, Jungbluth N, Osses M, Primas A (2007) Life cycle inventories of chemicals. Ecoinvent report No. 8, v2.0. EMPA Dübendorf, Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories. Dübendorf

Bai Y, Luo L, van der Voet E (2010) Life cycle assessment of switchgrass-derived ethanol as transport fuel. Int J Life Cycle Assess 15:468–477CrossRef

Börjesson P, Tufvesson LM (2011) Agricultural crop-based biofuels—resource efficiency and environmental performance including direct land use changes. J Clean Prod 19:108–120CrossRef

Christersson L (2010) Wood production potential in poplar plantations in Sweden. Biomass Bioenerg 34:1289–1299CrossRef

de Paula Gomes MS, Muylaert de Araújo MS (2009) Bio-fuels production and the environmental indicators. Renew Sust Energ Rev 13:2201–2204CrossRef

Defra (2009) Experimental statistics non food crop areas in the United Kingdom. 15 pp

Dimitriou I, Aronsson P (2011) Wastewater and sewage sludge application to willows and poplars grown in lysimeters—plant response and treatment efficiency. Biomass Bioenerg 35:161–170CrossRef

Dimitriou I, Mola-Yudego B, Aronsson P, Eriksson J (2012) Changes in organic carbon and trace elements in the soil of willow short-rotation coppice plantations. Bioenerg Res 5(3):563–572CrossRef

Dones R, Bauer C, Bolliger R, Burger B, Faist Emmenegger M, Frischknecht R, Heck T, Jungbluth N, Röder A, Tuchschmid M (2007) Life cycle inventories of energy systems: results for current systems in Switzerland and other UCTE countries. Ecoinvent report No. 5. Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf

Eriksson O, Finnveden G, Ekvall T, Björklund A (2007) Life cycle assessment of fuels for district heating: a comparison of waste incineration, biomass- and natural gas combustion. Energ Pol 35:1346–1362CrossRef

Union E (2003) Directive 2003/30/EC of the European parliament and of the council, on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport. May 8:2003

Ewanick SM, Bura R, Saddler JN (2007) Acid-catalyzed steam pretreatment of Lodgepole pine and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation to ethanol. Biotechnol Bioeng 98:737–746CrossRef

Gasol CM, Gabarrell X, Anton A, Rigola M, Carrasco J, Ciria P, Solano ML, Rieradevall J (2007) Life cycle assessment of a Brassica carinata bioenergy cropping system in southern Europe. Biomass Bioenerg 31:543–555CrossRef

Gasol CM, Gabarrell X, Anton A, Rigola M, Carrasco J, Ciria P, Rieradevall J (2009) LCA of poplar bioenergy system compared with Brassica carinata energy crop and natural gas in regional scenario. Biomass Bioenerg 33:119–129CrossRef

González-García S, Moreira MT, Feijoo G (2010a) Environmental performance of lignocellulosic bioethanol production from alfalfa stems. Biofuels Bioprod Bioref 4:118–131CrossRef

González-García S, Moreira MT, Feijoo G (2010b) Comparative environmental performance of lignocellulosic ethanol from different feedstocks. Renew Sustain Energ Rev 14:2077–2085CrossRef

González-García S, Gasol CM, Gabarrell X, Rieradevall J, Moreira MT, Feijoo G (2010c) Environmental profile of ethanol from poplar biomass as transport fuel in Southern Europe. Renew Energ 35:1014–1023CrossRef

González-García S, Gasol CM, Gabarrell X, Rieradevall J, Moreira MT, Feijoo G (2009) Environmental aspects of ethanol-based fuels from Brassica carinata: a case study of second generation ethanol. Renew Sust Energ Rev 13:2613–2620CrossRef

González-García S, Mola-Yudego B, Murphy RJ (2012a) Environmental assessment of willow plantations for energy based on the Swedish commercial experience (1986–2005). Sci Total Environ 421–422:210–219CrossRef

González-García S, Moreira MT, Feijoo G, Murphy RJ (2012b) Comparative life cycle assessment of ethanol production from fast-growing wood crops (black locust, eucalyptus and poplar). Biomass Bioenerg 39:378–388CrossRef

