Abstract
Optical imaging technologies such as fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) are gaining great relevance in cardiovascular research. The main reason is the increased number of available fluorescent agents, especially those termed “activatable probes,” which remain quenched under baseline conditions and are fluorescent when a specific enzymatic activity is present. A major characteristic of FMT is the possibility of obtaining quantitative data of fluorescence signal distribution in a noninvasive fashion and using nonionizing radiation, making FMT an invaluable tool for longitudinal studies with biomedical applications. Here, we describe a standard procedure to perform FMT experiments in atherosclerosis mouse models, from the handling of the animals to the reconstruction of the 3D images.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ripoll J (2012) Principles of diffuse light propagation. World Scientific, Singapore
Valeur B, Berberan-Santos M (2012) Molecular fluorescence: principles and applications. Wiley Online Library, Weinheim
Arridge SR, Schotland JC (2009) Optical tomography: forward and inverse problems. Inv Probl 25:123010
Ntziachristos V, Leroy-Willig A, Tavitian B (eds) (2007) Textbook of in vivo imaging in vertebrates. Wiley Online Library, Chichester
Jacques SL (2013) Optical properties of biological tissues: a review. Phys Med Biol 58:5007–5008
Ntziachristos V, Ripoll J, Wang LV et al (2005) Looking and listening to light: the evolution of whole-body photonic imaging. Nat Biotechnol 23:313–320
Hara T, Bhayana B, Thompson B et al (2012) Molecular imaging of fibrin deposition in deep vein thrombosis using a new fibrin-targeted near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging strategy. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 5:607–615
Ale A, Siebenhaar F, Kosanke K et al (2013) Cardioprotective C-kit+ bone marrow cells attenuate apoptosis after acute myocardial infarction in mice - in-vivo assessment with fluorescence molecular imaging. Theranostics 3:903–913
Kaijzel EL, van Heijningen PM, Wielopolski PA et al (2010) Multimodality imaging reveals a gradual increase in matrix metalloproteinase activity at aneurysmal lesions in live fibulin-4 mice. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 3:567–577
Tarin C, Lavin B, Gomez M et al (2011) The extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer EMMPRIN is a target of nitric oxide in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Free Radic Biol Med 51:387–395
Deguchi J, Aikawa M, Tung C-H et al (2006) Inflammation in atherosclerosis: visualizing matrix metalloproteinase action in macrophages in vivo. Circulation 114:55–62
Rodriguez-Menocal L, Wei Y, Pham SM et al (2010) A novel mouse model of in-stent restenosis. Atherosclerosis 209:359–366
Li B, Maafi F, Berti R et al (2014) Hybrid FMT-MRI applied to in vivo atherosclerosis imaging. Biomed Opt Express 5:1664
Nahrendorf M, Waterman P, Thurber G et al (2009) Hybrid in vivo FMT-CT imaging of protease activity in atherosclerosis with customized nanosensors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 29:1444–1451
Chen J (2002) In vivo imaging of proteolytic activity in atherosclerosis. Circulation 105:2766–2771
Zaragoza C, Gomez-Guerrero C, Martin-Ventura JL et al (2011) Animal models of cardiovascular diseases. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011:497841
Schweiger M, Arridge S (2014) The Toast++ software suite for forward and inverse modeling in optical tomography. J Biomed Opt 19(4):040801
Simantiraki M, Favicchio R, Psycharakis S et al (2009) Multispectral unmixing of fluorescence molecular tomography data. J Innov Opt Health Sci 2:353–364
Fuster JJ, Castillo AI, Zaragoza C et al (2011) Animal models of atherosclerosis. In: Conn PM (ed) Progress in molecular biology and translational science - animal models of molecular pathology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1–23
Bhaumik S, DePuy J, Klimash J (2007) Strategies to minimize background autofluorescence in live mice during noninvasive fluorescence optical imaging. Lab Anim 36:40–43
Slominski A, Paus R (1993) Melanogenesis is coupled to murine anagen: toward new concepts for the role of melanocytes and the regulation of melanogenesis in hair growth. J Invest Dermatol 101:90S–97S
Filonov GS, Piatkevich KD, Ting L-M et al (2011) Bright and stable near-infrared fluorescent protein for in vivo imaging. Nat Biotechnol 29:757–761
Shcherbakova D, Verkhusha V (2013) Near-infrared fluorescent proteins for multicolor in vivo imaging. Nat Methods 10:751–754
Tichauer KM, Holt RW, El-Ghussein F et al (2013) Dual-tracer background subtraction approach for fluorescent molecular tomography. J Biomed Opt 18:16003
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Arranz, A., Rudin, M., Zaragoza, C., Ripoll, J. (2015). Fluorescent Molecular Tomography for In Vivo Imaging of Mouse Atherosclerosis. In: Andrés, V., Dorado, B. (eds) Methods in Mouse Atherosclerosis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1339. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2929-0_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2929-0_27
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2928-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2929-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols