Abstract
Software companies develop various softwares at the same time. It is very critical task that is to be managed by project managers. Completion of a project is purely dependent on various parameters such as time, cost and staff. By these parameters, project planning will be done by the project managers. Software effort estimation is a fundamental and emerging aspect for software companies in developing a software. If we estimate the effort properly, it will control the project cost as well as time. This paper is presented by comparing various models such as KNN, SVM, NN, RF and back propagation algorithm using feed forward neural network by using Orange data mining tool. The proposed models are evaluated using COCOMO’81 dataset having 63 projects and Desharnais dataset having 81 projects. Estimation results are evident that the back propagation-based approach is a suitable model as compared to the remaining considered approach.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Murillo-Morera, J., Quesada-López, C., Castro-Herrera, C., et al.: A genetic algorithm based framework for software effort prediction. J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev. 5(1), Dec (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40411-017-0037-x
Boehm, Barry W.: Software engineering economics. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. (1981)
Huang, Jianglin, Li, Yan-Fu, Xie, Min: An empirical analysis of data preprocessing for machine learning-based software cost estimation. Inf. Softw. Technol. 67, 108–127 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2015.07.004
Benala, T.R., Mall, R.: DABE: Differential evolution in analogy-based software development effort estimation. Swarm Evol. Comput. 38, 158–172, ISSN 2210-6502 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.swevo.2017.07.009
Thamarai, I., Murugavalli, S.: Using differential evolution in the prediction of software effort. In: Fourth International Conference on Advanced Computing (ICoAC), pp. 1–3, Chennai (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/icoac.2012.6416816
Putnam, L.H.: A general empirical solution to the macro software sizing and estimating problem. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. SE-4(4), 345–361, July (1978). https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.1978.23152
Albrecht, A.J., Gaffney, J.E.: Software function, source lines of code, and development effort prediction: a software science validation. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. SE-9(6), 639–648, Nov (1983). https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.1983.235271
Ferrucci, F., Gravino, C., Oliveto, R., Sarro, F., Genetic programming for effort estimation: an analysis of the impact of different fitness functions. In: IEEE Second International Symposium on Search Based Software Engineering (SSBSE), pp. 89–98, (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/ssbse.2010.20
Suresh Kumar, P., Behera, H.S.: Role of soft computing techniques in software effort estimation: an analytical study. In: Das A., Nayak J., Naik B., Pati S., Pelusi D. (eds.) Computational intelligence in pattern recognition: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing vol 999, pp. 807–831. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9042-5_70
Nassif, A.B. et al.: Neural network models for software development effort estimation: a comparative study. Neural Comput. Appl. 27(8), 2369–2381 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-015-2127-1
deBarcelos Tronto, I.F., da Silva, J.D.S., Sant’Anna, N.: Comparison of artificial neural network and regression models in Software Effort Estimation. In: IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), pp. 771–776 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2007.4371055
Idri, A., Abran, A., Mbarki, S.: An experiment on the design of radial basis function neural networks for software cost estimation. IEEE Int. Conf. Inf. Commun. Technol. 1, 1612–1617 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTTA.2006.1684625
El-Sebakhy, E.A.: New computational intelligence paradigm for estimating the software project effort. In: IEEE 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (AINAW 2008), pp. 621–627 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1109/waina.2008.257
Li, Y.F., Xie, M., Goh, T.N.: A study of the non-linear adjustment for analogy based software cost estimation. Empir. Softw. Eng. 14(6), 603–643 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-008-9104-6
Ghose, M.K., Bhatnagar, R., Bhattacharjee, V.: Comparing some neural network models for software development effort prediction. In: IEEE 2nd National Conference on Emerging Trends and Applications in Computer Science (NCETACS), pp. 1–4 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/ncetacs.2011.5751391
Lopez-Martin, C., Yanez-Marquez, C., Gutierrez-Tornes, A.: Predictive accuracy comparison of fuzzy models for software development effort of small programs. J. Syst. Softw. 81(6), 949–960 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2007.08.027