Guinée JB, Gorrée M, Heijungs R, Huppes G, Kleijn R, De Koning A, Van Oers L, Wegener Sleeswijk A, Suh S, Udo de Haes HA, De Bruijn H, van Duin R, Huijbregts MAJ (2002) Handbook on life cycle assessment. Operational guide to the ISO standards. I: LCA in perspective. IIa: Guide. IIb: Operational annex. III: Scientific background. Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 1-4020-0228-9, Dordrecht, 692 pp

Halleux H, Lassaux S, Renzoni R, Germain A (2008) Comparative life cycle assessment of two biofuels. Ethanol from sugar beet and rapeseed methyl ester. Int J Life Cycle Assess 13:184–190CrossRef

Havlík P, Schneider UA, Schmid E, Böttcher H, Fritz S, Skalský R, Aoki K, De Cara S, Kindermann G, Kraxner F, Leduc S, McCallum I, Mosnier A, Sauer T, Obersteiner M (2011) Global land-use implications of first and second generation biofuel targets. Energ Pol 39:5690–5702CrossRef

Hedegaard K, Thyø KA, Wenzel H (2008) Life cycle assessment of an advanced bioethanol technology in the perspective of constrained biomass availability. Environ Sci Technol 42:7992–7999CrossRef

Heller MC, Keoleian GA, Mann MK, Volk TA (2004) Life cycle energy and environmental benefits of generating electricity from willow biomass. Renew Energ 29:1023–1042CrossRef

Humbird D, Davis R, Tao L, Kinchin C, Hsu D, Aden A, Schoen P, Lukas J, Olthof B, Worley M, Sexton D, Dudgeon D (2011) Process design and economics for biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol: dilute-acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover. NREL/TP-5100-47764. Colorado

ISO 14040 (2006) Environmental management—life cycle assessment—principles and framework

Jørgensen H, Bach Kristensen J, Felby C (2007) Enzymatic conversion of lignocellulose into fermentable sugars: challenges and opportunities. Biofuels Bioprod Bioref 1:119–134CrossRef

Joyce PJ (2010) Using scenario-based life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the present and future environmental impact of bioethanol production from genetically improved poplar wood in the EU. Master Thesis. Imperial College London, London

Kelly KJ, Bailey BK, Coburn TC, Clark W, Lissiuk P (1996) Federal test procedure emissions test results from ethanol variable-fuel vehicle Chevrolet Luminas, Society for Automotive Engineers International Spring Fuels and Lubricants meeting

Keoleian GA, Volk TA (2005) Renewable energy from willow biomass crops: life cycle energy, environmental and economic performance. Crit Rev Plant Sci 24:385–406CrossRef

Kim S, Dale BE (2004) Global potential bioethanol production from wasted crops and crop residues. Biomass Bioenerg 26:361–375CrossRef

Kim S, Dale BE (2006) Ethanol fuels: E10 or E85—life cycle perspectives. Int J Life Cycle Assess 11:11–121CrossRef

Kreith G, Goswami DY (2007) Handbook of energy efficiency and renewable energy. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL

Kumar S, Singh SP, Mishra IM, Adhikari DK (2009) Recent advances in production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. Chem Eng Technol 32:517–526CrossRef

Lechón Y, Cabal H, Sáez R (2005) Life cycle analysis of wheat and barley crops for bioethanol production in Spain. Int J Agric Resour Gov Ecol 4:113–122

Lillieblad L, Szpila A, Strand M, Pagels J, Rupar-Gadd K, Gudmundsson A, Swietlicki E, Bohgard M, Sanati M (2004) Boiler operation influence on the emissions of submicrometer-sized particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from biomass-fired grate boilers. Energ Fuel 18:410–417CrossRef

Luo L, van der Voet E, Huppes G (2009a) Life cycle assessment and life cycle costing of bioethanol from sugarcane in Brazil. Renew Sust Energ Rev 13:1613–1619CrossRef

Luo L, van der Voet E, Huppes G (2009b) An energy analysis of ethanol from cellulosic feedstock–corn stover. Renew Sust Energ Rev 13:2003–2011CrossRef

Mizsey P, Racz L (2010) Cleaner production alternatives: biomass utilisation options. J Clean Prod 18:767–770CrossRef

