Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Plants of Indian Traditional Medicine with Antioxidant Activity

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Nutritional Antioxidant Therapies: Treatments and Perspectives

Abstract

Oxidative stress is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can pose a threat to cells by causing lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, nucleic acid damage, enzyme inhibition and activation of cell death pathways. An uncontrollable production of ROS may lead to organ dysfunction and diseases. It has been well documented in the last few decades that antioxidant compounds are the major agents that eliminate/scavenge ROS hence inhibiting oxidative stress and hindering the onset and development of non communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Naturally occurring antioxidant compounds in plants may contribute to their potential dietary, nutritious and curative activities against ROS-induced oxidative cellular damage and NCDs. India is endowed with a variety of natural resources and flora with antioxidant principles that can be used in traditional medicine aimed at maintaining health and curing NCDs. Indian plants are important sources of alkaloids and phenolic compounds with potential antioxidant activities. Ancient texts of Ayurveda and Charaka Samhita mention innumerable herbal formulations in the treatment of NCDs that we know are caused due to oxidative stress and free-radical damage. Scientists around the world have shown interest in the Indian system of medicine and have realized the potential of Indian plants against ROS-induced cellular damage and NCDs. Plants mentioned in the texts of Indian traditional medicine are discussed here so as to project a picture of Indian flora as potential sources of antioxidants in the prevention and management of human NCDs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aadil R, Barapatre A, Rathore N, Pottam S, Jha H. Comparative study of in-vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of plant extracts of Acacia arabica, Murraya koeingii, Catharanthus roseus and Rouwolfia serpentine. Int J Phytomed. 2012;4:543–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abdille MH, Singh RP, Jayaprakasa GK, Jens BS. Antioxidant activity of the extracts from Dillenia indica fruits. Food Chem. 2005;90:891–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Acharya SR, Acharya NS, Bhangale JO, Shah SK, Pandya SS. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective action of Asparagus racemosus Willd. root extracts. Indian J Exp Biol. 2012;50:795–801.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adikay S, Manasa K, Mounika K, Naga Sudha P. In vitro antioxidant studies of ethanol extract of roots of Abutilon indicum. Ann Plant Sci. 2013;2:245–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmmed SM, Mukherjee PK, Bahadur S, Harwansh RK, Kar A, Bandyopadhyay A, Al-Dhabi NA, et al. CYP450 mediated inhibition potential of Swertia chirata: an herb from Indian traditional medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016;178:34–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ajithabai MD, Sreedevi S, Jayakumar G, Mangalan SN, Deepa PNN, Sunitha Rani SP. Phytochemical analysis and radical scavenging activity of the extracts of Costus picatus Linn and Coccinia indica W & A, two ethnic medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Free Rad Antiox. 2011;1:77–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akter S, Imam MZ, Hasan SMR, Hossain MA, Mazumder EH, Rana S. Antioxidant, antidiarrhoeal and cytotoxic properties of aerial parts of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. Am J Food Nutr. 2011;1:95–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali MS, Amin MR, Kamal CM, Hossain MA. In vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic activities and phytochemical evaluation of methanol extract of the A. philippense L. leaves. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013;3:464–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Alimi H, Hfaiedh N, Bouoni Z, Sakly M, Ben Rhouma K. Evaluation of antioxidant and antiulcerogenic activities of Opuntia ficus indica f. inermis flowers extract in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2011;32:406–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amresh G, Rao CV, Singh PN. Antioxidant activity of Cissampelos pareira on benzo(a)pyrene-induced mucosal injury in mice. Nutr Res. 2007;27:625–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anwar F, Jamil A, Iqbal S, Sheikh MA. Antioxidant activity of various plant extracts under ambient and accelerated storage of sunflower oil. Grasas Aceites Sevilla. 2006;57:189–97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anusuya N, Manian S. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential of different solvent extracts of Indigofera tinctoria L. leaves. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013;5:142–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anyanwu GO, Nisar-ur-Rehman, Onyeneke CE, Rauf K. Medicinal plants of the genus Anthocleista--a review of their ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;175:648–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ao C, Li A, Elozaawely AA, Xuan TD, Tawata S. Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Ficus microcarpa L.fil. extract. Food Control. 2008;19:940–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aqil F, Ahmad I, Mehmood Z. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of twelve traditionally used Indian medicinal plants. Turk J Biol. 2006;30:177–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arabshahi-Delouee S, Urooj A. Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of mulberry (Morus indica L.) leaves. Food Chem. 2007;102:1233–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Argoti JC, Linares-Palomino PJ, Salido S, Ramírez B, Insuasty B, Altarejos J. On-line activity screening for radical scavengers from Baccharis chilco. Chem Biodivers. 2013;10:189–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Auddy B, Ferreira M, Blasina F, Lafon L, Arredondo F, Dajas F, Tripathi PC, et al. Screening of antioxidant activity of three Indian medicinal plants, traditionally used for the management of neurodegenerative diseases. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;84:131–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Babu BH, Shylesh BS, Padikkala J. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of Acanthus ilicifolius. Fitoterapia. 2001;72:272–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Badami S, Gupta MK, Suresh B. Antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of Striga orobanchioides. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003a;85:227–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Badami S, Moorkoth S, Rai SR, Kannan E, Bhojraj S. Antioxidant activity of Caesalpinia sappan heartwood. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003b;26:1534–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Badami S, Rai SR, Suresh B. Antioxidant activity of Aporosa lindleyana root. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;101:180–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baldi A, Gupta R, Panwar MS. Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant activity of Eclipta alba. Int J Pharm Biol Arch. 2011;2:767–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barman N, Sharma A, Kumar A. Radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of nuts and leaves extracts of Semecarpus anacardium (L.). Am J Plant Sci. 2013;4:1679–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baroš S, Karšayová M, Jomová K, Gáspár A, Valko M. Free radical scavenging capacity of Papaver somniferum L. and determination of pharmacologically active alkaloids using capillary electrophoresis. J Microbiol Biotechnol Food Sci. 2012;1:725–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barreira JCM, Ferreira ICFR, Oliveira MBPP, Pereiraa JA. Antioxidant activities of the extracts from chestnut flower, leaf, skins and fruit. Food Chem. 2008;107:1106–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basavaraj H, Ashok P. In vitro antioxidant activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Coscinium fenestratum root and Embelia ribes flower. Res J Pharm Technol. 2012;5:513–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batool F, Sabir SM, Rocha JBT, Shah AH, Saify ZS, Ahmed SD. Evaluation of antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of fruit extract from Zanthoxylum alatum: a commonly used spice from Pakistan. Pak J Bot. 2010;42:4299–311.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bazylko A, Parzonko A, Jez W, Osińskac E, Kissa AK. Inhibition of ROS production, photoprotection, and total phenolic, flavonoids and ascorbic acid content of fresh herb juice and extracts from the leaves and flowers of Tropaeolum majus. Ind Crop Prod. 2014;55:19–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benbassat N, Yoncheva K, Hadjimitova V, Hristova N, Konstantinov S, Lambov N. Influence of the extraction solvent on antioxidant activity of Althaea officinalis L. root extracts. Cent Eur J Biol. 2014;9:182–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhadauria P, Arora B, Vimal B, Kulshresthac A. In vitro antioxidant activity of Coccinia grandis root extracts. Indo Global J Pharm Sci. 2012;2:230–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhalodia NR, Nariya PB, Acharya RN, Shukla VJ. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of flowers of Cassia fistula Linn. Int J PharmTech Res. 2011;3:589–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhat BA, Elanchezhiyan C, Sethupathy S, Renju VC, Shoba V, Hemalatha S, et al. In-vitro Antioxidant activity of medicinal herb Tribulus terrestris. J Pharm Res. 2012;5:2954–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhatt LR, Lee JS, Baek SH. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of essential oil from Artemisia vulgaris. Kr J Orient Physiol Pathol. 2007;21:528–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharyya S, Datta S, Mallick B, Dhar P, Ghosh S. Lutein content and in vitro antioxidant activity of different cultivars of Indian marigold flower (Tagetes patula L.) extracts. J Agric Food Chem. 2010;58:8259–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhuiya MAM, Talukder B, Ajrin M, Akter S, Sen R. In vitro thrombolytic and anti-oxidant activity study of Abroma Augusta (Ulatkambal). Exp. 2013;14:888–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonoli M, Verardo V, Marconi E, Caboni MF. Antioxidant phenols in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) flour: comparative spectrophotometric study among extraction methods of free and bound phenolic acids. J Agric Food Chem. 2004;52:5195–200.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borkar VS, Sawarkar HS, Siddique S, Kaurav S, Chourasia U, Pal TK. In vitro evaluation of Butea monosperma Lam. for antioxidant activity. Orient J Chem. 2008;24:753–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brewer MS. Natural antioxidants: sources, compounds, mechanisms of action, and potential applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2011;10:221–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butler AR, Megson IL, Wright PG. Diffusion of nitric oxide and scavenging by blood in the vasculature. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998;1425:168–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carr AC, van den Berg JJM, Winterbourn CC. Chlorination of cholesterol in cell membranes by hypochlorous acid. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1996;332:63–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Castro L, Rodriguez M, Radi R. Aconitase is readily inactivated by peroxynitrite, but not by its precursor, nitric oxide. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:29409–15.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Celep AGS, Yilmaz S, Coruh N. Antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity of Aesculus hippocastanum on breast cancer MCF-7 cells. J Food Drug Anal. 2012;20:692–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chahar MK, Kumar DSS, Lokesh T, Lokesh T, Manohara KP. Investigation of in-vitro antioxidant activity of Mesua ferrea L. seed oil. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2012;3:4260–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakraborthy GS, Ghorpade PM. Free radical scavenging activity of Abutilon indicum (Linn) sweet stem extracts. Int J ChemTech Res. 2010;2:526–31.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chatha SAS, Anwar F, Manzoor M, Bajwa JR. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of rice bran extracts using different antioxidant assays. Grasas Aceites Sevilla. 2006;57:328–35.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhuri D, Ghate NB, Panja S, Basu T, Shendge AK, Mandal N. Glycoside rich fraction from Spondias pinnata bark ameliorate iron overload induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in Swiss albino mice. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016a;16:262.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhuri D, Ghate NB, Panja S, Das A, Mandal N. Wild Edible Fruit of Prunus nepalensis Ser. (Steud), a Potential Source of Antioxidants, Ameliorates Iron Overload-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Liver Fibrosis in Mice. PloS ONE. 2015;10(12):e0144280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhuri D, Ghate NB, Panja S, Mandal N. Role of phenolics from Spondias pinnata bark in amelioration of iron overload induced hepatic damage in Swiss albino mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2016b;17:34.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhuri D, Ghate NB, Sarkar R, Mandal N. Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Withania somnifera root. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2012;5:193–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • China R, Dutta S, Sen S, Chakrabarti R, Bhowmik D, Ghosh S, Dhar P. In vitro antioxidant activity of different cultivars of banana flower (Musa paradicicus L.) extracts available in India. J Food Sci. 2011;76:C1292–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chippada SC, Vangalapati M. Antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of Centella asiatica extracts. J Chem Bio Phys Sci. 2011;1B:260–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chouhan HS, Singh SK. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Phyllanthus simplex. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;137:1337–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dall’Acqua S, Minesso P, Shresta BB, Comai S, Jha PK, Gewali MB, Greco E, et al. Phytochemical and antioxidant-related investigations on bark of Abies spectabilis (D. Don) Spach. from Nepal. Molecules. 2012;17:1686–97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Das A, Chaudhuri D, Chatterjee A, Mandal N. Study of antioxidant and reactive oxygen species scavenging activity of the edible tuber of “greater yam” (Dioscorea alata l.) from North-East India. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2012;5:74–84.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Das A, Chaudhuri D, Ghate NB, Chatterjee A, Mandal N. Comparative assessment of phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Clerodendrum colebrookianum walp. leaf from North-East India. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013;5:420–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Das A, Chaudhuri D, Ghate NB, Chatterjee A, Mandal N. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and anticancer potential of leaf extracts from edible greater yam, Dioscorea alata L., from North-East India. Int J Phytopharm. 2014;5:109–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawidowicz AL, Wianowska D, Baranaik B. The antioxidant properties of alcoholic extracts from Sambucus nigra L. (antioxidant properties of extracts). LWT- Food Sci Technol. 2006;39:308–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Debbache N, Atmani D, Atmani D. Chemical analysis and biological activities of Populus nigra, flower buds extracts as source of propolis in Algeria. Ind Crop Prod. 2014;53:85–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deepa VS, Kumar PS, Latha S, Selvamani P, Srinivasan S. Antioxidant studies on the ethanolic extract of Commiphora spp. Afr J Biotechnol. 2009;8:1630–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deepika S, Rajagopal SV. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of flowers of Blepharis molluginifolia. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2014;5:2225–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dennis WH, Oliveieri VP, Kruse CW. The reaction of nucleotides with aqueous hypochlorous acid. Water Res. 1979;13:357–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dev S. Ancient-modern concordance in Ayurvedic plants: some examples. Environ Health Perspect. 1999;107:783–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Di Fabio G, Romanucci V, Di Marino C, Pisanti A, Zarrelli A. Gymnema sylvestre R. Br., an Indian medicinal herb: traditional uses, chemical composition, and biological activity. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2015;16:506–16.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Divakaran SA, Hema PS, Nair MS, Nair CKK. Antioxidant capacity and radioprotective properties of the flavonoids galangin and kaempferide isolated from Alpinia galanga L. (Zingiberaceae) against radiation induced cellular DNA damage. Int J Radiat Res. 2013;11:81–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eldhose B, Notario V, Latha MS. Evaluation of phytochemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant activities of Plumbago indica root extracts. J Phcog Phytochem. 2013;2:157–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elmastas M, Erenler R, Demirtas I, Ozturk L. Superoxide anion scavenging activity of marshmallow flower (Althaea officinalis L.). 7th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry (ECSOC-7), 1–30 November 2003. http://www.mdpi.net/ecsoc-7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elzaawely AA, Xuan TD, Koyama H, Tawata S. Antioxidant activity and contents of essential oil and phenolic compounds in flowers and seeds of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt. & R.M. Sm. Food Chem. 2007;104:1648–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fakurazi S, Sharifudin SA, Arulselvan P. Moringa oleifera hydroethanolic extracts effectively alleviate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats through their antioxidant nature. Molecules. 2012;17:8334–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fidrianny I, Permatasari L, Wirasutisna KR. Antioxidant activities from various bulbs extacts of three kinds allium using DPPH, ABTS assays and correlation with total phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid content. Ind J Res Pharm Sci. 2013;4:438–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Firdaus M, Prihanto AA, Nurdiani R. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius flower. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013;3:17–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gandhare B, Soni N, Dhongade HJ. In vitro antioxidant activity of Bombax ceiba. Int J Biomed Res. 2010;1:31–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gandhimathi S, Bai GVS. In vitro antioxidant activity of Randia dumetorum Lam leaf extract. Int J Herb Med. 2013;1:107–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganjewala D, Gupta AK. Study on phytochemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of different parts of Alstonia scholaris Linn. Adv Pharm Bull. 2013;3:37–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gayathri P, Jeyanthi GP. Radical scavenging activity of Saraca indica bark extracts and its inhibitory effect on the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Int J Chem Pharm Sci. 2013;4:87–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghate NB, Chaudhuri D, Mandal N. In vitro assessment of Tinospora cordifolia stem for its antioxidant, free radical scavenging and DNA protective potentials. Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 2013;4:373–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomathi V, Palanisamy P, Jaykar B. Preliminary phytochemical and in-vitro antioxidant activity of the whole plant of Acanthospermum Hispidum DC. Int J Med Pharm. 2013;1:22–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopalakrishnan G, Dhanapal CK, Manavalan R. In vitro antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of root of Coleous vettiveroides (Jacob). Int J Pharma Bio Sci. 2011;2:353–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goveas SW, Abraham A. Evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of stem and leaf extracts of Coscinium fenestratum. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2013;6:218–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Govindarajan R, Vijayakumar M, Rao CV. Antioxidant potential of Anogeissus latifolia. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004;27:1266–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guerrero RO, Khan MTH, Casañas B, Morales M. Specific bioassays with selected plants in Bangladesh. Rev Cubana Plant Med. 2004;9

    Google Scholar 

  • Gul MZ, Ahmad F, Kondapi AK, Qureshi IA, Ghazi IA. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Abrus precatorius leaf extracts - an in vitro study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013;13:53.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gul MZ, Bhakshu LM, Ahmad F, Kondapi AK, Qureshi IA, Ghazi IA. Evaluation of Abelmoschus moschatus extracts for antioxidant, free radical scavenging, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities using in vitro assays. BMC Complement Alternat Med. 2011;201111:64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guleria S, Tiku AK, Koul A, Gupta S, Singh G, Razdan VK. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the essential oil and extracts of Zanthoxylum alatum grown in North-Western Himalaya. Sci World J. 2013a:790580.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guleria S, Tiku AK, Singh G, Koul A, Gupta S, Rana S. In vitro antioxidant activity and phenolic contents in methanol extracts from medicinal plants. J Plant Biochem Biotechnol. 2013b;22:9–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta D, Bhardwaj R, Gupta RK. In vitro antioxidant activity of extracts from the leaves of Abies pindrow Royle. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011a;8:391–7.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta D, Mann S, Sood A, Gupta RK. Phytochemical, nutritional and antioxidant activity evaluation of seeds of jackfruit (Artocarpous heterolphyllus Lam.). Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 2011b;2:336–45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta P, Nahata A, Dixit VK. An update on Murraya koenigii Spreng: a multifunctional Ayurvedic herb. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2011c;9:824–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Habbu PV, Mahadevan KM, Kulkarni PV, Daulatsingh C, Veerapur VP, Shastry RA. Adaptogenic and in vitro antioxidant activity of flavanoids and other fractions of Argyreia speciosa (Burm.f) Boj. in acute and chronic stress paradigms in rodents. Indian J Exp Biol. 2010;48:53–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hannan A, Karan S, Chatterjee TK. A comparative study of in-vitro antioxidant activity of different extracts of Areca seed collected from Areca catechu plant grown in Assam. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2012;4:420–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harisaranraj R, Suresh K, Saravana Babu S, Vaira Achudhan V. Phytochemical based strategies for pathogen control and antioxidant capacities of Rauwolfia serpentina extracts. Recent Res Sci Technol. 2009;1:67–73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hazra B, Biswas S, Mandal N. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Spondias pinnata. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2008;8:63.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hazra B, Sarkar R, Biswas S, Mandal N. Antioxidant and iron chelating potential of Pongammia pinnata and its role in preventing free radical induced oxidative damage in plasmid DNA. Int J Phytomed. 2011;3:240–53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hazra B, Sarkar R, Biswas S, Mandal N. Comparative study of the antioxidant and reactive oxygen species scavenging properties in the extracts of the fruits of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis. BMC Complement Alternat Med. 2010b;10:20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hazra B, Sarkar R, Biswas S, Mandal N. The antioxidant, iron chelating and DNA protective properties of 70% methanolic extract of ‘Katha’ (Heartwood extract of Acacia catechu). J Compl Integr Med. 2010a;7:5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hazra B, Sarkar R, Mandal S, Biswas S, Mandal N. Studies on antioxidant and antiradical activities of Dolichos biflorus seed extract. Afr J Biotechnol. 2009;8:3927–33.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hilmi Y, Abushama MF, Abdalgadir H, Khalid A, Khalid HA. study of antioxidant activity, enzymatic inhibition and in vitro toxicity of selected traditional Sudanese plants with anti-diabetic potential. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:149.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Huie RE, Padmaja S. The reaction of NO with superoxide. Free Radic Res Commun. 1993;18:195–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ifesan BOT, Fashakin JF, Ebosele F, Oyerinde AS. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of selected plant leaves. Eur J Med Plants. 2013;3:465–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ilahi I, Samar S, Khan I, Ahmad I. In vitro antioxidant activities of four medicinal plants on the basis of DPPH free radical scavenging. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2013;26:949–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Irshad M, Zafaryab M, Singh M, Rizvi MM. Comparative analysis of the antioxidant activity of Cassia fistula extracts. Int J Med Chem. 2012;2012:157125.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jacob L, Latha MS. In vitro antioxidant activity of Clitoria ternatea Linn. Int J Res Phytochem Pharmacol. 2013;3:35–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jadhav V, Deshmukh S, Mahadkar S. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Clitoria ternatea L. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013;5:529–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jagetia GC, Baliga MS, Malagi KJ, Sethukumar Kamath M. The evaluation of the radioprotective effect of Triphala (an ayurvedic rejuvenating drug) in the mice exposed to γ-radiation. Phytomedicine. 2002;9:99–108.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jagetia GC, Baliga MS. Treatment of mice with a herbal preparation (Mentat) protects against radiation-induced mortality. Phytother Res. 2003;17:876–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jagtap SG, Pal SC. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of petroleum ether and methanolic extracts of Cassia fistula Linn. J Pharm Res. 2010;3:3002–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain A, Soni M, Deb L, Jain A, Rout SP, Gupta VB, Krishna KL. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Momordica dioica Roxb. leaves. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;115:61–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jain V, Verma SK, Katewa SS, Anandjiwala S, Singh B. Free radical scavenging property of Bombax ceiba Linn. root. Res J Med Plant. 2011;5:462–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James J, Veettil AKT, Pratyush K, Misra CS, Sahadevan LDM, Thankamani V. In vitro antioxidant activity of flowers and fruits of Alstonia scholaris. Int J Phytomed. 2011;3:475–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamir NS, Lanusunep, Pongener N. Medico-herbal medicine practiced by the Naga tribes in the state of Nagaland (India). Indian J Fundam Appl Life Sci. 2012;2:328–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamuna S, Paulsamy S, Karthika K. Screening of in vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic leaf and root extracts of Hypochaeris radicata L. (Asteraceae). J Appl Pharm Sci. 2012;7:149–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarić S, Mitrović M, Pavlović P. Review of ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological study of Thymus serpyllum L. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:101978.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jung WS, Chung IM, Kim SH, Kim MY, Ahmad A, Praveen N. vitro antioxidant activity, total Phenolics and flavonoids from celery (Apium graveolens) leaves. J Med Plant Res. 2011;5:7022–30.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalita D, Dutta M, Islam NF. Few plants and animals based folk medicines from Dibrugarh District, Assam. Indian J Tradit knowl. 2005;40:81–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamkaen N, Wilkinson JM. The antioxidant activity of Clitoria ternatea flower petal extracts and eye gel. Phytother Res. 2009;23:1624–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katiyar S, Patidar D, Gupta S, Singh RK, Singh P. Some Indian traditional medicinal plants with antioxidant activity: a review. Int J Innov Res Sci. Eng Technol. 2013;2:7303–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khatoon M, Islam E, Islam R, Rahman AA, Alam AH, Khondkar P, et al. Estimation of total phenol and in vitro antioxidant activity of Albizia procera leaves. BMC Res Notes. 2013;6:121.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kiranmai M, Kumar CBM, Ibrahim M. Free radical scavenging activity of neem tree (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss Var., Meliaceae) root bark extract. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2011;4:134–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knebel A, Rahmsdorf, Ullrich A, Herrlich P. Dephosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases as target of regulation by radiation, oxidants or alkylating agents. EMBO J. 1996;15,5314–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kochevar EI, Redmond WR. Photosensitized production of singlet oxygen. Methods Enzymol. 