Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Sustainable Water Resources Management 2/2019

27.06.2018 | Original Article

Riverbank filtration: a case study of four sites in the hilly regions of Uttarakhand, India

verfasst von: Medalson Ronghang, Ankush Gupta, Indu Mehrotra, Pradeep Kumar, Pooran Patwal, Sudhir Kumar, Thomas Grischek, Cornelius Sandhu

Erschienen in: Sustainable Water Resources Management | Ausgabe 2/2019

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Riverbank filtration (RBF) schemes based on the filtration of the river water through adjacent aquifers have been successfully implemented in the plains globally. In the mountainous regions, alluvial aquifers are generally narrow and restricted to the riverbanks. The present study assesses the possibility and potential of RBF in the lower Himalayan region for drinking water supply. Production wells (18–30 m deep) were commissioned on the banks of the rivers (1) Alaknanda in Srinagar (546 m a.m.s.l.) and Kaleshwar (Karnaprayag; 778 m a.m.s.l.); (2) East Nayar in Satpuli (576 m a.m.s.l.) and (3) Mandakini in Agastyamuni (783 m a.m.s.l.) in Uttarakhand, India. Waters from the rivers, production wells, and hand pumps were analyzed for major ions, coliforms and stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H). The wells delivered coliform- and turbidity-free water even during monsoon. The proportion of the bank filtrate was site specific and also varied from monsoon to non-monsoon periods. The Satpuli scheme draws almost completely bank filtrate round the year. The other three schemes substantially draw groundwater and its proportion increases in monsoon. In Srinagar, the well water was chemically similar to the ground water but isotopically similar to the river water. The region also has a complex hydrology with paths that deliver river water containing coliforms and even suspended silt up to ~ 0.5 km inland. A severe flooding event during the study period affected the RBF sites in Srinagar and Kaleshwar, thereby indicating the need to make RBF wells flood proof. In general, the study shows RBF to be an effective and sustainable option to supply drinking water in a few regions of lower Himalayas.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Andermann C, Bonnet S, Crave A, Davy P, Longuevergne L, Gloaguen R (2012) Sediment transfer and the hydrological cycle of Himalayan rivers in Nepal. CR Geosci 344:627–635CrossRef Andermann C, Bonnet S, Crave A, Davy P, Longuevergne L, Gloaguen R (2012) Sediment transfer and the hydrological cycle of Himalayan rivers in Nepal. CR Geosci 344:627–635CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat APHA, AWWA, WEF (2005) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st edn, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC APHA, AWWA, WEF (2005) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st edn, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC
Zurück zum Zitat Cady P, Boving TB, Choudri BS, Cording A, Patil K, Reddy V (2013) Attenuation of bacteria at riverbank filtration site in rural India. Water Environ Res 85(11):2164–2174CrossRef Cady P, Boving TB, Choudri BS, Cording A, Patil K, Reddy V (2013) Attenuation of bacteria at riverbank filtration site in rural India. Water Environ Res 85(11):2164–2174CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Caldwell TG (2006) Presentation of data for factors significant to yield from several riverbank filtration systems in the U.S. and Europe. In: Hubbs SA (ed) Riverbank filtration hydrology. Springer, Dordrecht Caldwell TG (2006) Presentation of data for factors significant to yield from several riverbank filtration systems in the U.S. and Europe. In: Hubbs SA (ed) Riverbank filtration hydrology. Springer, Dordrecht
Zurück zum Zitat Chakrapani GJ, Saini RK (2009) Temporal and spatial variations in water discharge and sediment load in Alaknanda and Bhagirathi Rivers in Himalaya, India. J Asian Earth Sci 35:545–553CrossRef Chakrapani GJ, Saini RK (2009) Temporal and spatial variations in water discharge and sediment load in Alaknanda and Bhagirathi Rivers in Himalaya, India. J Asian Earth Sci 35:545–553CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dash RR, Mehrotra I, Kumar P, Grischek T (2008) Lake bank filtration at Nainital, India: water-quality evaluation. Hydrogeol J 16(6):1089–1099CrossRef Dash RR, Mehrotra I, Kumar P, Grischek T (2008) Lake bank filtration at Nainital, India: water-quality evaluation. Hydrogeol J 16(6):1089–1099CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dash RR, Prakash EVPB., Kumar