1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction to AMP
BOF number | Start [year] | Modernization (rebuilding) [year] | Nominal productivity [Mg/year] | Total capacity [Mg] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1966 | 1998 | 1,000,000 | 160 |
2 | 1966 | 1988 | 1,000,000 | 160 |
3 | 1971 | 1978 | 1,000,000 | 160 |
Sludge source | Sludge components (mass wt.%) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fe | FeO | Cr | SiO2
| CaO | MgO | Al2O3
| Mn | Zn | Pb | Ni | Cd | C | S | |
Converter gas cleaning process | 63.62 | 1.52 | 0.04 | 1.30 | 2.35 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.34 | 1.60 | 0.31 | 0.01 | 0.005 | 0.40 | 0.04 |
2 Goal, scope, terminology and definitions
-
Develop generic Polish LCA method limited to LCI data for AMBOF input/output datasets in the steel production case study with the view to facilitating the range of emerging impact assessment methods in future studies covering the year 2005;
-
Produce national and regional LCI data suitable for the steel industry as well as other industries; and
-
Promote the development of LCI and/or LCA research in Poland.
-
Site-specific measured or calculated data (Mittal 2003);
-
Data from peer-reviewed literature;
-
LCA study carried out on behalf of the Management Department of the AGH University of Science and Technology, the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków (Kulczycka and Henclik 2009);
-
Study carried out by the Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering of the AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków (Mazur et al. 2006);
-
AMSPP Environmental Impact Report (Mittal 2007);
-
Company’s internal information (data obtained from personal communication with AMP Environmental Department director); and
-
Expert consultation.
Flux | Quantity | Units |
---|---|---|
Input | ||
Fuels and energy | ||
Natural gas | 10,671,997 | m3
|
Blast furnace gas | 755,094 | m3
|
Coke oven gas | 13,222,537 | m3
|
Electric energy | 45,003,611 | kWh |
Steam | 21,646.0323 | Mg |
Air | 107,592,526 | m3
|
Oxygen | 90,611,298 | m3
|
Heat | 16,779.87 | GJ |
Materials | ||
Pig iron (liquid) | 1,490,74 | Mg |
Pig iron (solid) | 470 | Mg |
Scrap (steel) | 394,344 | Mg |
Scrap (pig iron) | 4,866 | |
Slag forming materials (coagulator) | 537 | Mg |
Ferroalloys (Fe–Mn, Fe–Mn–Si, Fe–Si–Al, Fe–Si–C, Fe–P) | 12,014.8 | Mg |
Al | 4,244.8 | Mg |
Niob | 16.8 | Mg |
Carburizera
| 1,007 | Mg |
Lime | 100,696 | Mg |
Dolomite | 923 | Mg |
Industrial water | 12,246,295 | m3
|
Output | ||
Product | ||
Steel | 1,667,987 | Mg |
Emissions to air | ||
SO2
| 28.966 | Mg |
NO2
| 71.331 | Mg |
Dust | 752.05 | Mg |
Cr | 0.025 | Mg |
Cd | 0.024 | Mg |
Cu | 0.0216 | Mg |
Pb | 0.0156 | Mg |
Ni | 0.0163 | Mg |
Mn | 1.5694 | Mg |
CO | 540.449 | Mg |
CO2
| 138,377 | Mg |
CH4
| 0.364 | Mg |
Waste | ||
Slag | 276,709.64 | Mg |
Gas cleaning sludge | 16,749 | Mg |
Fe, steel | 24,532.038 | Mg |
Melting loss | 12,035.74 | Mg |
Consumed refractory materials | 68 | Mg |
Al | 2.69 | Mg |
Cu, brass, bronze | 45.1 | Mg |
Other waste | 1,635.84 | Mg |
Cables | 21.31 | Mg |
Municipal Solid Waste—MSW | 49.82 | Mg |
2.1 LCI of AMSP
3 LCI methodology
4 Air pollutants
4.1 CO2
Fuels | Unit | Year | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2004 | 2006 | 2007–2016 | ||
Blast furnace gas | m3/Mg steel | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 |
Coke oven gas | m3/Mg steel | 7.88 | 7.88 | 7.88 |
Natural gas | m3/Mg steel | 6.36 | 6.36 | 6.36 |
Electric energy | kWh/Mg steel | 26.82 | 26.82 | 26.82 |
Steam | kg/Mg steel | 12.9 | N/A | N/A |
Air | m
u
3
/Mg steel | 54 | N/A | N/A |
Oxygen | m
u
3
/Mg steel | 64.12 | N/A | N/A |
Heat | GJ/Mg steel | 0.01 | N/A | N/A |
Fuels | Unit | EU | AMBOF |
---|---|---|---|
Blast furnace gas | MJ/Mg liquid steel | N.A. | 0.45 |
Coke oven gas | MJ/Mg liquid steel | N.A. | 7.88 |
Natural gas | MJ/Mg liquid steel | 20–55 | 6.36 |
Electric energy | MJ/Mg liquid steel | 38–120 | 96.55 |
5 Water pollutants and particulate air pollution
6 Discussion
Component | Unit | Average value | Min–Max values |
---|---|---|---|
CO | vol.% | 72.5 | 55–80 |
H2
| vol.% | 3.3 | 2–10 |
CO2
| vol.% | 16.2 | 10–18 |
N2+Ar | vol.% | 8.0 | 8–26 |
Density | kg/m3
| 1.33 | 1.32–1.38 |
Upper calorific value | kJ/m3
| 9,515 | 7,000–10,000 |
Lower calorific value | kJ/m3
| 9,580 | 7,000–10,000 |