2000;319:20–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar EK, Harsha KN, Sudheer V, Giri BN. In vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Allium cepa bulb in ethanol induced liver damage in Wistar rats. Food Sci Human Wellness. 2013;2:132–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar PV, Kuttan R, Kuttan G. Radioprotective effects of Rasayanas. Ind J Expt Biol. 1996;34:848–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Kumar D, Manjusha, Saroha K, Singh N, Vashishta B. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. methanolic fruit extract. Acta Pharm. 2008;58:215–20.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Narwal S, Kumar D, Singh G, Narwal S, Arya R. Evaluation of antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De wild leaves in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2012;2:170–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar VR, Kumar S, Shashidhara S, Anitha S. In-vitro anti-oxidant, anti-amylase, anti-arthritic and cytotoxic activity of important commonly used green leafy vegetables. Int J Pharm Tech Res. 2011a;3:2096–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar M, Sheikh MA, Bussmann RW. Ethnomedicinal and ecological status of plants in Garhwal Himalaya, India. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2011b;7:32.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kumaran A, Karunakaran RJ. Antioxidant activity of Cassia auriculata flowers. Fitoterapia. 2007;78:46–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurian GA, Suryanarayanan S, Raman A, Padikkala J. Antioxidant effects of ethyl acetate extract of Desmodium gangeticum root on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rat hearts. Chinas Med. 2010;5:3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lal G, Mantri M. In-vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Butea frondosa Roxb. flower. Phcog J. 2011;3:65–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lavhale MS, Mishra SH. Evaluation of free radical scavenging activity of Butea monosperma Lam. Indian J Exp Biol. 2007;45:376–84.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence A, Hawthorne W. Plant identification: creating user-friendly field guides for biodiversity management. New York, NY: Routledge; 2006. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-84407-079-4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li XM, Shi YH, Wang F, Wang HS, Le GW. In vitro free radical scavenging activities and effect of synthetic oligosaccharides on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in aged mice. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2007;43:364–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Guo C, Yang J, Wei J, Xu J, Cheng S. Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in comparison with pomegranate pulp extract. Food Chem. 2006;96:254–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lobo VC, Phatak A, Chandra N. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Hygrophila schulli (Buch.-Ham.) almeida and almeida seeds. Adv Biores. 2010;1:72–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lohiya NK, Balasubramanian K, Ansari AS. Indian folklore medicine in managing men’s health and wellness. Andrologia. 2016;48:894–907.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Madaan R, Bansal G, Kumar S, Sharma A. Estimation of total phenols and flavonoids in extracts of Actaea spicata roots and antioxidant activity studies. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2011;73:666–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mahady GB. Medicinal plants for the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. Ethnopharmacology Vol. II. In: Elisabetsky E, Etkin NL, editors. Encyclopedia of life support systems. Oxford: Eolss Publishers; 2009. p. 75–99. ISBN 978-1-905839-97-1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mak YW, Chuah LO, Ahmad R, Bhat R. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) and Cassia (Senna bicapsularis L.) flower extracts. J King Saud Univ Sci. 2013;25:275–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandal S, Hazra B, Sarkar R, Biswas S, Mandal N. Assessment of the antioxidant and reactive oxygen species scavenging activity of methanolic extract of Caesalpinia crista leaf. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:173768.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mandal S, Hazra B, Sarkar R, Biswas S, Mandal N. Hemidesmus indicus, an age-old plant: study of its in vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging potentials. Pharmacologyonline. 2009;1:604–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manian R, Anusuya N, Siddhuraju P, Manian S. The antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntz, Ficus bengalensis L. and Ficus racemosa L. Food Chem. 2008;107:1000–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manjula SN, Kenganora M, Parihar VK, Kumar S, Nayak PG, Kumar N, Ranganath Pai KS, et al. Antitumor and antioxidant activity of Polyalthia longifolia stem bark ethanol extract. Pharm Biol. 2010;48:690–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meziti A, Meziti H, Boudiaf K, Mustapha B, Bouriche H. Polyphenolic profile and antioxidant activities of Nigella sativa seed extracts in vitro and in vivo. World Acad Sci Eng Technol. 2012;64:24–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishra PK, Raghuram GV, Bhargava A, Ahirwar A, Samarth R, Upadhyaya R, Jain SK, et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the anticarcinogenic and cancer chemopreventive potential of a flavonoid-rich fraction from a traditional Indian herb Selaginella bryopteris. Br J Nutr. 2011;106:1154–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nahak G, Sahu RK. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of flower and seed oil of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. J Appl Nat Sci. 2011;3:78–81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nanasombat S, Teckchuen N. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of Thai local vegetables. J Med Plant Res. 2009;3:443–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishaa S, Vishnupriya M, Kumar Sasi JM, Gopalakrishnan VK. Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Maranta arundinacea L. tuberous rhizomes. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2012;5:85–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oktay M, Gulcin İ, Küfrevioğlu Öİ. Determination of in vitro antioxidant activity of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed extracts. LWT- Food Sci Technol. 2003;36:263–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Padmaja M, Sravanthi M, Hemalatha KPJ. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of two Indian medicinal plants. J Phytology. 2011;3:86–91.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pal RS, Ariharasivakumar G, Girhepunje K, Upadhyay A. In vitro antioxidative activity of phenolic and flavonoid compounds extracted from seeds of Abrus precatorius. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2009;1:136–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pal RS, Kumar RA, Agrawal PK, Bhatt JC. Antioxidant capacity and related phytochemicals analysis of methanolic extract of two wild edible fruits from North-Western Indian Himalaya. Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 2013;4:113–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panchawat S, Sisodia SS. In vitro antioxidant activity of Saraca asoca Roxb. De Wilde stem bark extracts from various extraction processes. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2010;3:231–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panja S, Chaudhuri D, Ghate NB, Ha LM, Mandal N. In vitro assessment of phytochemicals, antioxidant and DNA protective potential of wild edible fruit Elaeagnus latifolia Linn. Fruits. 2014;69,303–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pareek A, Godavarthi A, Issarani R, Nagori BP. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Fagonia schweinfurthii (Hadidi) Hadidi extract in carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cell line and rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013;150:973–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parimi U, Kolli D. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Michelia champaca Linn. flower extracts. Free Rad Antiox. 2012;2:58–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parmar KA, Patel AN, Prajapati SN, Patel RI. Anti viral in HEL cell, HeLa cell cultures, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Acacia arabica seeds extracts by the use of DPPH free radical method. J Chem Pharm Res. 2010;2:324–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulpriya K, Mohan VR. In vitro antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Dioscorea pentaphylla L Var. Pentaphylla tuber. Int J Univ Pharm Bio Sci. 2013;2:161–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavagadhi S, GS Joseph BS, Jena. Antioxidant principles in Peltophorum ferrugineum flower extracts. Int J Food Prop. 2012;15:549–57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pavithra GM, Siddiqua S, Naik AS, Prashith Kekuda TR, Vinayaka KS. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of flowers of Wendlandia thyrsoidea, Olea dioica, Lagerstroemia speciosa and Bombax malabaricum. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2013;3:114–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey MM, Rastogi S, Rawat AK. Indian traditional ayurvedic system of medicine and nutritional supplementation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:376327.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Peschel W, Sanchez-Rabaneda F, Dn W, Plescher A, Gartzia I, Jimenez D, Lamuela-Raventos R, et al. An industrial approach in the search of natural antioxidants from vegetable and fruit wastes. Food Chem. 2006;97:137–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pham-Huy LA, He H, Pham-Huy C. Free radicals, antioxidants in disease and health. Int J Biomed Sci. 2008;4:89–96.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Prajapati SN, Parmar KA. Anti-viral and in-vitro free radical scavenging activity of leaves of Rubia cordifolia. Int J Phytomed. 2011;3:98–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad SK, Kumar R, Patel DK, Sahu AN, Hemalatha S. Physicochemical standardization and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2:S526–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pryor WA, Squadrito GL. The chemistry of peroxynitrite: a product from the reaction of nitric oxide with superoxide. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 1995;268:L699–722.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qian ZJ, Jung WK, Kim SK. Free radical scavenging activity of a novel antioxidative peptide purified from hydrolysate of bullfrog skin, Rana catesbeiana Shaw. Bioresour Technol. 2008;99:1690–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Radi R, Beckman JS, Bush KM, Freeman BA. Peroxynitrite-induced membrane lipid peroxidation: the cytotoxic potential of superoxide and nitric oxide. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1991;288:481–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rahman H, Manjula K, Anoosha T, Nagaveni K, Chinna Eswaraiah M, Bardalai D. In-vitro anti-oxidant activity of Citrullus lanatus seed extracts. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2013;6:152–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rai S, Wahile A, Mukherjee K, Saha BP, Mukherjee PK. Antioxidant activity of Nelumbo nucifera (sacred lotus) seeds. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006;104:322–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rajani GP, Ashok P. In vitro antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities of Bauhinia variegata Linn. Ind J Pharmacol. 2009;41:227–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajesh KP, Manjunatha H, Krishna V, Kumara Swamy BE. Potential in vitro antioxidant and protective effects of Mesua ferrea Linn. bark extracts on induced oxidative damage. Ind Crop Prod. 2013;47:186–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rama P, Vignesh A, Lakshmanan G, Murugesan K. In vitro antioxidant activity of Achyranthes aspera Linn. Int J Med Pharm Sci. 2013;3:67–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramalakhsmi S, Edaydulla N, Ramesh P, Muthuchelian K. Investigation on cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial and volatile profile of Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br. flower used in Indian medicine. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2012;2:S68–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rana MG, Katbamna RV, Padhya AA, Dudhrejiya AD, Jivani NP, Sheth NR. In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging studies of alcoholic extract of Medicago sativa L. Rom. J Biol Plant Biol. 2010;55:15–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rathore B, Ali Mahdi A, Nath Paul B, Narayan Saxena P, Kumar Das S. Indian herbal medicines: possible potent therapeutic agents for rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2007;41:12–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rauf A, Uddin G, Khan H, Roohullah. Preliminary antioxidant profile of Pistacia integerrima Stewart. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2014;27:855–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raut NA, Gaikwad NJ. Anti-diabetic potential of fractions of hydro-ethanol extract of Crataeva nurvala Buch. Ham Int J Pharm Phytopharmacol. 2014;3:281–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy SV, Tiwari AK, Kumar US, Rao RJ, Rao JM. Free radical scavenging, enzyme inhibitory constituents from antidiabetic ayurvedic medicinal plant Hydnocarpus wightiana Blume. Phytother Res. 2005;19:277–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rehman ZU. Citrus peel extract- a natural source of antioxidant. Food Chem. 2006;99:450–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Revansiddaya P, Kalyani B, Veerangouda A, Shivkumar H, Santosh P. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant role of flower extract of Abutilon indicum. Int J Pharm Biol Arch. 2011;2:541–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy S, Hazra B, Mandal N, Chaudhuri TK. Assessment of the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of methanolic extract of Diplazium esculentum. Int J Food Prop. 2013;16:1351–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sahoo AK, Narayanan N, Sahana S, Rajanb SS, Mukherjeea PK. In vitro antioxidant potential of Semecarpus anacardium L. Pharmacol Ther. 2008;3:327–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sah NK, Singh SN, Sahdev S, Banerji S, Jha V, Khan Z, Hasnain SE. Indian herb ‘Sanjeevani’ (Selaginella bryopteris) can promote growth and protect against heat shock and apoptotic activities of ultra violet and oxidative stress. J Biosci. 2005;30:499–505.