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The measurement and prediction of the melt velocities in aturbulent,electromagnetically driven recirculating low melting alloy system

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Abstract

Experimental measurements are reported describing the velocity field in an inductively stirred low melting alloy. The molten metal was held in a cylindrical container, 500 mm high and having an inside diameter of 250 mm; induction stirring was supplied by a three phase coil, which provided a maximum field strength of 350 Gauss (0.035 Wb/m2). The velocities in the melt were measured by a mechanical force reaction probe and were found to range up to about 0.5 m/s. Theoretical prediction of the melt velocities was made by solving Maxwell’s equations, together with the turbulent Navier-Stokes equations, using a digital computer. The experimentally measured and theoretically predicted velocities were found to agree within about 30 pct, thus providing direct experimental proof for the validity of modelling electromagnetically driven flows using this technique.

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Abbreviations

Aθ :

Vector potential in theθ-direction,

B,B r,B z :

magnetic flux density and its components,

E, E θ :

electric field and itsθ-components,

E :

eddy diffusivity,

F b, Fr, Fz :

body force vector and its components,

g :

acceleration due to gravity,

H :

magnetic field intensity,

Δh :

net pressure head,

J, J θ :

current density and itsθ-component,

ρ :

pressure,

R :

bath radius,

r :

radial coordinate,

t :

time,

u r, uz :

velocities in r- and z-direction,

V :

velocity vector,

V o :

measured metal velocity, and

z :

axial coordinate

μ, μt, μe :

Molecular, turbulent and effective viscosity,

μ o :

magnetic permeability of free space,

ξ :

vorticity

ρ :

density of melt

σ:

electrical conductivity

τ:

stress tensor included laminar and turbulent stresses, and

Ψ:

stream function

References

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA

    J. Szekely (Professor of Materials Engineering) & C. W. Chang (Postdoctoral Research Associate)

  2. Republic Steel Corporation, Research Center, 44131, Independence, OH

    R. E. Ryan (Research Engineer)

Authors
  1. J. Szekely
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  2. C. W. Chang
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  3. R. E. Ryan
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Szekely, J., Chang, C.W. & Ryan, R.E. The measurement and prediction of the melt velocities in aturbulent,electromagnetically driven recirculating low melting alloy system. Metall Trans B 8, 333–338 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02657664

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02657664

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