Kaushik, A., Soni, A.K., Soni, R.: An adaptive learning approach to software cost estimation. In: National IEEE Conference on Computing and Communication Systems (NCCCS), pp. 1–6 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/ncccs.2012.6413029
Benala, T.R., Dehuri, S., Mall, R., ChinnaBabu, K.: Software effort prediction using unsupervised learning (clustering) and functional link artificial neural networks. In: IEEE World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies (WICT), pp. 115–120 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32341-6_1
Saraç, Ö.F., Duru, N.: A novel method for software effort estimation: Estimating with boundaries. In: IEEE International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications (INISTA), pp. 1–5 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/inista.2013.6577643
Aditi, P., Satapathy, S.M., Rath, S.K.: Empirical validation of neural network models for agile software effort estimation based on story points. Procedia Comput. Sci. 57, 772–781, ISSN 1877-0509 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.474
López-Martín, C.: Predictive accuracy comparison between neural networks and statistical regression for development effort of software projects. Appl. Soft Comput. 27, 434–449, ISSN 1568-4946 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2014.10.033
Azzeh, M., Nassif, A.B.: A hybrid model for estimating software project effort from Use Case Points. Appl. Soft Comput. 49, 981–989, ISSN 1568-4946 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2016.05.008
Poonam Rijwani, S.J: Enhanced software effort estimation using multi layered feed. In: Twelfth International Multi-Conference on Information Processing-2016 (IMCIP-2016), Jaipur: Elsevier, pp. 307–312 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.06.073
Ajitha, S., Kumar, T.S., Geetha, D.E., Kanth, K.R.: Neural network model for software size estimation using a use case point approach. In: IEEE International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS), pp. 372–376 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/iciinfs.2010.5578675
Kalichanin-Balich, I., Lopez-Martin, C.: Applying a feedforward neural network for predicting software development effort of short-scale projects. In: IEEE Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications (SERA), pp. 269–275 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/sera.2010.41
Dave, V., Dutta, K.: Neural network based models for software effort estimation: A review. Artif. Intell. Rev. 42, 295–307, Aug (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-012-9339-x
Demšar, J., Zupan, B.: Orange: data mining fruitful and fun—a historical perspective. Inform. 37, 55–60 (2013)
Idri, A., Mbarki, S., Abran, A.: Validating and understanding software cost estimation models based on neural networks. In: IEEE International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies: From Theory to Applications, pp. 433–434 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1109/ictta.2004.1307817
Boehm, B.W.: Software Engineering Economics. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. SE-10, 4–21 (1981)
Desharnais, J.M.: Analyse statistique de la productivitie des projets informatique a partie de latechnique des point des foncti\ on. University of Montreal, Masters Thesis (1989)
Devroye, L.: The uniform convergence of nearest neighbor regression function estimators and their application in optimization. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 24(2), 142–151, March (1978). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.1978.1055865
Vapnik, V.N.: The nature of statistical learning theory. In: Springer-Verlag, ISBN: 0-387-94559-8 (1995)
Braga, P.L., Oliveira, A.L.I., Meira, S.R.: A GA-based feature selection and parameters optimization for support vector regression applied to software effort estimation. In: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing (SAC ‘08), pp. 1788–1792 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1145/1363686.1364116
Sharma, N., Litoriya, R.: Incorporating data mining techniques on software cost estimation: Validation and improvement. Procedia Technol. 1, 65–71 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2012.02.013
Satapathy, S.M., Acharya, B.P., Rath, S.K.: Early stage software effort estimation using random forest technique based on use case points. IET Softw. 10(1), 10–17 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-sen.2014.0122
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Suresh Kumar, P., Behera, H.S. (2020). Estimating Software Effort Using Neural Network: An Experimental Investigation. In: Das, A., Nayak, J., Naik, B., Dutta, S., Pelusi, D. (eds) Computational Intelligence in Pattern Recognition. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1120. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2449-3_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2449-3_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-2448-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-2449-3
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)