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Synthesis and Properties of Biodegradable Polymers Used as Synthetic Matrices for Tissue Engineering

  • Chapter
Synthetic Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds

Abstract

Organ or tissue failure remains a frequent, costly, and serious problem in health care despite advances in medical technology. The large number of patients suffering from tissue losses or organ failures is demonstrated by the approximately 8 million surgical procedures and 40 to 90 million hospital days required annually to treat these problems (Langer and Vacanti, 1993). Available treatments now include transplantation of organs from one individual to another, performing surgical reconstruction, use of mechanical devices (e.g., kidney dialyzer), and drug therapy. However, these treatments are not perfect solutions. Transplantation of organs is limited by the lack of organ donors, possible rejection, and other complications. For example, there are only 3000 donors available in contrast to 30,000 patients who die from liver failure each year (American Liver Foundation, 1988). Mechanical devices cannot perform all functions of an organ, e.g., kidney dialysis can only help remove some metabolic wastes from the body. Likewise, drugs can only replace limited biochemical functions of an organ or tissue, and physiologic control of drug levels comparable to the control systems of the body is difficult to achieve. For example, although diabetes can be partially treated by administration of insulin, it is still the leading cause of chronic renal failure and blindness (Chukwuma, 1995; Hoelscher et al, 1995; Sander and Wilson, 1993). This is partly due to difficulties in controlling the drug level in vivo (Levesque et al, 1992). Financially, the cost of surgical procedures is very high ($150,000 for a liver transplant). It is estimated that almost half of the United States $800 billion in annual health care costs are due to loss or malfunction of tissue or organs (Langer and Vacanti, 1993).

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  1. Departments of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Chemical Engineering, The University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Wai Hung Wong PhD & David J. Mooney PhD

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  1. Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Division of Urology and Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, 02115, Boston, MA, USA

    Anthony Atala MD (Director) (Director)

  2. Departments of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Chemical Engineering, The University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    David J. Mooney PhD

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Wong, W.H., Mooney, D.J. (1997). Synthesis and Properties of Biodegradable Polymers Used as Synthetic Matrices for Tissue Engineering. In: Atala, A., Mooney, D.J. (eds) Synthetic Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds. Birkhäuser Boston. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4154-6_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4154-6_4

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser Boston

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8677-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-4154-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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