P, Mehrotra I, Sandhu C, Grischek T (2010) River bank filtration in Haridwar, India: removal of turbidity, organics and bacteria. Hydrogeol J 18(4):973–983CrossRef Dash RR, Prakash EVPB., Kumar P, Mehrotra I, Sandhu C, Grischek T (2010) River bank filtration in Haridwar, India: removal of turbidity, organics and bacteria. Hydrogeol J 18(4):973–983CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dillon P, Jiménez B (2008) Water reuse via aquifer recharge: intentional and unintentional practices. In: Jiméne B, Asano T (eds) An international survey of current practice, issues and needs. IWA Publishing, London, pp 260–280 Dillon P, Jiménez B (2008) Water reuse via aquifer recharge: intentional and unintentional practices. In: Jiméne B, Asano T (eds) An international survey of current practice, issues and needs. IWA Publishing, London, pp 260–280
Zurück zum Zitat Dupuit J (1863) Etudes theoriqueset pratiquessur le mouvement des eaux dans les canaux decouvert set a travers les terrains permeables. 2nd edn; Dunot Paris, 304 p. In Kruseman GP, de Ridder NA (1973) Analysis and evaluation of pumping test data. Int Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, Wageningen, ISBN 3-481-14811-9 Dupuit J (1863) Etudes theoriqueset pratiquessur le mouvement des eaux dans les canaux decouvert set a travers les terrains permeables. 2nd edn; Dunot Paris, 304 p. In Kruseman GP, de Ridder NA (1973) Analysis and evaluation of pumping test data. Int Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, Wageningen, ISBN 3-481-14811-9
Zurück zum Zitat Eckert P, Irmscher R (2006) Over 130 years of experience with Riverbank Filtration in Dusseldorf, Germany. Aqua 55:283–291 Eckert P, Irmscher R (2006) Over 130 years of experience with Riverbank Filtration in Dusseldorf, Germany. Aqua 55:283–291
Zurück zum Zitat Grischek T, Nestler W, Dehnert J, Neitzel P (1994) Groundwater/river interaction in the Elbe river basin in Saxony. In: Stanford JA, Vallett HM (eds) Ground water ecology. American Water Resources Association, Herndon, Virginia, pp 309–318 Grischek T, Nestler W, Dehnert J, Neitzel P (1994) Groundwater/river interaction in the Elbe river basin in Saxony. In: Stanford JA, Vallett HM (eds) Ground water ecology. American Water Resources Association, Herndon, Virginia, pp 309–318
Zurück zum Zitat Grischek T, Schoenheinz D, Worch E, Hiscock K (2002) Bank filtration in Europe—an overview of aquifer conditions and hydraulic controls. In: Dillon P (ed) Management of aquifer recharge for sustainability. Balkema Publ., Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, pp 485–488 Grischek T, Schoenheinz D, Worch E, Hiscock K (2002) Bank filtration in Europe—an overview of aquifer conditions and hydraulic controls. In: Dillon P (ed) Management of aquifer recharge for sustainability. Balkema Publ., Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, pp 485–488
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta S (2014) Ground Water Scenario of Himalayan Region, India. Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, Faridabad Gupta S (2014) Ground Water Scenario of Himalayan Region, India. Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, Faridabad
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta A, Ronghang M, Kumar P, Mehrotra I, Kumar S, Grischek T, Sandhu C, Knoeller K (2015a) Nitrate contamination of riverbank filtrate at Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India: a case of geogenic mineralization. J Hydrol 531:626–637CrossRef Gupta A, Ronghang M, Kumar P, Mehrotra I, Kumar S, Grischek T, Sandhu C, Knoeller K (2015a) Nitrate contamination of riverbank filtrate at Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India: a case of geogenic mineralization. J Hydrol 531:626–637CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta A, Singh H, Ahmed F, Mehrotra I, Kumar P, Kumar S, Grischek T, Sandhu C (2015b) Lake bank filtration in landslide debris: irregular hydrology with effective filtration. Sustain Water Resour Manag 1(1):15–26CrossRef Gupta A, Singh H, Ahmed F, Mehrotra I, Kumar P, Kumar S, Grischek T, Sandhu C (2015b) Lake bank filtration in landslide debris: irregular hydrology with effective filtration. Sustain Water Resour Manag 1(1):15–26CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Heeger D (1987) Investigations on clogging of river beds. Doctoral Dissertation, Division of Water Sciences, TU Dresden Heeger D (1987) Investigations on clogging of river beds. Doctoral Dissertation, Division of Water Sciences, TU Dresden
Zurück zum Zitat Hubbs SA (2006) Evaluating streambed forces impacting the capacity of riverbed filtration systems. In: Hubbs SA (ed) Riverbank filtration hydrology. Springer, DordrechtCrossRef Hubbs SA (2006) Evaluating streambed forces impacting the capacity of riverbed filtration systems. In: Hubbs SA (ed) Riverbank filtration hydrology. Springer, DordrechtCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat IS:10500 (2012) Indian standard: drinking water specifications. Publication of Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi IS:10500 (2012) Indian standard: drinking water specifications. Publication of Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi
Zurück zum Zitat Kimothi PC, Dimri DD, Adlakha LK, Kumar S, Rawat OP, Patwal PS, Grischek T, Sandhu C, Ebermann J, Ruppert M, Dobhal R, Ronghang M, Kumar P, Mehrotra I, Uniyal HP (2012) Development of riverbank filtration in Uttarakhand. J Indian Water Works Assoc 2012:13–18 Kimothi PC, Dimri DD, Adlakha LK, Kumar S, Rawat OP, Patwal PS, Grischek T, Sandhu C, Ebermann J, Ruppert M, Dobhal R, Ronghang M, Kumar P, Mehrotra I, Uniyal HP (2012) Development of riverbank filtration in Uttarakhand. J Indian Water Works Assoc 2012:13–18
Zurück zum Zitat Kuehn W, Mueller U (2002) Riverbank filtration: an overview. J AWWA 92(12):60–69CrossRef Kuehn W, Mueller U (2002) Riverbank filtration: an overview. J AWWA 92(12):60–69CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kumar B, Rai SP, Kumar US, Verma SK, Garg P, Vijaya Kumar SV, Jaiswal R, Purendra BK, Kumar SR, Pande NG (2010) Isotopic characteristic of Indian precipitation. Wat Res Res 46:W12548CrossRef Kumar B, Rai SP, Kumar US, Verma SK, Garg P, Vijaya Kumar SV, Jaiswal R, Purendra BK, Kumar SR, Pande NG (2010) Isotopic characteristic of Indian precipitation. Wat Res Res 46:W12548CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kumar P, Mehrotra I, Boernick H, Schmalz V, Worch E, Schmidt W, Grischek T (2012) Riverbank filtration: an alternative to pre-chlorination. J Indian Water Works Association, Special Issue, December 2012, pp 50–58 Kumar P, Mehrotra I, Boernick H, Schmalz V, Worch E, Schmidt W, Grischek T (2012) Riverbank filtration: an alternative to pre-chlorination. J Indian Water Works Association, Special Issue, December 2012, pp 50–58
Zurück zum Zitat Kumari S (2015) Organic micropollutants in the River Yamuna and Ranny Wells in Central Delhi. Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Eng., Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India Kumari S (2015) Organic micropollutants in the River Yamuna and Ranny Wells in Central Delhi. Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Eng., Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
Zurück zum Zitat Lee SI, Lee SS (2009) Site suitability analysis for riverbank filtration in the Han River, Korea. In Zhang C, Tang H (eds) Advances in water resources and hydraulic engineering. In: Proc 16th IAHR-APD Congress and 3rd Symp of IAHR-ISHS, Springer, pp 236–239 Lee SI, Lee SS (2009) Site suitability analysis for riverbank filtration in the Han River, Korea. In Zhang C, Tang H (eds) Advances in water resources and hydraulic engineering. In: Proc 16th IAHR-APD Congress and 3rd Symp of IAHR-ISHS, Springer, pp 236–239
Zurück zum Zitat Lorenzen G, Sprenger C, Taute T, Pekdeger A, Mittal A, Massmann G (2010) Assessemnt of the potential for bank filtration in a water-stressed megacity (Delhi, India). Env Earth Sci 61(7):1419–1434CrossRef Lorenzen G, Sprenger C, Taute T, Pekdeger A, Mittal A, Massmann G (2010) Assessemnt of the potential for bank filtration in a water-stressed megacity (Delhi, India). Env Earth Sci 61(7):1419–1434CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Panwar S, Chakrapani GJ (2016) Seasonal variability of grain size, weathering intensity, and provenance of channel sediments in the Alaknanda River Basin, an upstream of river Ganga. India Environ Earth Sci 75:998CrossRef Panwar S, Chakrapani GJ (2016) Seasonal variability of grain size, weathering intensity, and provenance of channel sediments in the Alaknanda River Basin, an upstream of river Ganga. India Environ Earth Sci 75:998CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ray C (2008) Worldwide potential of riverbank filtration. Clean Technol Environ Policy 10(3):223–225CrossRef Ray C (2008) Worldwide potential of riverbank filtration. Clean Technol Environ Policy 10(3):223–225CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ray C, Grischek T, Schubert J, Wang JZ, Speth TF (2002) A perspective of riverbank filtration. J AWWA 94(4):149–160CrossRef Ray C, Grischek T, Schubert J, Wang JZ, Speth TF (2002) A perspective of riverbank filtration. J AWWA 94(4):149–160CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ray C, Melin G, Linsky RB (2003) Riverbank filtration: improving source-water quality. Kluwer Academic Publishers, DordrechtCrossRef Ray C, Melin G, Linsky RB (2003) Riverbank filtration: improving source-water quality. Kluwer Academic Publishers, DordrechtCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ray C, Jasperse J, Grischek T (2011) Bank filtration as natural filtration. In Ray C, Jain R (eds) Drinking water treatment, focusing on appropriate technology and sustainability. Springer Dordrecht, pp 93–158 Ray C, Jasperse J, Grischek T (2011) Bank filtration as natural filtration. In Ray C, Jain R (eds) Drinking water treatment, focusing on appropriate technology and sustainability. Springer Dordrecht, pp 93–158
Zurück zum Zitat Saini B, Mehrotra I, Kumar P, Verma R (2013) Insight of riverbank filtration system at Haridwar for enhancement of drinking water quality. Int J Curr Eng Technol 3(4):1264–1270 Saini B, Mehrotra I, Kumar P, Verma R (2013) Insight of riverbank filtration system at Haridwar for enhancement of drinking water quality. Int J Curr Eng Technol 3(4):1264–1270
Zurück zum Zitat Sandhu C, Grischek T, Kumar P, Ray C (2011) Potential for riverbank filtration in India. Clean Technol Environ Policy 13(2):295–316CrossRef Sandhu C, Grischek T, Kumar P, Ray C (2011) Potential for riverbank filtration in India. Clean Technol Environ Policy 13(2):295–316CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Schubert J (2002) Hydraulic aspects of riverbank filtration—field studies. J Hydrol 266(3):145–161CrossRef Schubert J (2002) Hydraulic aspects of riverbank filtration—field studies. J Hydrol 266(3):145–161CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Semwal N, Akolkar P (2006) Water quality assessment of sacred Himalayan rivers of Uttaranchal. Curr Sci 91(4):486–496 Semwal N, Akolkar P (2006) Water quality assessment of sacred Himalayan rivers of Uttaranchal. Curr Sci 91(4):486–496
Zurück zum Zitat Singh P, Kumar P, Mehrotra I, Grischek T (2010) Impact of Riverbank Filtration on Treatment of Polluted River Water. J Environ Manag 91(5):1055–1062CrossRef Singh P, Kumar P, Mehrotra I, Grischek T (2010) Impact of Riverbank Filtration on Treatment of Polluted River Water. J Environ Manag 91(5):1055–1062CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sprenger C, Lorenzen G, Grunert A, Ronghang M, Dizer H, Selinka HC, Szewzyk R (2014) Removal of indigenous coliphages and enteric viruses during riverbank filtration from highly polluted river water in Delhi (India). J Water Health 12(2):332–342CrossRef Sprenger C, Lorenzen G, Grunert A, Ronghang M, Dizer H, Selinka HC, Szewzyk R (2014) Removal of indigenous coliphages and enteric viruses during riverbank filtration from highly polluted river water in Delhi (India). J Water Health 12(2):332–342CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sprenger C, Hartog N, Hernández M, Vilanova E, Grützmacher G, Scheibler F, Hannappel S (2017) Inventory of managed aquifer recharge sites in Europe: historical development, current situation and perspectives. Hydrogeol J 25:1909–1922CrossRef Sprenger C, Hartog N, Hernández M, Vilanova E, Grützmacher G, Scheibler F, Hannappel S (2017) Inventory of managed aquifer recharge sites in Europe: historical development, current situation and perspectives. Hydrogeol J 25:1909–1922CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thiem G (1906) Hydrologische Methoden. Gebhardt, Leipzig, 56. In Kruseman GP, de Ridder NA (1973) Analysis and evaluation of pumping test data. Int Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, Wageningen. ISBN 3-481-148119 Thiem G (1906) Hydrologische Methoden. Gebhardt, Leipzig, 56. In Kruseman GP, de Ridder NA (1973) Analysis and evaluation of pumping test data. Int Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, Wageningen. ISBN 3-481-148119
Metadaten
Titel
Riverbank filtration: a case study of four sites in the hilly regions of Uttarakhand, India
verfasst von
Medalson Ronghang
Ankush Gupta
Indu Mehrotra
Pradeep Kumar
Pooran Patwal
Sudhir Kumar
Thomas Grischek
Cornelius Sandhu
Publikationsdatum
27.06.2018
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
Sustainable Water Resources Management / Ausgabe 2/2019
Print ISSN: 2363-5037
Elektronische ISSN: 2363-5045
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-018-0255-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2019

Sustainable Water Resources Management 2/2019 Zur Ausgabe