Mola-Yudego B (2010a) Regional potential yields of short rotation willow plantations on agricultural land in Northern Europe. Silva Fennica 44:63–76

Mola-Yudego B (2011) Trends and productivity improvements from commercial willow plantations in Sweden during the period 1986–2000. Biomass Bioenerg 35:446–453CrossRef

Mola-Yudego B, Aronsson P (2008) Yield models for commercial willow biomass plantations in Sweden. Biomass Bioenerg 32:829–837CrossRef

Mola-Yudego B, González-Olabarria JR (2010) Mapping the expansion and distribution of willow plantations for bioenergy in Sweden: lessons to be learned about the spread of energy crops. Biomass Bioenerg 34:442–448CrossRef

Nguyen TLT, Gheewala SH (2008a) Life cycle assessment of fuel ethanol from cassava in Thailand. Int J Life Cycle Assess 13:147–154CrossRef

Nguyen TLT, Gheewala SH (2008b) Life cycle assessment of fuel ethanol from cane molasses in Thailand. Int J Life Cycle Assess 13:301–311CrossRef

Pa A, Bi XT, Sokhansanj S (2011) A life cycle evaluation of wood pellet gasification for district heating in British Columbia. Biores Technol 102:6167–6177CrossRef

Pettersson E, Lindmark F, Öhman M, Nordin A, Westerholm R, Boman C (2010) Design changes in a fixed-bed pellet combustion device: effects of temperature and residence time on emission performance. Energ Fuel 24:1333–1340CrossRef

Rafaschieri A, Rapaccini M, Manfrida G (1999) Life cycle assessment of electricity production from poplar energy crops compared with conventional fossil fuels. Energ Convers Manag 40:1477–1493CrossRef

Reading AH, Norris JOW, Feest EA, Payne EL (2002) Ethanol emissions testing, AEAT unclassified, E&E/DDSE/02/021, 3

Reijnders L, Huijbregts MAJ (2007) Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, fossil fuel demand and solar energy conversion efficiency in European bioethanol production for automotive purposes. J Clean Prod 15:1806–1812CrossRef

Spatari S, Zhang Y, Maclean HL (2005) Life cycle assessment of switchgrass and corn stover-derived ethanol-fueled automobiles. Environ Sci Technol 39:9750–9758CrossRef

Statistics Sweden (2007) Arable land, hectares by crop and period; Energy forest. Retrieved at: http://www.scb.se/ (cited 21 November 2012)

Tan KT, Lee KT, Mohamed AR (2008) Role of energy policy in renewable energy accomplishment: the case of second-generation bioethanol. Energ Policy 36:3360–3365CrossRef

Taylor G (2008) Biofuels and the biorefinery concept. Energ Policy 36:4406–4409CrossRef

van Dam J, Faaij APC, Hilbert J, Petruzzi H, Turkenburg WC (2009) Large-scale bioenergy production from soybeans and switchgrass in Argentina. Part A: potential and economic feasibility for national and international markets. Renew Sust Energ Rev 13:1710–1733CrossRef

Venturi P, Gigler JK, Huisman W (1999) Economical and technical comparison between herbaceous (Miscanthus × Giganteous) and woody energy crops (Salix viminalis). Renew Energ 16:1023–1026CrossRef

Zhi Fu G, Chan AW, Minns DE (2003) Life cycle assessment of bio-ethanol derived from cellulose. Int J Life Cycle Assess 8:137–141CrossRef

Titel: Life cycle assessment of potential energy uses for short rotation willow biomass in Sweden
verfasst von: Sara González-García
Blas Mola-Yudego
Richard J. Murphy
Publikationsdatum: 01.05.2013
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment / Ausgabe 4/2013
Print ISSN: 0948-3349
Elektronische ISSN: 1614-7502
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-012-0536-2

Springer Professional

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results and discussion

Conclusions

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2013

Comparative LCA of multi-product processes with non-common products: a systematic approach applied to chlorine electrolysis technologies

Comparison of different normalised LCIA results and their feasibility in communication

Need for relevant timescales when crediting temporary carbon storage

Comparison of two ICT solutions: desktop PC versus thin client computing

Exploring variability in methods and data sensitivity in carbon footprints of feed ingredients

Inclusion of soil erosion impacts in life cycle assessment on a global scale: application to energy crops in Spain