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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. International Consumer Protection in Mercosur

verfasst von : Alberto do Amaral Junior, Luciane Klein Vieira

Erschienen in: Consumer Law and Socioeconomic Development

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Historically, consumer protection originated in developed countries with the consolidation of the Fordist mass production model. However, in the American continent, consumer protection had a close relation to the import-substitution model, which took place in Brazil, in the second half of the twentieth century. In parallel, the imperative to ensure access to consumption to vast segments of the Brazilian population was a fundamental necessity.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Chinese Approaches to Reform Consumer Protection Law: Substantive Law and Conflict Law

Nächstes Kapitel 25 Years to Celebrate: Horizons Reached by the 1990 Brazilian Consumer Protection Code and Horizons to Come, Especially on the International Protection of Consumers

The law No. 24.240 was amended by various laws, among them: Law n° 24.568/1995 (Published in Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina, n° 28.260, on 31/10/1995); Law n° 24.787/1997 (Published in Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina, n° 28.617, on 2/4/1997); Law n° 24.999/1998 (Published in Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina, n° 28.948, on 30/7/1998); Law n° 26.361/2008 (Published in Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina, n° 31.378, on 7/4/2008); Law n° 26.993/2014 (Published in Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina, n° 32.972, on 19/9/2014) and Law n° 26.994/2014 (Published in Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina, n° 32.985, on 8/10/2014).

Regarding this law, see: Ruiz Díaz Labrano (2014), pp. 75–438.

Fellous (2003), p. 170.

Bourgoignie (2009), p. 51.

Law published in Diario Oficial (D.O), n° 25.368, on 30/9/1999.

Law published in Diario Oficial (D.O.), n° 25.583, on 17/8/2000.

Ribeiro and Zordan (2006), p. 469.

With respect to Venezuela and Bolivia, countries that subsequently joined MERCOSUR as full members, it is important to point out that, at present, Venezuela does not have a consumer protection law, due to the repeal of the DEPABIS Law (Law for the Defense of People in Access to Goods and Services), 2010. Thus, from 23/1/2014, when the Organic Law on Fair Prices (later amended on November 8, 2015), which explicitly repealed the legislation indicated, the Venezuelan consumer does not have a specific protective law. In Bolivia, the situation is different. On 6/12/2013, Law 453, known as the General Law of the Rights of Users and Consumers, was approved. (Published in Gaceta Oficial del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, n° 591NEC, on 6/12/2013), which regulates consumer rights in the country for the first time.

About the historical background of the bloc, see: Scotti (2013), pp. 62–64; Amaral Júnior (2015), pp. 453–461.

The new regionalism, a form of multilateralism that emerged from the demands of globalization since the 1980s, has as its main features: (a) broad trade liberalization with automatic tariff reductions; (b) market integration; (c) the inclusion of different materials of trade; (d) the low institutionalization and the existence of dispute resolution systems. Czar De Zalduendo (2013), p. 23.

Venezuela entered MERCOSUR after the suspension applied to Paraguay, which prevented it from participating in the decision-making bodies of the bloc when the democratic order had not been reestablished in the country, supposedly breached after the removal of former president Lugo. The treaty that incorporated the country to the bloc has been in force since 14/1/2014, when Paraguay finally deposited the instrument of ratification.

Stiglitz (1995), p. 1371.

Ata da Reunião de Ministros de Economia de 23/4/1994, item 2 “Coordenação de políticas macroeconômicas e intercâmbio comercial entre os países membros”, paragraph 2°. Available at: http://gd.mercosur.int/SAM/GestDoc/PubWeb.nsf/ListadoReunRealizadas?OpenForm&lang=POR, Accessed on 17/1/2016.

Bourgoignie. Op. cit., p. 47.

Regarding the stages in which Mercosur has passed during its existence, related to initiatives to protect the consumer, see: Marques (2009), pp. 368–379.

With the establishment of the Study Committee in April 1993, work on legislative harmonization of consumer law in GMC Subgroup No. 10 began. This Subgroup should prepare a document called “Basic Guidelines for Consumer Protection in Mercosur” and a set of basic, non-exhaustive standards that set a common minimum standard in this area. Marques (1999), p. 22.

Regarding the possibility of Mercosur to legislate on consumer law, it is interesting to note that the Treaty of Asunción and the Protocol of Ouro Preto did not expressly attribute this competence to the bloc. In practice, the implied power theory is adopted to support the work that has been done. Marques (1997), p. 89.

Marques. “Direitos do consumidor no MERCOSUL: algumas sugestões frente ao impasse”. Op. cit., p. 20.

The CT n° 7 was created by the Directive n° 1/1995 of CCM. Available at: http://www.mercosur.int/innovaportal/v/703/2/innova.front/directivas_1995, accessed on 7/1/2016.

Ministry of Justice (2015), p. 23.

See Ata n° 4, da LXXII Reunião Ordinária do CT n° 7, Anexo IV (Proposta de Curso MERCOSUL de Defesa do Consumidor). Brasília, 6 e 7/12/2012. Available at: http://www.mercosur.int/innovaportal/v/383/2/innova.front/busqueda_avanzada, accessed on 7/1/2016.

Marques (1997), p. 102.

The resolutions that form part of the Protocol Project are: (a) Resolution n° 123/1996, on qualification of consumer, supplier, consumption relationship, product and service; (b) Resolution n° 124/1996, on basic consumer rights; (c) Resolution n° 125/1996, on the quality level, risks, health and safety of products and services; (d) Resolution n° 126/1996 on misleading and abusive advertising; (e) Resolution n° 127/1996, on contractual guarantee.

About the topic, see: Vieira (2013), pp. 61–64.

Criticisms of this material delimitation can be found in: Klausner (2005), pp. 122–123.

All. “Mercosur”. In: Fernández Arroyo DP (ed) 2010, p. 627.

Dreyzin De Klor et al. (2003), pp. 198–199.

Wehner (2001), p. 156.

Tellechea Bergman (2002), p. 92.

About the topic, see: Vieira. Protección Internacional del Consumidor. Procesos de Escasa Cuantía en los Litigios Transfronterizos. Op. cit., pp. 73–75.

MERCOSUR/LV GMC/DI n° 12/2004. Available at: http://www.mercosur.int/msweb/SM/DefCons/es/Acu_Def_Cons_Vis_ES.pdf, Accessed on 19/1/2016. (Effective.)

The form to be presented by the tourist consumer is available at: http://www.procon.sp.gov.br/noticia.asp?id=3365; http://www.indepabis.gob.ve/MERCOSUR; http://www.consumidor.gub.uy/informacion/index.php?SectionCode=MENU&IndexId=433, both accessed on 7/2/2014.

Comments on the four different versions of the Project can be found at: Vieira (2015), pp. 159–179.

See Ata n° 3 da LXXXIX Reunião Ordinária do GMC. Anexo III. Cuiabá, 18/10/2012. Available at: http://www.MERCOSUR.int/innovaportal/file/4945/1/gmc_2012_ata03_pt.pdf, accessed on 19/1/2016.

According to art. 3 of the standard in comment, the commercial contracts between professional suppliers of goods and services, questions arising from the marital status of the persons and the capacity of the parties, the contractual obligations that had as main objective succession questions, testamentary matters, matrimonial property regime, among others, are excluded.

Marques (2013), p. 180.

MERCOSUR/GMC/RES. n° 34/2011. Published in: Boletín Oficial del MERCOSUR. N° 48. Available at: http://www.mercosur.int/innovaportal/v/3186/2/innova.front/resoluciones_2011, Accessed on 3/8/2015.

Notwithstanding the importance of the mentioned Resolution, it still lacks validity.

The entire content of the Project can be consulted in: Ata n° 01/2015 da LXXVII Reunião Ordinária do CT n° 7, Anexo VI. Brasília, 21 e 22/5/2015. Available at: http://www.mercosur.int/innovaportal/v/383/2/innova.front/busqueda_avanzada, Access on 19/1/2016.

See Ata n° 4/2012 da LXXII Reunião Ordinária do CT N° 7. Anexo IV. Brasília, 6 e 7/12/2012. Available at: http://www.mercosur.int/innovaportal/v/383/2/innova.front/busqueda_avanzada, Accessed on 19/1/2016.

See the bilingual version of the manual mentioned in: Ministry of Justice. National Consumer Secretariat. Senacon. Op. Cit., 414 pp.

All PM (2010) MERCOSUR. Consumer Protection in International Private Relationships – La Protection des Consommateurs dans les Relations Privées Internationales. CEDEP, Asunción

Amaral Júnior Ado (2015) Curso de Direito Internacional Público, 5ª ed. Atlas, São Paulo

Bourgoignie T (2009) Integración regional y la protección del consumidor en las Américas y en Europa. Intégration Économique Régionale et la Protection du Consommateur. Éditions Yvon Blais, Cowansville-Québec

Czar De Zalduendo S (2013) Integración: nociones generales. Integración económica e integración regional. In: Negro S (Dir.) Derecho de la Integración (Manual), 2ª ed. BdeF, Buenos Aires

Dreyzin De Klor A, Uriondo De Martinoli A, Noodt Taquela MB (2003) Dimensiones convencional e institucional de los sistemas de jurisdicción internacional de los Estados mercosureños. Derecho Internacional Privado de los Estados del MERCOSUR. Zavalia, Buenos Aires

Fellous BE (2003) Proteção do Consumidor no MERCOSUL e na União Europeia. Revista dos Tribunais, São Paulo

Klausner EA (2005) Jurisdição internacional em matéria de relações de consumo no MERCOSUL – sugestões para a reedição do Protocolo de Santa Maria. Revista de Direito do Consumidor. N° 54. Abr./Jun.

Marques CL (1997) Regulamento comum de defesa do consumidor do Mercosul – Primeiras observações sobre o Mercosul como legislador da proteção do consumidor. Revista de Direito do Consumidor. N° 23-24. Jul./Dez

Marques CL (1999) Direitos do consumidor no Mercosul: algumas sugestões frente ao impasse, Revista de Direito do Consumidor. N° 32. Out./dez.

Marques CL (2009) Consumer protection policy in Mercosur: an evolution. Regional Economic Integration and Consumer Protection. Ivon Blais, Québec

Marques CL (2013) Comércio eletrônico de consumo internacional: modelos de aplicação da lei mais favorável ao consumidor e do privilégio de foro. A Proteção do Consumidor no Brasil e no Quebec: diálogos de direito comparado. La Protection du Consommateur au Québec et au Brésil: échanges de droit compare. Editora da UFF, Niterói

Ministério da justiça (2015) Secretaria nacional do consumidor. Senacon. Manual de Defesa do Consumidor. MERCOSUL e Peru. MJ, Brasília

Ribeiro BM, Zordan FHZ (2006) A necessidade da harmonização legislativa no Mercosul para a proteção jurídica do consumidor. In: Menezes W (Coord.) Estudos de Direito Internacional – Anais do 4° Congresso Brasileiro de Direito Internacional – 2006, vol VI. Juruá, Curitiba

Ruiz Díaz Labrano R (2014) Derechos del Consumidor y del Usuario de Servicios. Ley n° 1334/98 de Defensa del Consumidor y del Usuario. La Ley, Asunción

Scotti LB (2013) El derecho de la integración en el MERCOSUR. In: Inegro S (Dir.) Derecho de la Integración (Manual), 2ª ed. BdeF, Buenos Aires

Stiglitz G (1995) El derecho del consumidor en Argentina y en el MERCOSUR. La Ley, Tomo

Tellechea Bergman E (2002) La Dimensión Judicial del Caso Privado Internacional en el Ámbito Regional. Fundación de Cultura Universitaria, Montevideo

Vieira LK (2013) Protección Internacional del Consumidor. Procesos de Escasa Cuantía en los Litigios Transfronterizos. BdeF, Montevideo-Buenos Aires

Vieira LK (2015) El Proyecto de Acuerdo del MERCOSUR sobre Derecho Aplicable en Materia de Contratos Internacionales de Consumo. Revista de Direito do Consumidor. N° 99. Mai./Jun.

Wehner U (2001) Contratos internacionais: proteção processual do consumidor, integração econômica e internet. Revista de Direito do Consumidor. N° 38. Abr./Jun.

Titel: International Consumer Protection in Mercosur
verfasst von: Alberto do Amaral Junior
Luciane Klein Vieira
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Consumer Law and Socioeconomic Development
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-55623-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-55624-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55624-6_8