Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Transformation from austenite in alloy steels

  • Published:
Metallurgical Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper is concerned with the direct transformation of austenite at high temperatures to form ferrite and alloy carbide dispersions. The ferrite/austenite interfaces vary from high energy random boundaries to low energy planar boundaries which grow by step propagation, while the alloy carbide morphologies include a pearlitic form, fine fibers and fine banded arrays of particles. It is shown that these morphologies are closely related to the mode of growth of the ferritic matrix. The role of various alloying elements on the carbide dispersion is examined, and the effects of other metallurgical variables on the banded dispersions are discussed, including factors which influence the dispersion stability. The mechanical properties of directly transformed alloy steels are shown to depend largely on the ferrite grain size and the state of the carbide dispersion. Micro-alloyed steels subjected to controlled rolling provide an excellent example of the achievement of high strength and toughness levels by control of these variables. The paper finally attempts to show how such benefits can be achieved in low and medium alloy steels, and in particular where resistance to creep failure at elevated temperatures is an important property.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. R. F. Mehl and W. Hagel:Prog. Met. Phys., 1956, vol. 6, p. 74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Smith:Trans. ASM, 1953, vol. 45, p. 533.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. R. F. Mehl, S. Barrett, and D. W. Smith:Trans. AIME, 1933, vol. 105, p. 215.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Y. Liu, H. I. Aaronson, K. R. Kinsman, and M. G. Hall:Met. Trans., 1972, vol. 3,p. 1319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. A. Dubé, H. I. Aaronson, and R. F. Mehl:Rev. Met., 1958, vol. 55, p. 201.

    Google Scholar 

  6. H. I. Aaronson:Decomposition of Austenite by Diffusional Processes, p. 387 ff., Interscience Publishers, New York, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  7. M. Hillert:Decomposition of Austenite by Diffusional Processes, p. 197 ff. Interscience Publishers, New York, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  8. K. R. Kinsman and H. I. Aaronson:Met. Trans., 1973, vol. 4, p. 959.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. H. I. Aaronson, Laird, and K. R. Kinsman:Phase Transformations, ASM 1970, p. 313ff.

  10. J. V. Bee: Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cambridge, 1974.

  11. R. J. Dippenaar and R. W. K. Honeycombe:Proc. Roy. Soc., 1973, vol. A333, p. 455.

    Google Scholar 

  12. R. I. Entin:Decomposition of Austenite by Diffusional Processes, p. 295. Inter- science Publishers, New York, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  13. M. Mannerkoski:Acta. Polytech. Scand., 1964, Ch. 26.

  14. K. Campbell: Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cambridge, 1971.

  15. V. K. Bungardt, E. Kunze, and E. Korn:Arch. Eisenhutten., 1958, vol. 29, p. 193.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. F. G. Berry and R. W. K. Honeycombe:Met. Trans., 1970, vol. 1, p. 3279.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. D. V. Edmonds and R. W. K. Honeycombe:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1973, vol. 211, p. 209.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. T. Davenport, F. G. Berry, and R. W. K. Honeycombe:Met. Sci. J., 1968, vol. 2, p. 104.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. J. M. Gray and R. B. S. Yeo:Trans. ASM., 1968, vol. 61, p. 255.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Freeman:The Effect of Second Phase Particles on the Mechanical Proper- ties of Steel, IS1 London, 1971, p. 152.

    Google Scholar 

  21. A. T. Davenport and R. W. K. Honeycombe:Proc. Roy. Soc, 1971, vol. 322, p. 191.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. J. Tillman and D. V. Edmonds:Metals Tech., 1974, vol. l,p. 456.

    Google Scholar 

  23. W. B. Morrison and J. H. Woodhead:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1963, vol. 201, p. 43.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. W. B. Morrison:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1963, vol. 201, p. 317.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. W. Leslie:The Relation Between Structure and Mechanical Properties of Metals, NPL Conference 1963, p. 337, HMSO, London.

    Google Scholar 

  26. J. M. Gray, D. Webster, and J. H. Woodhead:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1965, vol. 203, p. 812.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Tanino, I. Nishida, I. Ooka, and K. Yoshikawa:Proc. Symp. on Micro- Metallurgy, Jamshedpur, India, 1965.

