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Thermodynamics of partially open systems

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Czechoslovak Journal of Physics Aims and scope

Abstract

The concept of partially open thermodynamic systems (consisting of components of two distinct categories: free and conservative components) is studied to suggest an adequate way of their description and analysis. Quasimolar fractions and quasimolar quotients are introduced to describe macroscopic composition of the systems and quasimolar thermodynamic quantities are suggested to substitute molar quantities usual with closed systems. New thermodynamic potential (called hyperfree energy), suitable as a function whose minimum expresses the equilibrium condition of partially open systems, is introduced using Legendre transformation. To assemble the hyperfree energy function, shortened thermodynamic quantities and quasimolar phase fractions are useful. Thermodynamics of partially open systems is applied to analyze the behavior of these systems at equilibrium transitions (e.g. decomposition of simple oxide) under a dynamic atmosphere. As a result, new Clapeyron-like equations are derived.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Theor. Dept., Sect. Condensed Matter Phys., Institute of Physics, Czechosl Acad. Sci., Na Slovance 2, 180 40, Praha 8, Czechoslovakia

    P. Holba

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  1. P. Holba
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The substantial part of this work was done during a two months stay with the Group Cristallogenese, Institut Micro- et Optoelectronique, EPFL Lausanne. The stay was sponsored by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Collaboration with Eastern Countries) and by Thomson-CSF.

The author is grateful to his old colleagues M. Nevřiva, E. Pollert and J. Šesták from the Institute of Physics and to professors V. Šatava and J. Pick from Technical University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague for their human and professional contacts during times of his “excommunication from science”, and to S. Krupička and B. Velický — chief scientists of the Institute of Physics — for their active participation in his return to Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences.

The deciding support for the formation of the final theory presented in this paper was given by the well-informed interest of H.- J. Scheel from Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne.

The author's personal thanks are paid to O. Rauchenberger from Tolochenaz (Vaud, Switzerland) for his friendly computer service.

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Holba, P. Thermodynamics of partially open systems. Czech J Phys 42, 549–575 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01598004

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01598004

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