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sahu AN, Hemalatha S, Sairam K. HPTLC fingerprinting and in vitro antioxidant studies of Argyrela speciosa sweet leaves and Mesua ferrea Linn. flowers. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm. 2013;4:499–502.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sahu KG, Khadabadi SS, Bhide SS. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) ex Blume Decne. Int J Chem Sci. 2009;7:1553–62.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Said A, Tundis R, Hawas WU, El-Kousy SM, Rashed K, Menichini F, Bonesi M, et al. In vitro Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of flavonoids from Ailanthus excelsa (Roxb.) (Simaroubaceae) leaves. Z Naturforsch. 2010;65c:180–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saini MR, Kumar S, Jagetia GC, Saini N. Effect of Liv. 52 against radiation sickness and mortality. Indian Pract. 1984;37:1133–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sajeesh T, Arunachalam K, Parimelazhagan T. Antioxidant and antipyretic studies on Pothos scandens L. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011;4:889–99.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saranya P, Geetha A, Selvamathy SMKN. The antioxidant and H+K+ ATPase inhibitory effect of Andrographis paniculata and Andrographolide - in vitro and in vivo studies. Pharmacol Ther. 2010;1:356–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar R, Hazra B, Biswas S, Mandal N. Evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant and iron chelating activity of Gymnema sylvestre. Pharmacol Ther. 2009a;3:851–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar R, Hazra B, Mandal S, Biswas S, Mandal N. Assessment of in vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Cajanas cajan. J Compl Integrat Med. 2009b;6:24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar R, Ghate NB, Mandal N. Antioxidant activity of Tinospora cordifolia extract depends on the solvent system. J Comput Sci Syst Biol. 2014;7:5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sasikumar JM, Jinu U, Shamna R. Antioxidant activity and HPTLC analysis of Pandanus odoratissimus L. root. Eur J Biol Sci. 2009;1:17–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sati SC, Sati MD, Raturi R, Badoni P, Singh H. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Zanthoxylum armatum stem bark. Global J Res Eng J Gen Eng. 2011;11:19–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawant O, Kadam VJ, Ghosh R. In vitro free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of Adiantum lunulatum. J Herb Med Toxicol. 2009;3:39–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scartezzini P, Speroni E. Review on some plants of Indian traditional medicine with antioxidant activity. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;71:23–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schreck R, Riever P, Baeuerle PA. Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messengers in activation of the NF-·B transcription factor and HIV-1. EMBO J. 1991;10:2247–58.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sen S, Chakraborty R, Verma A, De B, Devanna N, Dey BK. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Saraca indica leaves extracts using in vitro and ex vivo models. J Sci Ind Res. 2014;73:157–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shanmugapriya R, Ramanathan T, Thirunavukkarasu P. Evaluation of antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity of Acalypha indica Linn. using in vitro model. Asian J Biomed Pharm Sci. 2011;1:18–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma P, Shrivastava NM. In-vitro evaluation of antioxidants activity of ethanolic leaves extract of Celastrus paniculatus. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2013;4:4682–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma RK, Dash B. Carka Samhita Volume II. Varanasi: Chowkamba Sanskrit Series Office; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma P, Patti P, Agnihotry A. Ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal uses of floristic diversity in Murari Devi and surrounding areas of Mandi District in Himachal Pradesh, India. Pak J Biol Sci. 2013;16:451–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharmila K, Padma PR. In vitro free radical scavenging activities of Artemisia vulgaris leaf extract. Indo Am J Pharm Res. 2013;3:1716–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shirwaikar A, Shirwaikar A, Punitha ISR. Antioxidant studies on the methanol stem extract of Coscinium fenestratum. Nat Prod Sci. 2007;13:40–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shivhare Y, Singh P, Rajak H, Rajak H, Patil KU, Pawar SR. Antioxidant potential of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb (fruits). Phcog J. 2009;1:258–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siddhuraju P, Becker K. Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of total phenolic constituents from three different agroclimatic origins of drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves. J Agric Food Chem. 2003;51:2144–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siddhuraju P, Becker K. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of processed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) seed extracts. Food Chem. 2007;101:10–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siddhuraju P, Manian S. The antioxidant activity and free radical-scavenging capacity of dietary phenolic extracts from horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) seeds. Food Chem. 2007;105:950–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siddhuraju P, Mohan PS, Becker K. Studies on the antioxidant activity of Indian Laburnum (Cassia fistula L.): a preliminary assessment of crude extracts from stem bark, leaves, flowers and fruit pulp. Food Chem. 2002;79:61–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siddhuraju P. Antioxidant activity of polyphenolic compounds extracted from defatted raw and dry heated Tamarindus indica seed coat. LWT- Food Sci Technol. 2007;40:982–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siddhuraju P. The antioxidant activity and free radical-scavenging capacity of phenolics of raw and dry heated moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia) (Jacq.) Marechal seed extracts. Food Chem. 2006;99:14157.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sies H. Strategies of antioxidant defense. Eur J Biochem. 1993;215:213–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh AR, Singh SA. Diseases of poverty and lifestyle, well-being and human development. Mens Sana Monogr. 2008;6:187–225.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Singhal KG, Gupta GD. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of flowers of Nerium oleander against CCL4–induced liver injury in rats. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2012;5:677–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siriamornpun S, Kaisoon O, Meeso N. Changes in colour, antioxidant activities and carotenoids (lycopene, β-carotene, lutein) of marigold flower (Tagetes erecta L.) resulting from different drying processes. J Funct Foods. 2012;4:757–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivarajan VV, Balachandra I, editors. Ayurvedic plants and their plant sources. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Ltd.; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soysa P, De Silva IS, Wijayabandara J. Evaluation of antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of Flueggea leucopyrus Willd (katupila). BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:274.