Skip to main content

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Layout-Driven Top-Down Saliency Detection for Webpage

verfasst von : Xixi Li, Di Liu, Kao Zhang, Zhenzhong Chen

Erschienen in: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing – PCM 2017

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Webpage is a significant part of internet content and a pervasive medium for information communication. Studying the distribution properties of eye fixation for webpage can help improve the quality of webpage design. In this paper, we investigate the web-viewing behavior caused by webpage layout and propose a novel webpage saliency method based on this top-down knowledge. We derive a layout saliency map by probability model as top-down knowledge according to different layout styles and incorporate it with the bottom-up saliency map computed by conventional models. Experimental results demonstrate that with the proposed layout-driven top-down saliency, webpage saliency detection can be improved for almost all the conventional saliency models.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Butkiewicz, M., Wang, D., Wu, Z., et al.: Klotski: reprioritizing web content to improve user experience on mobile devices. In: 12th USENIX Symposium on Network Systems Design and Implementation, pp. 439–453 (2015) Butkiewicz, M., Wang, D., Wu, Z., et al.: Klotski: reprioritizing web content to improve user experience on mobile devices. In: 12th USENIX Symposium on Network Systems Design and Implementation, pp. 439–453 (2015)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Netravali, R., Goyal, A., Mickens, J., et al.: Polaris: faster page loads using fine-grained dependency tracking. In: 13th USENIX Symposium on Network Systems Design and Implementation, pp. 123–136 (2016) Netravali, R., Goyal, A., Mickens, J., et al.: Polaris: faster page loads using fine-grained dependency tracking. In: 13th USENIX Symposium on Network Systems Design and Implementation, pp. 123–136 (2016)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang, X.S., Balasubramanian, A., Krishnamurthy, A., et al.: Demystifying page load performance with WProf. In: 10th USENIX Symposium on Network Systems Design and Implementation, pp. 473–485 (2013) Wang, X.S., Balasubramanian, A., Krishnamurthy, A., et al.: Demystifying page load performance with WProf. In: 10th USENIX Symposium on Network Systems Design and Implementation, pp. 473–485 (2013)
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Eaton, K.: How one second could cost Amazon $1.6 billion in sales. In: Fast Company (2012) Eaton, K.: How one second could cost Amazon $1.6 billion in sales. In: Fast Company (2012)
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Shih, L.K., Karger, D.R.: Using URLs and table layout for web classification tasks. In: 13th International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 193–202. ACM Press, New York (2004) Shih, L.K., Karger, D.R.: Using URLs and table layout for web classification tasks. In: 13th International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 193–202. ACM Press, New York (2004)
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Bylinskii, Z., Borkin, M.A., Kim, N.W., Pfister, H., Oliva, A.: Eye fixation metrics for large scale evaluation and comparison of information visualizations. In: Burch, M., Chuang, L., Fisher, B., Schmidt, A., Weiskopf, D. (eds.) ETVIS 2015. MV, pp. 235–255. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47024-5_14CrossRef Bylinskii, Z., Borkin, M.A., Kim, N.W., Pfister, H., Oliva, A.: Eye fixation metrics for large scale evaluation and comparison of information visualizations. In: Burch, M., Chuang, L., Fisher, B., Schmidt, A., Weiskopf, D. (eds.) ETVIS 2015. MV, pp. 235–255. Springer, Cham (2017). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​978-3-319-47024-5_​14CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Pang, X., Cao, Y., Lau, R.W., Chan, A.B.: Directing user attention via visual flow on web designs. ACM Trans. Graph. 35, 1–11 (2016)CrossRef Pang, X., Cao, Y., Lau, R.W., Chan, A.B.: Directing user attention via visual flow on web designs. ACM Trans. Graph. 35, 1–11 (2016)CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Eraslan, S., Yesilada, Y., Harper, S.: Eye tracking scanpath analysis on web pages: how many users? In: 9th Biennial ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications, pp. 103–110. ACM Press, New York (2016) Eraslan, S., Yesilada, Y., Harper, S.: Eye tracking scanpath analysis on web pages: how many users? In: 9th Biennial ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications, pp. 103–110. ACM Press, New York (2016)
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Itti, L., Koch, C.: A saliency-based search mechanism for overt and covert shifts of visual attention. Vis. Res. 40, 1489–1506 (2000)CrossRef Itti, L., Koch, C.: A saliency-based search mechanism for overt and covert shifts of visual attention. Vis. Res. 40, 1489–1506 (2000)CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat He, S., Lau, R.W., Yang, Q.: Exemplar-driven top-down saliency detection via deep association. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 5723–5732. IEEE Press, New York (2016) He, S., Lau, R.W., Yang, Q.: Exemplar-driven top-down saliency detection via deep association. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 5723–5732. IEEE Press, New York (2016)
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Kootstra, G., de Boer, B., Schomaker, L.R.: Predicting eye fixations on complex visual stimuli using local symmetry. Cogn. Comput. 3, 223–240 (2011)CrossRef Kootstra, G., de Boer, B., Schomaker, L.R.: Predicting eye fixations on complex visual stimuli using local symmetry. Cogn. Comput. 3, 223–240 (2011)CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Still, J.D., Masciocchi, C.M.: A saliency model predicts fixations in web interfaces. In: 5th International Workshop on Model Driven Development of Advanced User Interfaces, pp. 25–28. MDDAUI, Georgia (2010) Still, J.D., Masciocchi, C.M.: A saliency model predicts fixations in web interfaces. In: 5th International Workshop on Model Driven Development of Advanced User Interfaces, pp. 25–28. MDDAUI, Georgia (2010)
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Buscher, G., Cutrell, E., Morris, M.R.: What do you see when you’re surfing?: using eye tracking to predict salient regions of web pages. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 21–30. ACM Press, New York (2009) Buscher, G., Cutrell, E., Morris, M.R.: What do you see when you’re surfing?: using eye tracking to predict salient regions of web pages. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 21–30. ACM Press, New York (2009)
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Cho, C.H., University of Texas at Austin: Why do people avoid advertising on the internet? J. Advert. 33, 89–97 (2004)CrossRef Cho, C.H., University of Texas at Austin: Why do people avoid advertising on the internet? J. Advert. 33, 89–97 (2004)CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Hervet, G., Gurard, K., Tremblay, S., Chtourou, M.S.: Is banner blindness genuine? Eye tracking internet text advertising. Appl. Cogn. Psychol. 25, 708–716 (2011)CrossRef Hervet, G., Gurard, K., Tremblay, S., Chtourou, M.S.: Is banner blindness genuine? Eye tracking internet text advertising. Appl. Cogn. Psychol. 25, 708–716 (2011)CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Josephson, S., Holmes, M.E.: Visual attention to repeated internet images: testing the scanpath theory on the world wide web. In: Proceedings of the 2002 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications, pp. 43–49. ACM Press, New York (2002) Josephson, S., Holmes, M.E.: Visual attention to repeated internet images: testing the scanpath theory on the world wide web. In: Proceedings of the 2002 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications, pp. 43–49. ACM Press, New York (2002)
21.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Donovan, P., Agarwala, A., Hertzmann, A.: Learning layouts for single-pagegraphic designs. IEEE Trans. Visual Comput. Graph. 20, 1200–1213 (2014)CrossRef O’Donovan, P., Agarwala, A., Hertzmann, A.: Learning layouts for single-pagegraphic designs. IEEE Trans. Visual Comput. Graph. 20, 1200–1213 (2014)CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, L., Tong, M.H., Marks, T.K., Shan, H., Cottrell, G.W.: SUN: a Bayesian framework for saliency using natural statistics. J. Vis. 8, 32 (2008)CrossRef Zhang, L., Tong, M.H., Marks, T.K., Shan, H., Cottrell, G.W.: SUN: a Bayesian framework for saliency using natural statistics. J. Vis. 8, 32 (2008)CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, Z., Yuan, J., Tan, Y.P.: Hybrid saliency detection for images. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 20, 95–98 (2013)CrossRef Chen, Z., Yuan, J., Tan, Y.P.: Hybrid saliency detection for images. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 20, 95–98 (2013)CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Harel, J., Koch, C., Perona, P.: Graph-based visual saliency. In: NIPS (2006) Harel, J., Koch, C., Perona, P.: Graph-based visual saliency. In: NIPS (2006)
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruce, N., Tsotsos, J.: Attention based on information maximization. J. Vis. 7, 950 (2007)CrossRef Bruce, N., Tsotsos, J.: Attention based on information maximization. J. Vis. 7, 950 (2007)CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Goferman, S., Zelnik-Manor, L., Tal, A.: Context-aware saliency detection. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 34, 1915–1926 (2012)CrossRef Goferman, S., Zelnik-Manor, L., Tal, A.: Context-aware saliency detection. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 34, 1915–1926 (2012)CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Erdem, E., Erdem, A.: Visual saliency estimation by nonlinearly integrating features using region covariances. J. Vis. 13, 11 (2013)CrossRef Erdem, E., Erdem, A.: Visual saliency estimation by nonlinearly integrating features using region covariances. J. Vis. 13, 11 (2013)CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang, C., Zhang, L., Lu, H.: Graph-regularized saliency detection with convex-hull-based center prior. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 20, 637–640 (2013)CrossRef Yang, C., Zhang, L., Lu, H.: Graph-regularized saliency detection with convex-hull-based center prior. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 20, 637–640 (2013)CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Jiang, B., Zhang, L., Lu, H., Yang, C., Yang, M.H.: Saliency detection via absorbing Markov chain. In: The IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1665–1672. IEEE Press, New York (2013) Jiang, B., Zhang, L., Lu, H., Yang, C., Yang, M.H.: Saliency detection via absorbing Markov chain. In: The IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1665–1672. IEEE Press, New York (2013)
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Margolin, R., Tal, A., Zelnik-Manor, L.: What makes a patch distinct? In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1139–1146. IEEE Press, New York (2013) Margolin, R., Tal, A., Zelnik-Manor, L.: What makes a patch distinct? In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1139–1146. IEEE Press, New York (2013)
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu, W., Liang, S., Wei, Y., Sun, J.: Saliency optimization from robust background detection. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2814–2821. IEEE Press, New York (2004) Zhu, W., Liang, S., Wei, Y., Sun, J.: Saliency optimization from robust background detection. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2814–2821. IEEE Press, New York (2004)
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Seo, H.J., Milanfar, P.: Static and space-time visual saliency detection by self-resemblance. J. Vis. 9, 15 (2009)CrossRef Seo, H.J., Milanfar, P.: Static and space-time visual saliency detection by self-resemblance. J. Vis. 9, 15 (2009)CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Murray, N., Vanrell, M., Otazu, X., Parraga, C.A.: Saliency estimation using a non-parametric low-level vision model. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 433–440. IEEE Press, New York (2011) Murray, N., Vanrell, M., Otazu, X., Parraga, C.A.: Saliency estimation using a non-parametric low-level vision model. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 433–440. IEEE Press, New York (2011)
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Duan, L., Wu, C., Miao, J., Qing, L., Fu, Y.: Visual saliency detection by spatially weighted dissimilarity. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 473–480. IEEE Press, New York (2011) Duan, L., Wu, C., Miao, J., Qing, L., Fu, Y.: Visual saliency detection by spatially weighted dissimilarity. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 473–480. IEEE Press, New York (2011)
Metadaten
Titel
Layout-Driven Top-Down Saliency Detection for Webpage
verfasst von
Xixi Li
Di Liu
Kao Zhang
Zhenzhong Chen
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77383-4_43

Neuer Inhalt