Recycling

Recycling of abandoned waste bottom ash has been a key issue in Republic of Korea in terms of environmental protection as well as economic concern. In this work, a method for recycling of abandoned bottom ash has been discussed based on the …

Trust plays a critical role in determining social welfare in the digital economy and has significant socioeconomic implications. To investigate the relationship between trust and social welfare in this context, we developed a social welfare …

Every year, up to 0.3 million tonnes of waste from the European shipping industry is not properly delivered at ports. Most of the waste produced by the shipping industry is plastic waste, putting plastics at the forefront of the shipping …

High-reliability landing systems for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have gained extensive attention for their applicability in complex wild environments. Accurate locating, flexible tracking, and reliable recovery are the main challenges in drone …

Next let us consider the second paradigm—“The Limited Earth.” The problems caused by the fact that the Earth is limited are far-reaching. These include not only energy, resources, global warming, air pollution, water pollution, ground pollution, food

This chapter discusses the non-crystalline state. In it, we make a distinction between amorphous and disordered materials, and we introduce the concept of short-range order. Models of amorphous materials based on either hard spheres or networks …

The basic relationships among internal energy, enthalpy, free energy, entropy, and equilibrium constant are given. Bond dissociation enthalpies, their values, and their applications are introduced. Process chemical cycles and isothermal chemical …

This chapter covers the nonradioactive elements of Group 17 (F to I), commonly called the halogens. Many properties of these elements are tabulated. There is extensive coverage of the natural sources and preparations of these elements, their …