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sre PRR, Sheila T, Murugesan K. Phytochemical screening and “in-vitro” anti-oxidant activity of methanolic root extract of Erythrina indica. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2:S1696–700.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sreedhar V, Ravindra Nath LK, Madana Gopal N, Sanjith Nath M. In vitro antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of roots of Vitex trifoliate. Res J Pharma Biol Chem Sci. 2010;1:1036–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Srinivasan R, Chandrasekar MJN, Nanjan MJ, Suresh B. Antioxidant activity of Caesalpinia digyna root. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007;113:284–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Subhose V, Srinivas P, Narayana A. Basic principles of pharmaceutical science in Ayurvĕda. Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad. 2005;35:83–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian R, Subbramaniyan P, Raj V. Antioxidant activity of the stem bark of Shorea roxburghii and its silver reducing power. Springer Plus. 2013;2:28.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sudha G, Sangeetha Priya M, Indhu Shree R, Vadivukkarasi S. In vitro free radical scavenging activity of raw pepino fruit (Solanum muricatum Aiton). Int J Curr Pharm Res. 2011;3:137–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sujith K, Darwin CR, Suba V. Antioxidant activity of ethanolic root extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum. Int Res J Pharm. 2011;2:222–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sultana B, Anwar F, Ashraf M. Effect of extraction solvent/technique on the antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plant extracts. Molecules. 2009;14:2167–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sultana B, Anwar F, Przybylski R. Antioxidant activity of phenolic components present in barks of Azadirachta indica, Terminalia arjuna, Acacia nilotica, and Eugenia jambolana Lam. trees. Food Chem. 2007;104:1106–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suman P, Smitha PV, Ramkumar KY, Siva A, Murali Mohan CH, Hara Sreeramulu S. Antimicrobial and antioxidant synergy of Psoralea corylifolia Linn. andPlumbago zeylanica Linn. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2013;4:836–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suruse PB, Bodele SB, Duragkar NJ, Saundankar YG. In-Vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity of Albizia Lebbeck bark. Int J Biol Sci Ayuveda Res. 2013;1:6–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Susanti D, Sirat HM, Ahmad F, Alib RM, Aimic N, Kitajima M. Antioxidant and cytotoxic flavonoids from the flowers of Melastoma malabathricum L. Food Chem. 2007;103:710–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Svoboda RE. Ayurveda’s role in preventing disease. Indian J Med Sci. 1998;52:70–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teh SS, Ee GCL, Mah SH, Yong YK, Lim YM, Rahmani M, Ahmad Z. In vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Mesua beccariana (Baill.) Kosterm.,Mesua ferrea Linn., and Mesua congestiflora extracts. Bio Med Res Int. 2013;2013:517072.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tote S, Kadam V, Ghosh R. In vitro antioxidant activity of Abies spectabilis D. Don. Pharmacol Ther. 2009;2:170–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tylor BS, Kion YM, Wang QI, Sharpio RA, Billiar TR, Geller DA. Nitric oxide down regulates hepatocyte-inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression. Arch Surg. 1997;132:1177–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uddin R, Akter R, Hasan SMR, Mazumder EH, Alam MA. In Vitro free radical scavenging and membrane stabilizing activity of Paederia foetidaLeaves. Res Rev: J Pharm Toxicol Stud. 2014;2:21–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urmi KF, Mostafa S, Begum G, Ifa T, Hamid K. Comparative antioxidant activity of different parts of Bauhinia purpurea L. Biol Med. 2013;5:78–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Velusami CC, Agarwal A, Mookambeswaran V. Effect of Nelumbo nucifer petal extracts on lipase, adipogenesis, adipolysis, and central receptors of obesity. eCAM. 2013;2013:145925.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ven Murthy MR, Ranjekar PK, Ramassamy C, Deshpande M. Scientific basis for the use of Indian ayurvedic medicinal plants in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders: ashwagandha. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. 2010;10:238–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Visavadiya NP, Soni B, Dalwadi N. Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-atherogenic properties of Glycyrrhiza glabra root using in vitro models. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2009;60:135–49.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang DJ, Chang YZ, Chen YC, Liu SC, Hsu CH, Lin JT. Antioxidant effect and active components of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) flower. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012;50:3056–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yu YG, He QT, Yuan K, Xiao XL, Li XF, Liu DM, Wu H. In vitro antioxidant activity of Bombax malabaricum flower extracts. Pharm Biol. 2011;49:569–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zahin M, Ahmad I, Aqil F. Antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of Carum copticum fruit extracts. Toxicol In Vitro. 2010;24:1243–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zahin M, Aqil F, Ahmad I. The in vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of four Indian medicinal plants. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2009;1:88–95.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Fu Q, Zhang Y. Composition of anthocyanins in pomegranate flowers and their antioxidant activity. Food Chem. 2011;127:1444–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zia-ul-Haq M, Ahmad S, Qayum M, Erci̇şli̇ S. Compositional studies and antioxidant potential of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. pods and seeds. Turk J Biol. 2013;37:25–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zohera FT, Habib MR, Imam MZ. Comparative antioxidant potential of different extracts of Celastrus paniculatus Willd. seed. S J Pharm Sci. 2010;3:68–74.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054, India

    Abhishek Das, Dipankar Chaudhuri, Rhitajit Sarkar, Nikhil Baban Ghate, Sourav Panja & Nripendranath Mandal

Authors
  1. Abhishek Das
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dipankar Chaudhuri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rhitajit Sarkar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Nikhil Baban Ghate
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sourav Panja
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Nripendranath Mandal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nripendranath Mandal .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute for Agricultural Research, Jouy-en-Josas, France

    Kaïs Hussain Al-Gubory

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeut, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Ismail Laher

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Das, A., Chaudhuri, D., Sarkar, R., Ghate, N.B., Panja, S., Mandal, N. (2017). Plants of Indian Traditional Medicine with Antioxidant Activity. In: Al-Gubory, K., Laher, I. (eds) Nutritional Antioxidant Therapies: Treatments and Perspectives. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67625-8_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation