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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Hyperlipidaemias

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Abstract

Hyperlipidaemia is a multifaceted risk factor for cardiovascular disease, involving multiple aetiologies such as diet, lifestyle, and/or metabolic effects within the body. Dietary long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) have been shown to regulate key pathways involved in lipid metabolism. By this action, n-3PUFA favourably modulate blood lipids such as triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). The hypolipidaemic effects of dietary supplementation with n-3PUFA may be enhanced by combination drug or natural therapies and have the potential to reduce dependence on lipid-lowering drug therapy. The widespread modulatory effects on blood lipid profile are not only dose dependent, but also dependent on genetic make-up and gender differences. Further investigation into the modulatory effects of dietary n-3PUFA on blood lipids is warranted in order to optimize the efficacy of n-3PUFA therapy for the prevention and management of hyperlipidaemias. Future studies should investigate the influence of gender and genotypic variants on the effects of dietary n-3PUFA in order to optimize dietary strategies and recommendations to prevent and manage hyperlipidaemias.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Arachidonic acid

ALA:

α-linolenic acid

apoB:

Apolipoprotein B

apoC-III:

Apolipoprotein C-III

apoE:

Apolipoprotein E

CETP:

Cholesterol ester transfer protein

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

DPA:

Docosapentaenoic acid

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

FFA:

Free fatty acids

FXR:

Farnesol X receptor

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

HNF-4α:

Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α

HSL:

Hormone-sensitive lipase

LA:

Linoleic acid

IDL:

Intermediate-density lipoproteins

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

LpL:

Lipoprotein lipase

LXRα:

Liver X receptor-alpha

NEFA:

Non-esterified free fatty acids

n-3PUFA:

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

n-6PUFA:

Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids

PPAR:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

RCT:

Randomized control trials

RXRα:

Retinoid X receptor-alpha

SREBP:

Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins

TG:

Triglycerides

VLDL:

Very low-density lipoprotein

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  1. Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, 305C Medical Science Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia

    J. J. A. Ferguson, C. B. Dias & M. L. Garg

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  2. C. B. Dias
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  3. M. L. Garg
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Correspondence to M. L. Garg .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Real Nutrition Laboratory, Bharati Vidyapeeth University Real Nutrition Laboratory, Dhankawadi, India

    Mahabaleshwar V. Hegde

  2. Center for Innovation in Nutrition Health Disease, Bharati Vidyapeeth University , Dhankawadi Pune, India

    Anand Arvind Zanwar

  3. Western IRB Medical Vice Chair, Puyallup, Washington, USA

    Sharad P. Adekar

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Ferguson, J.J.A., Dias, C.B., Garg, M.L. (2016). Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Hyperlipidaemias. In: Hegde, M., Zanwar, A., Adekar, S. (eds) Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40458-5_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40458-5_6

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-40458-5

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