  28. M. Tanino and K. Aoki:Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Japan, 1968, vol. 8, p. 337.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. A. D Batte and R. W. K. Honeycombe:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1973, vol. 211, p. 284;Met. Sci. J., 1973, vol. 7, p. 160.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. K. Campbell and R. W. K. Honeycombe:Met. Sci. J., 1974, vol. 8, p. 197.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. V. K. Heikinnen:Acta Met., 1973, vol. 21, p. 709;Scandin.J. Met., 1974, vol. 3,p.41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. R. G. Baker and J. Nutting:ISI Special Report, no. 64, 1959, p. 1.

  33. J. Middleton and D. V. Edmonds:Metallogr., 1976, in press.

  34. T. N. Baker:Acta Met., 1973, vol. 21, p. 261.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. A. Barbacki and R. W. K. Honeycombe: Metallogr., 1976, in press.

  36. A. D. Batte: Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cambridge, 1970.

  37. S. Freeman: Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cambridge, 1971.

  38. H. J. Harding: Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Sheffield, 1966.

  39. D. J. Dyson, S. R. Keown, D. Raynor, and J. A. Whiteman:Acta Met., vol. 14, 1966, p. 867.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. D. V. Edmonds:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1972, vol. 210, p. 363.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. P. R. Hilyman: Unpublished work.Met. Trans., 1973, vol. 4, p. 959.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. D. V. Edmonds: Private communication, University of Cambridge.

  43. D. M. Davies and B. Ralph:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1972, vol. 210, p. 262.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. D. M. Schwartz and B. Ralph:Met. Sci. J., 1969, vol. 3, p. 216.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. G. L. Dunlop and R. W. K. Honeycombe:Phil. Mag., 1975, vol. 32, p. 61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. K. Kreye:Z. Metallic., 1970, vol. 61, p. 108.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. A. J. Ardell:Acta Met., 1972, vol. 20, p. 601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. G. L. Dunlop: Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cambridge, 1974.

  49. A. H. Bowen and G. M. Leak:Met. Trans., 1970, vol. 1, p. 2767.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. G. L. Dunlop and P. J. Turner:Met. Sci., 1975, vol. 9, p. 370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. J. S. T. Van Aswegen, R. W. K. Honeycombe, and D. H. Warrington:Acta Met, 1964, vol. 12, p. I.

    Google Scholar 

  52. S. J. Harris and N. R. Nag:J. Mater. Sci., 1975, vol. 10, p. 1137.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Y. E. Smith and A. Siebert:Met. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, p. 1711.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. V. M. Klestov, R. I. Entin, K. N. Sokoiov, G. Y. A. Betin, L. I. Kogan, and N. V. Mikhno:Fiz. Metal. Metalloved, 1972, vol. 33, p. 973.

    Google Scholar 

  55. M. M. Shteinberg, V. I. Filatov, T. I. Shilkova, M. A. Smirnov, and V. N. Gonshar:Steel in the USSR, Oct. 1973, p. 872.

  56. D. J. Walker: Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cambridge, 1975.

  57. T. Gladman, B. Holmes, and I. D. McIvor:The Effect of Second Phase Parti- cles on the Mechanical Properties of Steel, ISI, 1971, p.58.

  58. F. B. Pickering and T. Gladman:ISI Special Report No. 81, 1963, p. 10.

  59. T. Gladman:Proc. Roy. Soc., 1966, vol. A294, p. 298.

    Google Scholar 

  60. D. V. Edmonds:Met. Trans., 1973, vol. 4, p. 2527.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. T. Gladman, I. D. Mclvor, and D. Dulieu:Structure-Property Relationships in Micro-Alloyed Steels, Microalloying 1975, Washington, Oct. 1975.

  62. W. B. Morrison and J. A. Chapman: Controlled Rolling, Rosenhain Centenary Conf., London, Sept. 1975, Proc. Roy. Soc., in press.

  63. G. L. Dunlop and R. W. K. Honeycombe:Met. Sci., 1976, vol. 10, p. 124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. B. Aronsson:Climax Molybdenum Symposium on Steel Strengthening Mech- anisms, 1969, p. 77.

Download references

Authors
  1. R. W. K. Honeycombe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. F. Mehl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Honeycombe, R.W.K., Mehl, R.F. Transformation from austenite in alloy steels. Metall Trans A 7, 915–936 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02644057

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02644057

Search

Navigation